The Aboriginal Right to a Commercial Fishery

This paper explores the issue of an Aboriginal right to a commercial fishery in Canada. Relevant case law and government policy are examined, including the Department of Fisheries and Oceans\u27 Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy. Among those cases discussed are R v Sparrow, Delgamuukw v British Columbia, R v Vanderpeet, R v Gladstone, R v NTC Smokehouse, R v Nikal, R v Deconti, R v Bombay, and R v Jones and Nadjiwon

The Aboriginal Right to a Commercial Fishery

This paper explores the issue of an Aboriginal right to a commercial fishery in Canada. Relevant case law and government policy are examined, including the Department of Fisheries and Oceans\u27 Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy. Among those cases discussed are R v Sparrow, Delgamuukw v British Columbia, R v Vanderpeet, R v Gladstone, R v NTC Smokehouse, R v Nikal, R v Deconti, R v Bombay, and R v Jones and Nadjiwon

Where to draw the line? Longinus, goulu, and balzac's lettres

This article looks at the place of Longinus in Goulu’s Lettres de Phyllarque à Ariste (1627-8), written in response to the publication of Guez de Balzac’s collected volumes of letters. It pays close attention to Goulu’s translations of sections of On the Sublime, considering the ways in which Goulu’s praise of Longinus connects with his dispraise of Balzac. Goulu tries (problematically) to use Longinus to show that Balzac exceeds the bounds of vivid, plausible and persuasive discourse.This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by Peeters Publishers

CC-interop : COPAC/Clumps Continuing Technical Cooperation. Final Project Report

As far as is known, CC-interop was the first project of its kind anywhere in the world and still is. Its basic aim was to test the feasibility of cross-searching between physical and virtual union catalogues, using COPAC and the three functioning "clumps" or virtual union catalogues (CAIRNS, InforM25, and RIDING), all funded or part-funded by JISC in recent years. The key issues investigated were technical interoperability of catalogues, use of collection level descriptions to search union catalogues dynamically, quality of standards in cataloguing and indexing practices, and usability of union catalogues for real users. The conclusions of the project were expected to, and indeed do, contribute to the development of the JISC Information Environment and to the ongoing debate as to the feasibility and desirability of creating a national UK catalogue. They also inhabit the territory of collection level descriptions (CLDs) and the wider services of JISC's Information Environment Services Registry (IESR). The results of this project will also have applicability for the common information environment, particularly through the landscaping work done via SCONE/CAIRNS. This work is relevant not just to HE and not just to digital materials, but encompasses other sectors and domains and caters for print resources as well. Key findings are thematically grouped as follows: System performance when inter-linking COPAC and the Z39.50 clumps. The various individual Z39.50 configurations permit technical interoperability relatively easily but only limited semantic interoperability is possible. Disparate cataloguing and indexing practices are an impairment to semantic interoperability, not just for catalogues but also for CLDs and descriptions of services (like those constituting JISC's IESR). Creating dynamic landscaping through CLDs: routines can be written to allow collection description databases to be output in formats that other UK users of CLDs, including developers of the JISC information environment. Searching a distributed (virtual) catalogue or clump via Z39.50: use of Z39.50 to Z39.50 middleware permits a distributed catalogue to be searched via Z39.50 from such disparate user services as another virtual union catalogue or clump, a physical union catalogue like COPAC, an individual Z client and other IE services. The breakthrough in this Z39.50 to Z39.50 conundrum came with the discovery that the JISC-funded JAFER software (a result of the 5/99 programme) meets many of the requirements and can be used by the current clumps services. It is technically possible for the user to select all or a sub-set of available end destination Z39.50 servers (we call this "landscaping") within this middleware. Comparing results processing between COPAC and clumps. Most distributed services (clumps) do not bring back complete results sets from associated Z servers (in order to save time for users). COPAC on-the-fly routines could feasibly be applied to the clumps services. An automated search set up to repeat its query of 17 catalogues in a clump (InforM25) hourly over nearly 3 months returned surprisingly good results; for example, over 90% of responses were received in less than one second, and no servers showed slower response times in periods of traditionally heavy OPAC use (mid-morning to early evening). User behaviour when cross-searching catalogues: the importance to users of a number of on-screen features, including the ability to refine a search and clear indication that a search is processing. The importance to users of information about the availability of an item as well as the holdings data. The impact of search tools such as Google and Amazon on user behaviour and the expectations of more information than is normally available from a library catalogue. The distrust of some librarians interviewed of the data sources in virtual union catalogues, thinking that there was not true interoperability

An Examination Of Individual Differences In Children\u27s Responding To Experiences Of Failure

