Cantos De Anúncio E Corte De Dendropsophus Nanus (boulenger, 1889) (anura: Hylidae) De Sua Localidade Tipo (resistencia Argentina)

Dendropsophus nanus was described from Resistencia, Argentina. The species distribution is widespread in South America east of the Andes. Despite its wide distribution, little information about its advertisement call is available in the literature. Call descriptions from type localities are especially important for the resolution of taxonomic issues, as well as for intraspecific comparisons. Herein we describe the advertisement and the male courtship calls of D. nanus from its type locality. The advertisement call of D. nanus is composed of two types of pulsed notes, herein referred to as “note A” (long note) and “note B” (short note), both with similar dominant frequencies, but different durations. The courtship call is formed by notes that are similar to notes A of the advertisement call, but emitted at lower amplitude. Previous studies demonstrated that the complex call of Eleutherodactylus coqui and Geocrinia victoriana convey separated messages to male and female. Although several previous experiments have been conducted to assess the acoustic interactions of some species of Dendropsophus, more studies are necessary to understand the functions of the two notes of the advertisement call of D. nanus and the calls of other species of the D. microcephalus group. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.16

Visual And Acoustic Communication In The Brazilian Torrent Frog, Hylodes Asper (anura: Leptodactylidae)

We studied the signaling, territorial, and courtship behaviors of the diurnal frog Hylodes asper. Visual and acoustic communication were used during intraspecific interactions involving males, females, and subadults. Hylodes asper has a complex visual communication system, of which foot-flagging is the most distinctive display observed in the repertoire of visual signals. The splash zone produced by the waterfalls and torrents creates a high, nearly constant, humidity near the streams, reducing the risk of desiccation which enables the diurnal activity of H. asper. Although the ambient sound pressure levels (SPL), measured at the calling sites, are similar to the SPL of the advertisement calls, the high-pitched calls of H. asper are spectrally different from the noise produced by the water current. Thus, the ambient noise produced by the water current may not interfere significantly with the acoustic communication of this species. The noise and the nearly constant and high humidity produced by the torrents and waterfalls, along with the availability of light, probably favored the evolution of contrasting colors and visual communication in H. asper. Males of H. asper excavate underwater chambers that are probably used to shelter the eggs and to prevent the clutch from being drifted downstream.553324333Cardoso, A.J., Haddad, C.F.B., Variabilidade acústica em diferentes populações e interações agressivas de hyla minuta (amphibia, anura) (1984) Ciência e Cultura, 36, pp. 1393-1399Castanho, L.M., (1994) História Natural de Phyllomedusa Distincta, Na Mata Atlântica Do Município de Sete Barras, Estado de São Paulo (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae), , M.S. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilDavison, G.W.H., Foot-flagging display in Bornean frogs (1984) Sarawak Museum Journal, 33, pp. 177-178Dubois, A., Martens, J., A case of possible vocal convergence between frogs and a bird in Himalayan torrents (1984) Journal für Ornithologie, 125, pp. 455-463Duellman, W.E., Truee, L., (1986) Biology of Amphibians, , McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, U.S.ADurant, P., Dole, J.W., Aggressive behavior in Colostethus (= Prostherapis) collaris (Anura: Dendrobatidae) (1975) Herpetologica, 31, pp. 23-26Faria, D.M., Casais, L.L., Silva, E., Rodrigues, M.T., (1993) Nota Sobre a Reprodução de Hylodes Phyllodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae), p. 150. , Livro de resumos, 3° Congresso Latino-Americano de Herpetologia, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilFrost, D.R., Amphibian species of the world (1985) A Taxonomic and Geographical Reference, , Allen Press