Dietary Administration of Yeast β 1,3 1,6 Glucan on Immunity and Survival Rate of White Indian Shrimp, Fennerpenaeus indicus Challenged with White Spot Syndrome Disease

The potency of dietary β 1,3 1,6 glucan (BG), derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in stimulating the non-specific immunity of white Indian shrimp, Fennerpenaeus indicus (Milne-Edwards, 1837) and improving its resistance to white spot syndrome disease were investigated. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g) were fed for 20 days on a series of treatment diets containing graded levels of BG (blank control, 0 as control, 2, 10, 20 g kg-1 feed) and were then challenged by injection of WSSV virus. Total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), phagocytic activity (PA) and Bacterial Clearance activity (BC) were measured at days 0, 7, 14, 21 after BG feeding, and shrimp survival rate was also recorded daily after challenge. THC, TPP, PA and BC of the 10 and 20 g kg-1 BG treatments were significantly higher (P<0.05) by day 14 than control and 2 g kg-1 treatment shrimp. Survival rate of shrimp fed with the diet containing 10 and 20 g kg-1 BG after 21 days, were 53.32±5.77 and 48.32±5.77%, respectively. Accordingly, oral administration of BG at an optimal level of 10 g kg-1 diet for 20 days efficaciously stimulate the immune defense and improve the survival rate of WSV-infected F. indicus

Improvement and monitoring of health, pollutants and quality of water

This study was a part of the national big plan of "Attain to technical knowledge of specific pathogen free shrimp production and cut off to dependence on foreign products. "Shrimp aquaculture as one of the most important activities in the world and Iran is expanding. Bacteria and fungi of the most common infectious agents causing diseases are in the hatchery and shrimp. The most important bacteria causing diseases in the hatcheries and shrimp Farms, bacteria are Vibrionaceae family. The fungi can be identified as Fusarium, Mucor, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and yeast. Utilized of water supply system in this project for breeding and reproduction of shrimp is a controlled system. This system acts as a part of biological security. Incoming water before the utilization was monitored for the total bacteria count, fungi and as well as Vibrionaceae family, each 15 days. If contamination is too predictable, additional tests and necessary treatments were carried out to improve the quality of the water. The water, after use in the system and after passing through the filtration system, was guided out. The frequencies of water and sediment sampling were once per month. The water samples for analysis of heavy metals and PAHs were fixed by HNO3 and H2SO4 (pH0.05). There were 17 compounds of PAHs detected in the samples. The samples were calculated using (low molecular/high molecular) PAHs ratio (LMW/HMW) to determine the sources of PAHs. The value of less than 1 is the pyrolytic sources and more than 1, consist of petrogenic sources. In this research LMW/HMW ratio was less than one. On the other hand PAHs of sediments had pyrolytic sources

A survey on effects of shrimp aquaculture on the coastal waters of Bushehr (Helleh region)

This survey was designed in the Helleh and Delvar regions, to understand effects of aquaculture industry on coastal waters of Bushehr, in 2003. In Delvar region, five stations were selected comprise; effluent canals of Delvar 18 and 14, sea (south and north of site), influent water (Piyazi bay). In Helleh region, two stations; effluent canal and Ramleh bay were selected. Sediment and water samples were collected from effluent canal, influent canal and sea during the 9 month period (before until after culture season). The variations of selected water quality parameters were controlled monthly. Results show that, the maximum amount of ammonium in Helleh region was 0.33 mg/lit and in regions of Delvar 18 and 14 were 0.19, 0.20 mg/lit. However the maximum amounts of phosphate in Helleh region was 0.26 mg/lit and in regions of Delvar 18 and 14 were 0.24, 0.23 mg/lit. Correlation coefficients assess between phosphate concentration of effluent canal and sea station (gate of Ramleh) in Helleh region was r=0.91 (α=0.01). Also correlation coefficient

Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus

In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus

Partial harvesting from intensive shrimp (penaeusvannamei) culture pond in helle site

In this investigation, were examined the effect of partial harvesting on optimal management of shrimp culture. In order to achieve to the purpose 6Pool0.4/hectare was selected. Three pool with density Twenty-five per sq. m as a witness and another three pond by density fifty per sq. m as the test sample were storage. Based on the results of biometry and biomass estimates of pool was calculated and provided amounts daily meals for shrimps. The first harvest took place after a period of120 days from the test pools .Average of harvest from pools B4, B6 and B7, was determined respectively, 1373,1365 and 1105kg. Second harvest from treatment poolsB4, B6andB7were determined, respectively, 1663, 1748 and1783kg. Final harvests from the pools were after 150 day. Harvest average from control pools B1, B2 and B3 was calculated and estimated respectively, 1824, 2000 and 1685 kg. The Average of FCR was calculated 1.51 in control samples. In general, the average of feed conversion rate of the treatment samples were calculated 1.51.We did not see the difference between FCR of control and test samples. According to the project's achievements, we can say, partial harvesting has an important role to increased productivity of shrimp farms in Helleh site from Bushehr Province

