Alien Registration- Gibson, Hazel (Portland, Cumberland County)

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Communicating geoscience in uncertain times

Under the geoscience umbrella shelters a great breadth and depth of topics and concepts, from the applied to the abstract, and from the every-day to the extraordinary. This umbrella branches onto ethical and philosophical topics around the environment, society, justice, economics, heritage and so on—it is truly interdisciplinary. It is no wonder, then, that communicating geoscience can be tricky. Indeed, it is increasingly acknowledged that challenges in communicating geoscience are a major barrier to developing new geological technologies for society

Men’s health – the impact of stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of adult death and the most common cause of complex disability in the UK. This article discusses the incidence and impact of stroke, focusing on a range of issues from a male perspective, including stroke prevention, psychological needs, sexuality and return to work. There are some gender differences in modifiable risk factors for stroke, and women have better knowledge of stroke symptomatology. For men, the development of post-stroke depression is associated with greater physical disability. (c) Sherborne Gibbs Limite

Underground Britain: public perceptions of the geological subsurface

For access to the full interview transcripts and photographs from Appendix 2 please contact the author: [email protected] operates at the boundary between two worlds; the visible and the invisible. Increasingly, new geological technologies such as hydraulic fracturing, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and radioactive waste disposal are drawing the public’s attention to the ‘invisible’ world of the geological subsurface. This presents unique communication challenges because these technologies exist in a realm that can never be physically seen. This thesis addresses this issue by examining the psychological perceptions of residents in three villages in the south west of England. A representative sample from each village was qualitatively interviewed and mental models were constructed from the resultant data using the ‘mental models’ technique (Morgan et al, 2002). The mental models were then quantitatively tested using a questionnaire to assess the perceptions that a broader sample of the residents of these locations hold towards the geological subsurface. The results from the mental models assessment identified the principal perceptions held by the majority of the public surveyed. In particular, the study revealed the connection between the visible surface and the invisible subsurface and how different participants engaged with that boundary; choosing either a geoscience-centric or an anthropocentric approach to penetrating the surface. These approaches utilised by non-experts differed from those employed by the experts, who used a regionally specific geoscience-centric approach to visualising the subsurface. The work provides an important empirical baseline from which to develop a science-led strategy to engage the general public with new technologies and to increase our understanding of the more broadly held conceptions of the invisible subsurface

The future of conferences: lessons from Europe's largest online geoscience conference

In the early months of 2020, as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) swept across the globe, millions of people were required to make drastic changes to their lives to help contain the impact of the virus. Among those changes, scientific conferences of every type and size were forced to cancel or postpone in order to protect public health. Included in these was the European Geosciences Union (EGU) 2020 General Assembly, an annual conference for Earth, planetary, and space scientists, scheduled to be held in Vienna, Austria, in May 2020. After a 6-week period of changing the format to an online alternative, attendees of the newly designed EGU20: Sharing Geoscience Online took part in the first geoscience conference of its size to go fully online. This paper explores the feedback provided by participants following this experimental conference and identifies four key themes that emerged from an analysis of the following questions: what did attendees miss from a regular meeting, and to what extent did going online impact the event itself, both in terms of challenges and opportunities? The themes identified are “connecting”, “engagement”, “environment”, and “accessibility”. These themes include concepts relating to discussions of the value of informal connections and spontaneous scientific discovery during conferences, the necessity of considering the environmental cost of in-person meetings, and the opportunities for widening participation in science by investing in accessibility. The responses in these themes cover the spectrum of experiences of participants, from positive to negative, and raise important questions about what conference providers of the future will need to do to meet the needs of the scientific community in the years following this coronavirus outbreak

What are the Research Gaps Around Induced Seismicity and Shale Gas? A Summary of the Findings of the First UKUH Integration Event (May 2019)

