Comparative Hydrodynamic Analysis by Using Two-Dimensional Models and Application to a New Bridge

This document develops a methodology that evaluates the impact on the environment of the rivers produced by the creation of civil infrastructures. The methodology is based on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation by using shallow water equations both in the conditions prior to the creation of the infrastructure, and in the new conditions after the infrastructure is created. Subsequently, several characteristics, such as water depth and velocity, among others, are compared between the initial and final conditions, and a two-dimensional zoning of the changes observed is obtained. The methodology herein presented is useful to verify the impact that the implantation of different infrastructures around the river currents could produce. In addition, it is also relevant for carrying out a study taking into account different infrastructure options related to river currents, as well as for selecting the most suitable one. By using the methodology presented, changes on the regime of the currents caused by the infrastructures can be deduced, including a qualitative and quantitative zoning of the changes, with a special emphasis on some characteristics, such as depth and velocity. The methodology is applied in a case study for the creation of a road bridge over the Jalon River in Spain

Método PLR para la separación del flujo de base continuo y su aplicación con la serie temporal del río Bergantes

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar modelos basados en depósitos lineales en paralelo (PLR) como método idóneo para la separación del flujo de base a partir de series temporales de descarga total. Se desarrolla un nuevo método de análisis y separación de las componentes de flujo basado en ecuaciones de relaciones dinámicas entre depósitos conectados en paralelo. También se hace referencia a la metodología de ajuste y calibración de los modelos PLR a partir de curvas de recesión de hidrogramas reales. La ecuación de relaciones dinámicas establece una solución única para los parámetros que rigen los modelos PLR, y permite separar las componentes de flujo como una solución matemática óptima. Con estos modelos, para evaluar el recorrido del agua a través de la cuenca, se pueden establecer más de dos componentes de flujo. Con el registro continuo del río Bergantes se hacen simulaciones de modelos de dos depósitos (2R), y de tres depósitos (3R), y se elaboran curvas de probabilidad de excedencia (FDCs), que son idóneas para evaluar el origen del recurso hídrico de la cuenca, su garantía de regulación y su disponibilidad

Análisis de frecuencia y clasificación de eventos hidrometeorológicos reales en tres cuencas del NE de España

A rainfall and flow frequency analysis has been performed in three basins in the northeast of Spain, those are the Bergantes, Esca and Sotón. Various methods grouped into two categories are used, (1) the gauged method which consist in the analysis of maximum flow rate annual series, and (2) the hydrometeorological method which take into account processes with rainfall-runoff transformation models. The results are compared with observed data in historical series. Finally, nine episodes with actual rainfall and flow record are analyzed. This episodes are also claissified in their frequency domain and results obtained from models used have been contrasted. Se realiza un análisis de frecuencia de precipitaciones y de caudales en tres cuencas del NE de España, Bergantes, Esca y Sotón. Se utilizan varios métodos agrupados en dos categorías, (1) foronómicos que consiste en el análisis de series anuales de máximo caudal instantáneo e (2) hidrometeorológicos donde se modeliza el proceso de transformación lluvia-escorrentía. Los resultados se comparan con los propios datos de las series históricas. Finalmente se analizan nueve episodios con registro real de lluvia y de caudal, se clasifican en el dominio de la frecuencia y se realiza un contraste de los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes modelos

Frequency analysis and classification of real hydrometeorological episodes in three basins of NE Spain

Se realiza un análisis de frecuencia de precipitaciones y de caudales en tres cuencas del NE de España, Bergantes, Esca y Sotón. Se utilizan varios métodos agrupados en dos categorías, (1) foronómicos que consiste en el análisis de series anuales de máximo caudal instantáneo e (2) hidrometeorológicos donde se modeliza el proceso de transformación lluvia-escorrentía. Los resultados se comparan con los propios datos de las series históricas. Finalmente se analizan nueve episodios con registro real de lluvia y de caudal, se clasifican en el dominio de la frecuencia y se realiza un contraste de los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes modelosA rainfall and flow frequency analysis has been performed in three basins in the northeast of Spain, those are the Bergantes, Esca and Sotón. Various methods grouped into two categories are used, (1) the gauged method which consist in the analysis of maximum flow rate annual series, and (2) the hydrometeorological method which take into account processes with rainfall-runoff transformation models. The results are compared with observed data in historical series. Finally, nine episodes with actual rainfall and flow record are analyzed. This episodes are also claissified in their frequency domain and results obtained from models used have been contraste

PLR method for the separation of continuous base flow and its application with the time series of the Bergantes river