(Fenneropenaeus indicus) study on protozoa emerging diseases of shrimp

Certain diseases such as bacterial , viruses, parasirtic ones Protozoa parasites Could severe mortalities in farmed shrimp last decades. Two hundred and seventy Fenneropenaeus indicus with the weight of 10± 1.09 were selected, transferred to Iran Shrimp Center and distributed to the treatmentsand controls (3 groups). The objective of our study was to describe the signs, prevalence, and intensity of Hemocytosis, a new disease in shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus. The experimental design included three groups, one treatment as infected shrimp or group B and 2 controls with non-infected but exposure to White Spot Syndrom Virus (WSSV) shrimp as group A and non-infected non- exposure to WSSV shrimp as group C in triplicate. The results revealed that Hemocytosis associated with a decrease in hyalinocytes and large-granulocytes (less than 8%) and a considerable increase in semi-granulocytes in group A and B in contrast to group C that Hyalinocyte increased. This infection made the shrimp susceptible to WSSV disease. It is believed that Hemocytosis causes a condition which can result in a rapid mortality among susceptible species, F. indicus when exposure to WSSV is occurred

Study on health and Immunity index of vaccinated Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot virus disease

In this study, the inhibitory effect of Radio-Vaccine against white spot disease on white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was studied. This vaccine was prepared by Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. 14,000 L. vannamei postlarvae were used in treatments after adaptation. Eight treatments, four positive and two negative controls were considered in triplicate. Initially, three meals a day for a month in the hours of 8, 16 and 24 were feeding. Three times in day at 8, 16 and 24 clock were feeding in first mount. Waste food and fecal remaining in the tanks were removed. In the second and third months of treatment, feeding frequency increased to three and four times in day which is at 6, 18 and 24 were given concentrate feed and Artemia nauplii at 12 clocks. Vaccination was carried out by immersion. Vaccination was performed in two doses with an interval of 10 to 14 days. For biometric testing and evaluation of immune cells throughout the experiment, three samples were taken randomly from the tanks. To assess the health status of shrimp, indices of Total Hemocyte Count and Total Plasma Protein was determined. Phagocytic activity of hemocytes was evaluated to assess immune setuation of shrimps. The results of this study showed that the shrimp immune system, as in many reports, the effect of recombinant vaccines and passive safety in memory as "Alternative adaptive immune responses" after experimental infection of white spot virus (WSSV) in wild and farmed shrimp is confirmed, will respond to vaccination against white spot disease

Microbial agents of water (bacterial, viral and fungi) in specific pathogen free shrimps producing

Shrimp aquaculture as one of the most important activities in the world and Iran is expanding. Bacteria and fungi of the most common infectious agents causing diseases are in the hatchery and shrimp. The most important bacteria causing diseases in the hatcheries and shrimp Farms, bacteria are Vibrionaceae family. The fungi can be identified as Fusarium, Mucor, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and yeast. Utilized of water supply system in this project for breeding and reproduction of shrimp is a controlled system. The purpose of this action, control and stabilization of water quality during the breeding period and in all sectors. This system act as a part of biological security. Incoming water before the utilization was monitored for the total bacteria count, fungi and as well as Vibrionaceae family, each 15 days. If contamination is too predictable, additional tests and necessary treatments were carried out to improve the quality of the water. The water, after use in the system and after passing through the filtration system, was guided out

Identification and Histopathological Study of Trematode, Gonapodasmius epinepheli in Orange Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides (First report from Persian Gulf, Iran)

Gonapodasmius epinepheli, a didymozoid trematode, was found in orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides, Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822), in Khark Island coastal area in Persian Gulf, Iran. The Gonapodasmius epinepheli encysted on gills in primary lamellae. Histopathological serial sections revealed that larvae were mainly embedded under the gill epithelium and eggs of the parasite were disseminated in some organs such as gill epithelium and uterus lumen. Pathological changes and host response were primary reduction and destruction of secondary lamellae. Various stages of the life cycle of this parasite were discussed in this study