Executive Summary: The NERC-ESRC Unconventional Hydrocarbons in the UK (UKUH) Energy System Programme (the UKUH Programme) comprises five Challenges. The ambition of which is to deliver a holistic programme for researching the shale gas system in the UK from the resource potential through to potential environmental and social impacts. Challenge 1 is responsible for the coordination, integration and synthesis of the six research projects that comprise the other four Challenges. A series of workshops is one of the primary channels to integrate the social science and geoscience elements of the UKUH Programme. The inaugural workshop of this integration series was held on 9 May 2019 in The Shard, London on the topic of induced seismicity. This publication summarises the outcomes of this workshop. The inaugural Challenge 1 workshop aimed to discuss the key unknown and uncertain research questions (issues) relating to induced seismicity caused by hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction, with the objective to collectively identify potential research gaps within the deliverables of the UKUH Programme. The workshop theme (induced seismicity) was chosen by the Challenge 1 team as the focus as it was deemed timely and important to all research projects within the UKUH Programme. It is intended that future workshop topics will be identified by other Challenge members. The workshop led to the identification of three priority areas for further research that are relevant to the UKUH Programme. These topics include reliable predictions around induced seismicity, issues around scaling-up shale gas development and the associated cumulative impacts, and the need for common and consistent language and terminology around induced seismicity. This publication is particularly timely as it follows the UK Government’s decision (announced 2nd November 2019) to suspend hydraulic fracturing activities in England1 until further notice. The moratorium follows a series of seismic events up to Magnitude 2.9 associated with hydraulic fracturing activities by Cuadrilla at the Preston New Road 2 (PNR-2) well as well as the publication of an Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) report1 summarising the results of scientific analysis of data from Cuadrilla’s operations at Preston New Road 1 (PNR-1). This scientific analysis, commissioned by OGA, has led to the publication of four independent studies1 and two overview reports1. The interim report prepared by OGA (published on 1 November 2019) concludes that it is not currently possible to predict with certainty the maximum magnitude of seismic events of UK hydraulic fracturing operations1. Specifically, the OGA’s report3 states that ‘the possibility of larger [seismic] events could not be excluded, and these could cause damage and disturbance unacceptable under the current BEIS policy guidance’. The overarching implications of the report are that the methods for predicting maximum magnitude cannot be relied on with certainty and further research is required to have confidence in future predictions. The topic of uncertainty of making reliable predictions of maximum magnitude was identified and discussed at this inaugural integration event. As such, the Challenge 1 team will work with the other academics and researchers across all Challenges to identify where additional research could be carried out, supported by the Challenge 1 flexible fund, to address this uncertainty. Furthermore, research into potential cumulative impacts and communication and language challenges around induced seismicity will become foci for future flexible fund projects

Interaction of detergents and disinfectants upon surface adhered populations of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes

The primary aim of this investigation was to identify and assess the interactions (synergies and antagonisms) that exist between 20 minute detergent and 5 minute disinfectant treatments upon three factory isolated strains of surface adhered (1-hour attached) and surface adapted (24-hour biofilm) populations of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, plus a comparison with vero-toxin producing strains of E. coli, when used as part of a cleaning and disinfection regime. The detergents chosen for assessment were two non-ionic (91/4 - Alcohol Ethoxylate and KCL5 - Polyethoxylated Alcohol), two anionic (LX28 - Sodium Lauryl Sulphate and Nec28 - Sodium Laurylether Sulphate) and two novel bismuth thiols (BisEDT - 1:1 Bismuth nitrate 1,2-ethanedithiol and BisTOL - 2:1 Bismuth nitrate 3,4-dimercaptotoluene), developed at Winthrop University Hospital, New York. The disinfectants chosen for assessment were a quaternary ammonium compound (BAC - Benzyl alkonium Chloride) and a chlorine releasing agent (NaDCC - Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate). The investigation showed that there were no specific cleaning and disinfection regimes that will adequately target both E. coli and L. monocytogenes strains. It was also concluded that to maximise the removal and disinfection of persistent strains of a given microorganism, it may be necessary to design a regime to specifically target not just the species, but the strain involved and where possible requires mechanical cleaning. The novel bismuth thiols were seen to be promising detergents to aid in the removal of E. coli strains and warrant further attention for future studies. Finally, an investigation to identify possible mechanisms of resistance to disinfectant treatments following detergent treatment, showed that different detergents can induce expression of the stress response proteins, HSP60 and HSP70, at differing levels of expression after the same contact time and against different states of adherent populations, i.e. 1-hour attached or 24-hour biofilm populations.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

