Periodontal status of HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy compared to HIV-therapy naive patients: a case control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although severe oral opportunistic infections decreased with the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, periodontitis is still a commonly described problem in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of the present investigation was to determine possible differences in periodontal parameters between antiretroviral treated and untreated patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study population comprised 80 patients infected with HIV divided into two groups. The first group was receiving antiretroviral therapy while the second group was therapy naive. The following parameters were examined: probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding score, periodontal screening index and the index for decayed, missed and filled teeth. A questionnaire concerning oral hygiene, dental care and smoking habits was filled out by the patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were no significant differences regarding the periodontal parameters between the groups except in the clinical marker for inflammation, the papilla bleeding score, which was twice as high (<it>P </it>< 0.0001) in the antiretroviral untreated group (0.58 ± 0.40 versus 1.02 ± 0.59). The participants of this investigation generally showed a prevalence of periodontitis comparable to that in healthy subjects. The results of the questionnaire were comparable between the two groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is no indication for advanced periodontal damage in HIV-infected versus non-infected patients in comparable age groups. Due to their immunodeficiency, HIV-infected patients should be monitored closely to prevent irreversible periodontal damage. Periodontal monitoring and early therapy is recommended independent of an indication for highly active antiretroviral therapy.</p

Die Biokompatibilität von Komposit-Kunststoffen

Komposit-Kunststoffe werden heute in einer Vielzahl von Fällen verwendet, zum Beispiel als Füllungsmaterialien, Stumpfaufbauwerkstoffe, Fissurenversiegler und Befestigungskomposite. Seit kurzem werden diese Werkstoffe auch als Wurzelkanalsealer von einigen Autoren empfohlen. Hinzu kommen Hilfsmittel, wie Säuren und Dentinadhäsive, die den Verbund zwischen Komposit-Kunststoff und Zahnhartsubstanzen verbessern sollen. Kompomere sind chemisch und biologisch den Komposit-Kunststoffen weitgehend ähnlich. Die Eignung zahnärztlicher Werkstoffe, wie von Komposit-Kunststoffen, basiert wissenschaftlich und juristisch im Wesentlichen auf ihrer Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit

Gesundheitsrisiken bei Füllungswerkstoffen

Der Begriff Risiko spielt eine immer größere Rolle in unserer Gesellschaft. Dabei ist die Risikowahrnehmung des Patienten intuitiv und basiert nicht auf Fakten, wie auch die Diskussion um das am besten biologisch untersuchte Füllungsmaterial Amalgam gezeigt hat. Das Gesundheitsrisiko auf dem Markt befindlicher Füllungswerkstoffe kann insgesamt als akzeptabel bewertet werden. Das bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass es zu keinen Nebenwirkungen kommen kann. Zahnärztliches Personal stellt insgesamt eine Risikogruppe dar. Systemische Beschwerden haben ihre Ursachen oftmals in nicht erkannten Allgemeinerkrankungen und als Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten. Allergien nehmen bei Kompositen/Adhäsiven an Bedeutung zu. Hier sind eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit dem Dermatologen/Allergologen und die Kenntnis der Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffes erforderlich. Reaktionen der Pulpa können in tiefen Kavitäten und bei eröffneter Pulpa auftreten; die Applikation eines Calciumhydroxidpräparates beugt dem vor. Postoperative Beschwerden lassen sich durch die strikte Verwendung von Adhäsiven weitgehend vermeiden

Genotoxic and mutagenic potential of camphorquinone in L5178/TK(+/-) mouse lymphoma cells