and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.AGerhardt, H.C., Communication and the environment (1983) Animal Behaviour, Vol. 2: Communication, 2, pp. 82-113. , T. R. Halliday and P. J. B. Slater (Eds.), W. H. Freeman, New York, New York, U.S.AGiaretta, A.A., Bokermann, W.C.A., Haddad, C.F.B., A review of the genus Megaelosia (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with a description of a new species (1993) Journal of Herpetology, 27, pp. 276-285Gouvêa, H., Uma nova espécie de elosiineo da serra do itatiaia (amphibia, anura, leptodactylidae) (1979) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 39, pp. 855-859Haddad, C.F.B., Pombal J.P., Jr., Bastos, R.P., New species of Hylodes from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) (1996) Copeia, 1996, pp. 965-969Haddad, C.F.B., Sazima, I., Anfibios anuros da serra do japi (1992) História Natural Da Serra Do Japi: Ecologia e Preservação de Uma Área Florestal No Sudeste Do Brasil, pp. 188-211. , L. P. C. Morellato (Ed.), Editora da UNICAMP/FAPESP, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilHarding, K.A., Courtship display in a Bornean frog (1982) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95, pp. 621-624Heyer, W.R., Two new species of the frog genus Hylodes from Caparaó, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) (1982) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95, pp. 377-385Heyer, W.R., Cocroft, R.B., Descriptions of two new species of Hylodes from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) (1986) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, pp. 100-109Heyer, W.R., Rand, A.S., Cruz, C.A.G., Peixoto, O.L., Nelson, C.E., Frogs of Boracéia (1990) Arquivos de Zoologia, São Paulo, 31, pp. 231-410Hödl, W., Rodrigues, M.T., Acçaçio, G.M., Lara, P.H., Pavan, D., Schiesari, L.C., Skuk, G., (1997) Foot-flagging Display in the Brazilian Stream-breeding Frog Hylodes Asper (Leptodactylidae), , Austrian Federal Institut of Scientific Film (ÖWF), Vienna, Austria. [Film Ctf 2703]Lehner, P.N., (1979) Handbook of Ethological Methods, , Garland STPM Press, New York, New York, U.S.ALindquist, E.D., Hetherington, T.E., Field studies on visual and acoustic signaling in the "earless" Panamanian golden frog, Atelopus zeteki (1996) Journal of Herpetology, 30, pp. 347-354Martins, M., Biologia reprodutiva de leptodactylus fuscus em boa vista, roraima (amphibia, anura) (1988) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 48, pp. 969-977Observations on the reproductive behaviour in the Smith frog, Hyla faber (1993) Herpetological Journal, 3, pp. 31-34Martins, M., Pombal J.P., Jr., Haddad, C.F.B., Escalated aggressive behaviour and facultative parental care in the nest building gladiator frog, Hyla faber (1998) Amphibia-Reptilia, 19, pp. 65-73Pombal J.P., Jr., Sazima, I., Haddad, C.F.B., Breeding behavior of the pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus ephippium (Brachycephalidae) (1994) Journal of Herpetology, 28, pp. 516-519Richards, S.J., James, C., (1992) Foot-Flagging Displays of Some Australian Frogs Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32, p. 302Vielliard, J.M.E., Cardoso, A.J., Adaptações de sinais sonoros de anfibios e aves a ambientes de riachos com corredeiras (1996) Herpetologia Neotropical: Actas del II Congreso Latinoamerieano de Herpetología, 2, pp. 97-119. , J. E. Pefaur (Ed.), Univ. de Los Andes, Consejo de Publ., Consejo de Desarrolo Cientifico, Humanistico y Tecnologico, Merida, VenezuelaWells, K.D., Social behavior and communication of a dendrobatid frog (Colostethus trinitatis) (1980) Herpetologica, 36, pp. 189-199The effect of social interactions on anuran vocal behavior (1988) The Evolution of the Amphibian Auditory System, pp. 433-454. , B. Fritzsch, M. J. Ryan, W. Wilezynsky, T. E. Hetherington, and W. Walkowiak (Eds.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, U.S.AWeygoldt, P., Carvalho E Silva, S.P., Mating and oviposition in the hylodine frog Crossodactylus gaudichaudii (Anura: Leptodactylidae) (1992) Amphibia-Reptilia, 13, pp. 35-45Winter, J., Macdonald, R., Eungella: The land of the cloud (1986) Australian Natural History, 22, pp. 39-43Zar, J.H., (1996) Biostatistical Analysis, 3rd Ed., , Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, U.S.