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine individual differences in children\u27s responding to an achievement-oriented testing situation including a failure experience. One hundred fifth and sixth graders participated in the three sessions of the study. During two of these sessions, failure experiences were programmed. The children completed personality measures assessing test anxiety, depression, locus of control and self-concept, school grades and teacher ratings were collected, measures of performance change following a failure were taken and ratings of task focus, causal attributions for failure, task enjoyment, performance evaluation and future expectancies were obtained. The study allowed for an examination of the overlap among the personality measures, an examination of the intercorrelations among the set of performance ratings collected, as well as an examination of the association between the personality measures and performance change and ratings. The question of consistency in responding to failure across tasks and times was addressed. The study explored the processes underlying performance deficits associated with failure, in order to examine motivational and attentional influences. Finally, correspondence between the measures obtained in the experimental sessions, and behaviours seen in school was studied. Significant intercorrelations were found among the set of personality measures. There were also strong intercorrelations among the set of ratings that the children made, although these were unrelated to either actual performance or performance change following failure. Moreover, children entered the session with varying expectancies about performance and made ratings about performance in line with these initial expectancies. Test anxiety and depression were most strongly related to the ratings of performance made. They were also associated with deteriorated performance following failure. In response to failure, however, depression was associated with a decrease in responding, whereas test anxiety was associated with a response activation. Performance deterioration was also associated with a lower self-concept, and most strongly with an orientation in which external attributions for success and ability attributions for failure were made. Very limited evidence of consistency in manner of responding across sessions or correspondence between laboratory and school behavior was provided

Sexual and reproductive health and rights. Lobbying, contestations and compromises - An analysis of the challenges to an agreed language at the UN

International agreements dating back to the landmark International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action in 1994, and the Beijing Declaration Platform for Action, 1995, have recognized the right to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights (SRHR), enabling women to make their own decisions over their bodies. These agreements committed states to provide universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, including information and education, access to modern contraceptives, and safe abortion where legal. However, changes in the international political environment are demonstrating challenges in the protection of this agreed language on SRHR at the UN, having an impact on women’s access to SRH services globally. The broadening of the Mexico City Policy attempting to censor the language on SRHR, both domestically and internationally, as well as systematic lobbying of governments at the UN by conservative groups, is having a direct impact on the current global SRHR agenda setting. The aim of this study was to determine whether the efforts of the conservative opposition who seek to roll back the language on SRHR has been replicated in the UN outcome documents and resolutions between 2014 and 2019, before and after the latest reimplementation of the Mexico City Policy. This study presents the first empirical research on the disappearance of the language over time on the basis of a document review. The Health Policy Framework by Walt and Gilson (1994) allowed for an overview of the context in which the lobbying is taking place, map who the actors are that oppose SRHR, describe the process, and analyze the content of the documents. The results demonstrated a disappearance of the language on abortion in the CSW outcome documents, and a changing of the language on comprehensive sexuality education in the CSW and UN resolutions, which saw the removal of sexuality and placed an increased emphasis on the role of families. Furthermore, there was an inability of some states to accept sexual and reproductive health at all. This study has shown that the original agreed language from the ICPD and Beijing commitments are not safe from relentless opposition, and suggests that, going forward, funding for SRHR may need to look at more sustainable sources which are not subject to the international political environment

An exploration of issues for effective home-school communication strategies with Asian immigrant parents

The far-reaching effects of 21st century globalisation have meant that schools are facing an increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse parent community, a situation which presents educators with both opportunities and challenges. While international academic literature has recently begun to focus on the issues and challenges of cross-cultural communication with Asian immigrant parents in Western societies, New Zealand-based educational research has focused on independent international fee-paying students, as opposed to New Zealand-domiciled students and their parents. Post-modern influences, with the resultant emphasis on contextualisation of education, combined with increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in the parent community, has underscored the need for effective home-school communication practices. This small-scale, exploratory, qualitative research project documents the personal home-school communication experiences of Asian immigrant parents. The study uses empirical data collected from semi-structured individual and group interviews with seven parents from Korea, Hong-Kong and Mainland China, who reside in Tauranga, a growing provincial city located in the Bay of Plenty region, New Zealand. By focusing on the implementation of the revised New Zealand Curriculum and the inaugural changes to the National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCEA) Level 1 qualification in 2011, this research examines the extent of parental understanding and the effectiveness of current home-school communication practices. The findings reveal that current home-school communication processes and practices are largely ineffective with this parent group, and highlight the disparity between high parental expectations and the rudimentary knowledge that they hold. A thematic analysis corroborates empirical data with academic rationale, and highlights an extensive language barrier, unrecognised cultural aspects of communication, inaccurate knowledge from alternative sources of information, and potentially conflicting worldviews of education. A strategic leadership vision, along with a multifaceted commitment to action, is required to adopt approaches to home-school communication which facilitate effective communication, as well as the inclusion and integration of Asian immigrant parents as legitimate and recognised members of the school community. This study recommends the provision of multi-lingual resources for parents, ethnic-specific parent meetings, a formal liaison and advocacy role, and the development of ethnic community links to enhance home-school communication practices. The discussion concludes with an epilogue, which outlines an ethnic-specific Korean parent meeting and demonstrates the practical application of recommendations contained within the study