ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ СЕМАНТИКО-СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ Я-ONE В РЕЧИ АНГЛИЧАН ПРЕСТИЖНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП

The article is devoted to the analysis of previously unstudied age-related specific in functioning of the subject pronoun I-one in the speech of British social elite.The aim of the study is to conduct sociolinguistic analysis of Tom Stoppard’s play “The Invention of Love” to identify age groups of prestigious social layers that use pronoun one in the meaning of “I”, and describe its functions.The main methods used in the study include sociolinguistic analysis of character’s speech by means of sociolinguistic categories.Results. Analysis of the contexts, where pronoun I-one is used, allowed us to come to conclusion that in youth this pronoun functions as a means of social and cultural self-identification, in maturity as a way of self-expression and in old age as method of self-esteem and teaching experience.Practical implications. The data, obtained in the process of research, can be used in teaching translation, stylistics and semiotics.Статья посвящена анализу ранее не изученных возрастных особенностей функционирования местоимения подлежащего я-one в речи англичан – представителей социальной элиты Великобритании.Цель исследования состоит в социолингвистическом анализе пьесы Тома Стоппарда «The Invention of Love» для выявления возрастных групп престижных слоёв населения, употребляющих местоимение one в значении «я», и описания его функций.Основные методы, использованные в исследовании: социолингвистический анализ речи персонажа посредством социолингвистических категорий.Результаты. Проведённый анализ контекстов употребления подлежащего я-one позволил прийти к выводу о том, что в молодости данное местоимение выступает средством социокультурной самоидентификации личности, в зрелости – способом самовыражения, в старости – самооценки и трансляции опыта.Область применения результатов. Полученные в процессе исследования данные могут быть использованы на занятиях по курсу перевода, стилистики и семиотики

Russian Volga federal district regions’ digitalisation as a factor of their sustainable development

The article presents the author’s methodology for calculating the integral index of the level of sustainable development of Russian regions, taking into account the digital component. The object of the study is the sustainable development of the subjects of the Volga Federal District of Russia. The results of the assessment made it possible to divide the subjects under study into three groups depending on the value of the integral subindex for 2021. These groups include regions of the first group (sustainable development leaders), regions of the second group (regions with moderate sustainable development) and regions of the third group (sustainable development outsiders). Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn regarding the level of sustainable development of the subjects of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation, taking into account the digital aspect. The proposed methodology can be used for annual monitoring of the sustainability of Russian regions in four areas of development and public administration

ИРОНИЯ – СТАТУСНЫЙ СИМВОЛ ВЫСШИХ КЛАССОВ АНГЛИИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of little-studied specific in functioning of irony in the speech of English social elite.The aim of the study is to conduct sociolinguistic analysis of Julian Fellowes’s TV series script “Downton Abbey” to identify the language markers of irony, used by English aristocrats in the early XXth century, describe tactics and types of speech acts attached to irony, its impact on communicants.The main methods used in the study include sociolinguistic analysis of character’s speech by means of sociolinguistic categories.Results. Analysis of the contexts, where irony is used, allowed us to come to conclusion that the information plan of the ironic statement is expressed implicitly, includes methods of labeling, devaluation of interlocutor’s merits, humiliation, and mockery by means of hyperbolic metaphor, ironic pejorative, allusion and antithesis.Practical implications. The data, obtained in the process of research, can be used in the course of intercultural communication, stylistics, translation and semiotics.Статья посвящена анализу малоизученных особенностей функционирования иронии в речи высших классов Англии.Цель исследования состоит в социолингвистическом анализе реплик героев в тексте сценария британского телесериала Джулиана Феллоуза «Аббатство Даунтон», содержащих контексты употребления иронии английскими аристократами начала XX века для выявления её языковых маркеров, описания тактик и типов речевых актов, её воздействия на коммуникантов.Основные методы, использованные в исследовании: социолингвистический анализ речи персонажа посредством социолингвистических категорий.Результаты. Проведённое исследование случаев употребления иронии позволило прийти к выводу о том, что информационный план иронического высказывания выражается имплицитно, включает приемы навешивания ярлыков, обесценивания заслуг собеседника, унижения, издёвки, с помощью гиперболической метафоры, иронического пейоратива, аллюзии и антитезы.Область применения результатов. Полученные выводы могут быть использованы в курсе межкультурной коммуникации, стилистики, перевода и семиотики

Analysis and Possibilities of Increasing of Labor Potential in the Regions of the Volga Federal District (Russian Federation)

The article proposes a method of estimating of employment potential of a territory and results of the comparative analysis of employment potential of the Volga Federal District regions based on the method. There were also identified some problems of the regions and suggested ways of solving them

Recurrent horizontal transfer identifies mitochondrial positive selection in a transmissible cancer

Abstract: Autonomous replication and segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) creates the potential for evolutionary conflict driven by emergence of haplotypes under positive selection for ‘selfish’ traits, such as replicative advantage. However, few cases of this phenomenon arising within natural populations have been described. Here, we survey the frequency of mtDNA horizontal transfer within the canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT), a contagious cancer clone that occasionally acquires mtDNA from its hosts. Remarkably, one canine mtDNA haplotype, A1d1a, has repeatedly and recently colonised CTVT cells, recurrently replacing incumbent CTVT haplotypes. An A1d1a control region polymorphism predicted to influence transcription is fixed in the products of an A1d1a recombination event and occurs somatically on other CTVT mtDNA backgrounds. We present a model whereby ‘selfish’ positive selection acting on a regulatory variant drives repeated fixation of A1d1a within CTVT cells