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar modelos basados en depósitos lineales en paralelo (PLR) como método idóneo para la separación del flujo de base a partir de series temporales de descarga total. Se desarrolla un nuevo método de análisis y separación de las componentes de flujo basado en ecuaciones de relaciones dinámicas entre depósitos conectados en paralelo. También se hace referencia a la metodología de ajuste y calibración de los modelos PLR a partir de curvas de recesión de hidrogramas reales. La ecuación de relaciones dinámicas establece una solución única para los parámetros que rigen los modelos PLR, y permite separar las componentes de flujo como una solución matemática óptima. Con estos modelos, para evaluar el recorrido del agua a través de la cuenca, se pueden establecer más de dos componentes de flujo. Con el registro continuo del río Bergantes se hacen simulaciones de modelos de dos depósitos (2R), y de tres depósitos (3R), y se elaboran curvas de probabilidad de excedencia (FDCs), que son idóneas para evaluar el origen del recurso hídrico de la cuenca, su garantía de regulación y su disponibilidadThe main objective of this work is to present the models based on Parallel Linear Reservoirs (PLR models) as an ideal method to carry out the base-flow separation from time series of total discharge. A new method of analysis and separation of flow components based on equations of dynamic relations be tween parallel connected deposits is developed in this article. Reference is also made to the methodology of adjustment and calibration of PLR models based on the recession curves of the real hydrographs The Dynamic Relations equation sets up a single solution for the parameters that govern PLR models and allows the separation of the flow components as an optimal mathematical solution. With these models more than two flow components can be established to assess the water routing through the basin. The models are tested against the continuous register of the Bergantes river located in the NE of Spain. Simulations were carried out with two reservoirs (2R models) and with three reservoirs (3R models). With the results of the models, flow duration curves (FDCs) were elaborated, thus allowin gassessing the origin of the water resources of the basin, their guarantee of regulation and availabilit

Assessment of the Role of Snowmelt in a Flood Event in a Gauged Catchment

An actual event that happened in the Roncal valley (Spain) is investigated and the results are compared between models with and without snowmelt. A distributed rainfall model is generated with the specific data recorded by the rain gauges of the catchment during the episode. To describe the process of water routing in the hydrological cycle of the basin, a model is used based on combinations of parallel linear reservoirs (PLR model), distribution by the basin, and tip-out into its drainage network configured using a digital terrain model (DTM). This PLR model allows simulation of the different actual reservoirs of the basin, including the snow and the contribution due to its melting which, in the model, depends on the temperature. The PLR model also allows for a water budget of the episode where, in addition to the effective rainfall contribution, the water that comes from the thaw is taken into account. The PLR model also allows determination of the amount of water that exists in the basin before and after the episode, data of great interest. When comparing the simulations with and without taking into account the thawing process, it is evident that the intervention of the snow reservoir has been decisive in causing a flood to occur

New Analysis Method for Continuous Base-Flow and Availability of Water Resources Based on Parallel Linear Reservoir Models

Water flows in the hydrosphere through a tangled and tortuous labyrinth of ways that is the hydrological cycle. Flow separation models are an attempt to group such complexity of paths into a few components of flow and storage so as to reflect the overall behaviour of a basin. A new method of analysis and separation of flow components, based on equations of dynamic relations between Linear Reservoirs connected in Parallel (PLR models), is developed in this article. A synthesis of models based on mathematical filter equations is carried out in order to make comparisons with the proposed model. Reference is also made to the methodology of adjustment and calibration of the PLR models based on the recession curves of the real hydrographs. The models are tested with the continuous register of a basin located in the northeast of Spain. The simulations are carried out with two reservoir models (2R models), three reservoirs (3R models) and with a mathematical filter model to compare the results. With the results of the models, flow duration curves (FDCs) and storage duration curves (SDCs) were elaborated, thus allowing assessment of the origin of the water resources of the basin, a guarantee of their regulation and availability, the dynamic storage in the catchment, residence times and other features

Scientific knowledge relevant to the conservation and management of the three hare species of the Iberian Peninsula: shortfalls and future challenges

Los principales avances en el conocimiento de las tres especies de liebre presentes en la Península Ibérica (dos de ellas endémicas) tuvieron lugar a finales del siglo XX con la realización de estudios sobre genética, morfología y ecología descriptiva. Durante los años 90 y 2000, se ha profundizado fundamentalmente en aspectos genéticos y evolutivos, en la definición de factores ambientales determinantes de su distribución, en el estado sanitario y en el comportamiento espacial. En lo que respecta a los estudios sobre dinámica poblacional, se dispone únicamente de trabajos locales con metodologías diversas y series de datos generalmente cortas, lo que impide realizar una interpretación conjunta y sólida de los datos. Esta falta de información conlleva que las bases técnicas para determinar un adecuado aprovechamiento cinegético sean en la mayoría de los casos insuficientes. Además, las tres especies se encuentran fuertemente ligadas al medio agrícola y ganadero, por lo que determinar los factores relativos al manejo de estos medios que afectan a las liebres resulta esencial, especialmente debido al declive general de la mayor parte de las especies silvestres ligadas a estos espacios. ¿Será el sector científico-técnico capaz de avanzar en el conocimiento de la dinámica poblacional y el efecto del manejo agroganadero para una mejor gestión de las liebres ibéricas?The main advances on the knowledge of the three hare species inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula (Lepus granatensis, Lepus castroviejoi and Lepus europaeus, the first two endemic) were carried out in late XXth century, mainly with studies on genetic, morphological and ecological aspects. During the 1990s and 2000s advances were especially related to genetic and evolutionary issues, environmental factors determining species’ distributions, sanitary status or spatial behaviour. Available studies about population dynamics are generally local, carried out with different methodologies and short data series, hampering joint data analysis and interpretation. This lack of information leads to insufficient technical background for adequate hare management. Moreover, the three hare species are linked to agri-environments, so determining the management factors influencing hare populations is essential, especially due to the general decline of most wildlife species linked to these habitats. Will the scientific and technical sectors be able to advance in the knowledge of population dynamics and the effects of different practices in order to improve the management of Iberian hares