First Record Of Pseudopaludicola Pocoto Magalhães, Loebmann, Kokubum, Haddad & Garda, 2014 (anura, Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) In Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil, With Further Data On Its Advertisement Call

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)We report the first record of Pseudopaludicola pocoto from Bahia state, Brazil. In addition to the new distributional record, which fill gaps in the species distribution, new data and brief comments on its advertisement call are also provided. We also provide a map of the localities reported in the literature. © 2017 Check List and Authors.131300903/2015-4, AAG, Australian Association of GerontologyAPQ-01724-14, FAPEMIG, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisAPQ-01796-15, CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFUNARPEQ 10609, Funarbe, Fundação Arthur BernardesConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Systematics of the Neotropical Genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the Relevance of Non-molecular Evidence, and Species Accounts

A phylogeny of the species-rich clade of the Neotropical frog genus Leptodactylus sensu stricto is presented on the basis of a total evidence analysis of molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and non-molecular (adult and larval morphological and behavioral characters) sampled from > 80% of the 75 currently recognized species. Our results support the monophyly of Leptodactylus sensu stricto, with Hydrolaetare placed as its sister group. The reciprocal monophyly of Hydrolaetare and Leptodactylus sensu stricto does not require that we consider Hydrolaetare as either a subgenus or synonym of Leptodactylus sensu lato. We recognize Leptodactylus sensu stricto, Hydrolaetare, Adenomera, and Lithodytes as valid monophyletic genera. Our results generally support the traditionally recognized Leptodactylus species groups, with exceptions involving only a few species that are easily accommodated without proposing new groups or significantly altering contents. The four groups form a pectinate tree, with the Leptodactylus fuscus group diverging first, followed by the L. pentadactylus group, which is sister to the L. latrans and L. melanonotus groups. To evaluate the impact of non-molecular evidence on our results, we compared our total evidence results with results obtained from analyses using only molecular data. Although non-molecular evidence comprised only 3.5% of the total evidence matrix, it had a strong impact on our total evidence results. Only one species group was monophyletic in the molecular-only analysis, and support differed in 86% of the 54 Leptodactylus clades that are shared by the results of the two analyses. Even though no non-molecular evidence was included for Hydrolaetare, exclusion of that data partition resulted in that genus being nested within Leptodactylus, demonstrating that the inclusion of a small amount of non-molecular evidence for a subset of species can alter not only the placement of those species, but also species that were not scored for those data. The evolution of several natural history and reproductive traits is considered in the light of our phylogenic framework. Invasion of rocky outcrops, larval oophagy, and use of underground reproductive chambers are restricted to species of the Leptodactylus fuscus and L. pentadactylus groups. In contrast, larval schooling, larval attendance, and more complex parental care are restricted to the L. latrans and L. melanonotus groups. Construction of foam nests is plesiomorphic in Leptodactylus but their placement varies extensively (e.g., underground chambers, surface of waterbodies, natural or excavated basins). Information on species synonymy, etymology, adult and larval morphology, advertisement call, and geographic distribution is summarized in species accounts for the 30 species of the Leptodactylus fuscus group, 17 species of the L. pentadactylus group, eight species of the L. latrans group, and 17 species of the L. melanonotus group, as well as the three species that are currently unassigned to any species group.Se presenta una filogenia del género Leptodactylus, un ciado neotropical rico en especies, basada en análises combinados de datos moleculares (marcadores nuclear y mitocondriales) y no moleculares (caracteres de la morfología de adultos y larvas así como de comportamiento) se muestrearon > 80% de las 75 especies reconocidas. Los resultados apoyan la monofília de Leptodactylus sensu stricto, con Hydrolaetare como su grupo hermano. La monofília recíproca de Hydrolaetare y Leptodactylus no requiere considerar a Hydrolaetare como un subgénero o sinónimo de Leptodactylus sensu lato. Se reconocen Leptodactylus sensu stricto, Hydrolaetare, Adenomera y Lithodytes como géneros monofiléticos válidos. Los resultados en general resuelven los grupos tradicionalmente reconocidos de Leptodactylus, con excepciones de algunas especies que son reasignadas sin la necesidad de proponer nuevos grupos o alterar significativamente el contenido de los grupos tradicionales. Los cuatro grupos de especies forman una topología pectinada donde el grupo de L. fuscus tiene una posición basal, seguido por el grupo de L. pentadactylus que es el grupo hermano al clado formado por los grupo de L. latrans y L. melanonotus. Se estimó el impacto de los datos no moleculares en los resultados, comparándose los resultados de evidencia total con los de los análises de datos moleculares solamente. Los datos no moleculares representan un 3.5% de la matriz de evidencia total, pero estos datos tuvieron un impacto significativo en los resultados del análisis de evidencia total. En el análisis estrictamente molecular solamente un grupo de especies resultó monofilético, y el apoyo difirió en 86% de los 54 ciados de Leptodactylus compartidos entre los dos análises. A pesar que datos no moleculares no fueron incluidos para Hydrolaetare, la exclusión de evidencia no molecular resultó en el género estar dentro de Leptodactylus, demostrando que la inclusión de evidencia no molecular pequeña para un subgrupo de especies altera no solamente la posición topológica de esas especies, sino tambien de las especies para las cuales dichos datos no fueron codificados. La evolución de patrones de historia natural y reprodución se evalúan en el contexto filogenético. La invasión de afloramientos rocosos y la construción de cámaras de reprodución subterraneas está limitada a los grupos de Leptodactylus fuscus y L. pentadactylus, mientras que la oofagia larval está restringida al grupo de L. pentadactylus. Por otro lado, los cárdumenes larvales, la proteción del cárdumen, y otros comportamientos parentales complejos carecterizan al clado formado por los grupos de especies de L. latrans y L. melanonotus. Los resúmenes de especies incluyen información de sinonimias, etimología, morfología de adultos y larvas, cantos, y distribución geográfica para las 30 especies del grupo de Leptodactylus fuscus, 17 especies del grupo L. pentadactylus, ocho especies del grupo de L. latrans, 17 especies del grupo de L. melanonotus, así como para las tres especies que actualmente no se encuentran asociadas a ninguno de los grupos de especies.Taran Grant was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Proc. 307001/2011-3 and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Proc. 2012/10000-5