The effect of combined clove and cinnamon extracts on growth and survival of escherichia fergusonii and salmonella typhimurium in milk pre and post fermentation

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Fortune Journals. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://www.fortunejournals.com/journal-of-food-science-and-nutrition-research-home-fjfsnr.phpThe antimicrobial activities of extracts of clove buds (CL) and cinnamon bark (CE) were investigated individually and in combination in fermenting and fermented full cream milk against Escherichia fergusonii and Salmonella typhimurium. Clove and cinnamon were extracted for their essential oils (EOs) and eugenol and cinnamaldehyde were the major components representing 60-80% of the total oils Preheated milk was inoculated with 1% (v/v) of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (NCIMB 11778) and Streptococcus thermophilus (NCIMB 10387) and incubated at 25 or 37oC for 24 h. E. fergusonii or S. typhimurium (3 x 105 CFU/mL) were introduced into the milk pre - or post-fermentation. CL and CE were added at the same time as the pathogens based on their Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of 0.25% for both pathogens as follows: CL and CE at 0.25% each alone; 0.0625% CL/0.1875% CE; 0.125% CL/ 0.125% CE; and 0.1875% CL/0.0625% CE. When added at the start of fermentation at 25oC, the CL and CE combinations inhibited the growth of E. fergusonii, and S. typhimurium, whereas at 37oC and associated with more rapid and higher acidification, the CL and CE combinations showed a marked antimicrobial activity against both pathogens. In post fermentation inoculated milk, survival of E. fergusonii and S. typhimurium was reduced by all CL and/ or CE treatments and were undetectable in samples containing 0.0625% CE with 0.1875% CL and 0.1875% CE with 0.0625% CL within 48 to 72 h of storage. The extent of the effect was most marked in the samples fermented at 37oC compared to 25oC and related to the pH after fermentation of 4.2 ±0.2 and 5.0 ±0.2 respectively. The use of these extracts both during fermentation and storage have the potential to enhance the microbiological safety of these products

A study of the antimicrobial activity of combined black pepper and cinnamon essential oils against Escherichia fergusonii in traditional African yoghurt

© 2021 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10112847The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of black pepper (BPE) and cinnamon bark (CE) extracts against E. fergusonii was assessed in pasteurized full cream milk during and post-fermentation. The milk was fermented with 1% (v/v) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (NCIMB 11778) and Streptococcus thermophilus (NCIMB 10387) (approx. 106 cfu/mL each) and incubated and stored at 25 °C for 5 days (144 h) or at 43 °C for 24 h and then stored at 25 °C for 120 h. The milk was spiked with E. fergusonii at the start of fermentation by the lactic acid bacteria (pre-fermentation contamination) for after fermentation (post fermentation contamination). BPE and CE were applied at concentrations based on their minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5% and 0.25% respectively as follows: 0.5% BPE alone; 0.125% BPE with 0.1875% CE; 0.25% BPE with 0.125% CE; 0.375% BPE with 0.0625% CE; 0.25% CE alone. Results showed that during fermentation at 25 °C, E. fergusonii grew to a similar level (approx. 109 CFU/mL) in control samples and 108 CFU/mL when BPE or CE were added alone. Whereas, in the samples with the combined essential oils, the bacterium grew to 106–107 CFU/mL only. During the milk fermentation at 43 °C, E. fergusonii grew to approx. 109 CFU/mL in samples without treatment. However, it was not detected in samples containing mixed BPE with CE after 8, 10 and 12 h of fermentation. Subsequent storage at 25 °C resulted in undetectable levels of the bacterium in all the samples treated with BPE or CE after 24 h of storage. These results indicated that BPE in combination with CE reduced growth during fermentation and was bactericidal during storage