OBJECTIVES: Camphorquinone (CQ) is the most important photoinitiator used in dental composite resins. Sparse data indicate a mutagenic potential of CQ. Therefore, it was aim of this study to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CQ in L5178Y TK(+/-) mouse lymphoma cells. METHODS: L5178Y/TK(+/-) cells were exposed to different concentrations of non-irradiated CQ (0.25-2.5mM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by propidium iodide assay, determination of suspension growth rate, relative total growth and the mitotic index. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) were quantified by 2',7'-dichlorofluoresceine diacetate (DCFH-DA). Early induction of DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA base lesions was assessed using the 8-hydroxyguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 (hOGG1)-modified alkaline comet assay, whereas mutagenicity of CQ was determined in the mouse lymphoma TK assay (MLA), according to OECD Guideline No. 490. RESULTS: CQ (0.5-2.5mM) induced concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth associated with increased ROS/RNS production, amounting to 2342%+/-1108% of controls after 90min at 2.5mM. Additionally, CQ concentration-dependently caused direct DNA-damage, i.e. formation of DNA strand breaks and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Whereas the MLA indicated lack of mutagenicity of CQ after a 4h of treatment, CQ concentration-dependently increased total mutant frequency (MF) after 24h (about 2-fold at 2.5mM). But, based on the global evaluation factor concept, increase in MF did not reach biologically relevance. SIGNIFICANCE: CQ induced concentration-dependent, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in L5178Y/TK(+/-) cells, most likely due to oxidative stress, but without mediating obvious biological relevant mutagenicity

Multitalent Speichel

Speichel ist eine faszinierende Flüssigkeit mit hohem prophylaktischem und diagnostischem Potenzial. Das erste Symposium des Wrigley Oral Healthcare Program hat ihn unter die Lupe genommen

Cytotoxicity of precious and nonprecious alloys - Experimental comparison of In vitro data from two laboratories

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the reproducibility of cytotoxicity data generated in two different laboratories using the same testing protocols. A series of dental alloys that are widely used in both countries were chosen. These alloys (five precious, two nonprecious) were wet ground up to 1200 grit SiC, sterilized in 70% ethanol, and extracted in sterile culture medium for 7 days. Pure copper was used as a positive control and Teflon® and media only were used as negative controls. Test and control samples were randomized and blinded to each laboratory. Cells, primary human gingival fibroblasts, and immortalized 3T3 fibroblasts, were exposed to the extracts for 24 h. Extract cytotoxicity was evaluated spectrophotometrically with the use of a mitochondrial enzyme activity assay. Data were collected from both laboratories, combined, and subjected to a mixed-model analysis of variance. No statistical difference was obtained for the immortalized 3T3 cells, except for two extracts in which differences between the two labs were significant but were still not cytotoxic. Furthermore, no statistical differences were found for the primary cells. These data strongly suggest that cytotoxicity tests performed in different laboratories with the use of the same test materials may lead to comparable results if sample preparation, cells, test procedures, and data analyses are carefully considered. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Does inhibition of proteolytic activity improve adhesive luting?

Endogenous enzymes may be involved in the biodegradation of adhesive restoration-tooth interfaces. Inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested to retard the bond-degradation process. Limited data are available on whether composite cements may also benefit from MMP inhibitors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of two MMP inhibitors--chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and galardin--on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two self-adhesive composite cements to dentin. Ceramic specimens were cemented to bur-cut dentin surfaces using the self-adhesive composite cements RelyX Unicem 2 (3M ESPE) or Clearfil SA (Kuraray), or the etch-and-rinse composite cement Nexus 3 (Kerr) that served as the control. The surfaces were left untreated or were pretreated with MMP inhibitors (2% CHX or 0.2 mM galardin). The μTBS was determined 'immediately' and upon ageing (water storage for 6 months). Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of the factors 'composite cement' and 'storage', as well as all interactions, but no effect of the MMP inhibitors. After 6 months of ageing, the μTBS decreased for all cements, except for the multistep etch-and-rinse luting composite when it was applied without MMP inhibitors. The MMP inhibitors could not prevent the decrease in μTBS upon ageing and therefore do not improve the luting durability of the composite cements tested.status: publishe

Advances and New Technologies towards Clinical Application of Oral Stem Cells and Their Secretome

International audienc

Curing mode affects bond strength of adhesively luted composite CAD/CAM restorations to dentin

To determine the effect of curing mode and restoration-surface pre-treatment on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Curing mode affects bond strength of adhesively luted composite CAD/CAM restorations to dentin journaltitle: Dental Materials articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.11.016 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.status: publishe