An investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of wings having vortex flow using different numerical codes

Three different numerical codes are employed to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of wings with separation induced vortex flows. Both flat as well as cambered wings of various planform shapes are studied. The effects of wing thickness, fuselage, notch ratio and multiple vortex modeling on aerodynamic performance of the wing are also examined. The theoretically predicted results are compared with experimental results to validate the various computer codes used in this study. An analytical procedure for designing aerodynamically effective leading edge extension (LEE) for a thick delta wing is also presented

An analytical design procedure for the determination of effective leading edge extensions on thick delta wings

An analytical design procedure for leading edge extensions (LEE) was developed for thick delta wings. This LEE device is designed to be mounted to a wing along the pseudo-stagnation stream surface associated with the attached flow design lift coefficient of greater than zero. The intended purpose of this device is to improve the aerodynamic performance of high subsonic and low supersonic aircraft at incidences above that of attached flow design lift coefficient, by using a vortex system emanating along the leading edges of the device. The low pressure associated with these vortices would act on the LEE upper surface and the forward facing area at the wing leading edges, providing an additional lift and effective leading edge thrust recovery. The first application of this technique was to a thick, round edged, twisted and cambered wing of approximately triangular planform having a sweep of 58 deg and aspect ratio of 2.30. The panel aerodynamics and vortex lattice method with suction analogy computer codes were employed to determine the pseudo-stagnation stream surface and an optimized LEE planform shape

Thermodynamic analysis of gravitational field equations in Lyra manifold

Considering the Einstein field equations in Lyra manifold, and applying the unified first law of thermodynamics as well as the Clausius relation to the apparent horizon of FRW universe, we find the entropy of apparent horizon in Lyra manifold. In addition, the validity of second law of thermodynamics and its generalized form are also studied. Finally, we use the first law of thermodynamics in order to find the horizon entropy of static spherically symmetric spacetimes. Some results of considering (anti)de-Sitter and Schwarzschild metrics have also been addressed.Comment: Accepted by AHE

Generalized second law of thermodynamics in modified FRW cosmology with corrected entropy-area relation

Using the corrected entropy-area relation motivated by the loop quantum gravity, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in the framework of modified FRW cosmology. We consider a non-flat universe filled with an interacting viscous dark energy with dark matter and radiation. The boundary of the universe is assumed to be the dynamical apparent horizon. We find out that the generalized second law is always satisfied throughout the history of the universe for any spatial curvature regardless of the dark energy model.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letter

Comparative study of the role of expert and non-expert librarians, to attract users, public libraries and public libraries of Tehran Municipality Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran

Objective: A comparative study of the role of expert and non-expert librarians to attract users, public libraries and public libraries of Tehran Municipality Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran, is in 1395.Research Methodology: This study is functional and causal-comparative. A questionnaire was used for data collection. According to methods of sampling and Morgan table from among 33 users of public libraries and covered by the Art and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality, the 6 districts of Tehran and using simple random sampling of 548 of the users as the sample were chosen.Findings: The results show that, compared to professional librarians in non-specialist librarians, in terms of how to respond 93/7 percent and 88/8 percent in terms of how service users in how to deal with 45/28 percent , better and more effective role to play. There is a significant difference in the level of error of 1%.Originality/value: In today's world, attracting the users, to study in libraries has gained momentum. This issue has caused librarians to attract users, the libraries have a sense of responsibility. Therefore, to further improve this problem, it should be a quantitative index, turned.Keywords: Professional librarians, librarians lay, attract users, public libraries Cultural Organization, the Tehran municipalit