Reinserimento degli spazi urbani di insediamenti precari (favelas) mediante il GIS

To maximize their reach and effectiveness, adoption of public policies for urban planning must be supported by techniques that allow the seizure and analysis of data relating to the territory where they apply these policies. The article exposes the Vila Viva program, established by the City Administration of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, proposing to integrate into the urban tissue consolidated informal settlements (a.k.a. slums) and that had their environmental studies supported intensively by GIS techniques. By combining information from different sources, these techniques enabled not oly the diagnosis of the slums, but also of the formal urban environments where they are located and which the policy seeks to integrate them into. The priorities for action were set up by combining technical criteria calibrated by the vision of a government policy that for eight years have been object of projects and works by the municipality. The paper compares the scenarios obtained in the original environmental study and the current reality, evaluating the results achieved in the proposed integration of slums and their effects on environmental quality.Per aumentare sia i risultati che l’efficacia, l’adozione di politiche pubbliche per la pianificazione urbana deve essere apoggiata da tecniche che permettano l’aquisizione e l’analisi dei dati relativi al territorio in cui si applicano. Questo articolo tratta del programma Vila Viva, creato dalla pubblica amministrazione del municipio di Belo Horizonte, Brasile, che si propone di integrare al tessuto della città tradizionale gli insediamenti urbani cosolidati e caratterizzati dalla presenza di popolazioni povere, le favelas, per le quali gli studi ambientali si basano sull´intenso utilizzo di tecniche GIS. Combinando le informazioni provenienti da fonti diverse, queste tecniche permettono non solo la diagnosi delle favelas, ma anche del contesto urbano locale nel quale si trovano inserite e con il quale le politiche pubbliche cercano um processo di integrazione. Le priorità alla base della proposta sono state create incrociando criteri tecnici calibrati da una politica pubblica specifica per le favelas che, durante otto anni, ha prodotto un numero significativo di progetti ed interventi. Questo lavoro mette a confronto gli scenari ottenuti nello studio ambientale all´epoca della loro realizzazione e la realtà attuale, la valutazione dei risultati raggiunti dal processo di integrazione proposto per le favelas cosí come gli effetti sulla qualità ambientale.

O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV) e seu potencial como ferramenta de planejamento

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T10:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 o_eiv_e_seu_potencial_como_ferramenta_de_planejamentorbano_freiregjm.pdf: 25529376 bytes, checksum: 30640353570a0b4438269c793c63e3c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 27Esta tese aborda o Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV), uma análise multidisciplinar normatizada pelo Estatuto da Cidade e necessária para a instalação de empreendimentos de impacto em meio urbano, buscando demonstrar aspectos que poderiam aumentar sua eficiência e utilidade para a sociedade e para o planejamento urbano. Nela, são apresentadas e discutidas as modalidades de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, seus conceitos e evolução histórica no Brasil e em outros países. Descreve-se o papel das AIA no planejamento urbano, a forma como o EIV se origina no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e se destina a garantir a qualidade de vida urbana, adaptando-se ao estudo de efeitos positivos e negativos de empreendimentos ou ações modificadoras sobre a população residente na área e suas proximidades. É destacado o papel autorizativo do EIV no Brasil e a forma como as AIA são utilizadas na Europa, associadas às ações de planejamento territorial. Os requisitos para a elaboração do EIV, previsto na legislação são analisados, considerando os tipos de empreendimentos aos quais se aplicam nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal e as diferenças entre as regulamentações municipais sobre a elaboração, conteúdo e análise do EIV, destacando-se ainda questões sobre a participação da população no processo de tomada de decisão. O trabalho apresenta metodologias que aumentam a qualidade do prognóstico e no diagnóstico do EIV e como o uso conjugado de técnicas de análise espacial, pesquisas de percepção e elaboração de cenários pode aumentar sua eficiência, avaliando formas de agregar resultados obtidos no EIV como elementos qualificadores de indicadores urbanos de qualidade e sustentabilidade. Exemplifica-se a aplicação das técnicas propostas, tomando como referência a Operação Urbana Consorciada Antônio Carlos / Pedro I / Leste-Oeste, em Belo Horizonte, mais especificamente, procura-se conhecer as relações antrópicas presentes no setor Lagoinha por meio da aplicação de pesquisa de percepção da população residente sobre aspectos relacionados à vizinhança, ao empreendimento e aos impactos esperados. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com aqueles apresentados no EIV realizado para o empreendimento e discutidos do ponto de vista territorial e apresentados sob a forma de índices qualificadores da vizinhança. Utilizam-se os impactos identificados na pesquisa como elementos para a elaboração de cenários retrospectivos.This thesis deals with Neighborhood Impact Study (EIV), a multidisciplinary analysis standardized by the City Statute and necessary for the installation of impact projects in urban areas, seeking to demonstrate aspects that could increase their efficiency and usefulness to society and to the urban planning. In it are presented and discussed the modalities for the Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA), their concepts and historical evolution in Brazil and other countries. It describes the role of AIA in urban planning, how the EIV originates in the Environmental Impact Assessment and is designed to ensure the quality of urban life, adapting himself to the study of positive and negative effects of projects or modifying actions on the resident population in the area and its vicinity. It highlights the preliminary authorization role of EIV in Brazil and how the AIA are used in Europe, associated with territorial planning actions. The legal requirements for the preparation of the EIV are analyzed, considering the types of projects to which they apply in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District and the differences between the municipal regulations for the preparation, content and analysis of EIV, highlighting still questions about public participation in the decision-making process. The study presents methodologies that increase the quality of the prognosis and diagnosis of EIV and how the combined use of spatial analysis techniques, perception surveys and scenario building can increase its efficiency, evaluating ways to add results of the EIV as qualifiers elements of urban indicators of quality and sustainability. The application of the proposed techniques is exemplified by means of analysis of the Urban Operation Antonio Carlos / Pedro I / Leste-Oeste, in Belo Horizonte, specifically looking to know the anthropogenic relationships present in Lagoinha sector through the application of perception survey of the resident population on issues related to the neighborhood, the enterprise and the expected impacts. The results are compared with those presented in EIV conducted for the project, discussed under the territorial point of view and presented in the form of neighborhood qualifying indexes. The impacts identified in the survey are used as elements for the elaboration of retrospective scenarios

Realidade Aumentada no ambiente do Patrimônio Histórico

The placement of elements that enhance the ambiance in assets and historic sites can serve to supply evidence to a greater understanding of the events associated with these sites. The functional organization grows in importance within the historic buildings, by the need to transmit the historical context of the time and the experience associated to the experience of the place. Technical augmented reality can simplify this transmission, valuing the equity and providing them with an overview of the proposed experiments. This paper discusses the technologies available and a methodological framework for the use of Augmented Reality in the context of historical heritage.A colocação de elementos que reforcem a ambientação em bens e sítios históricos pode servir ao fornecimento de elementos que permitam uma maior compreensão dos eventos associados a estes locais. A organização funcional cresce em importância no espaço das edificações históricas, pela necessidade de se transmitir o contexto histórico e a experiência da época associada à experiência do local. Técnicas de realidade aumentada podem simplificar esta transmissão, valorizando o patrimônio e dotando-o de uma perspectiva das experiências propostas. O presente trabalho discute as tecnologias disponíveis e um referencial metodológico para a utilização da Realidade Aumentada no contexto do patrimônio histórico

Street Art: Institutions, art and urban management in Brazil and Canada

Urban management requires the economic return on public investments and reduced maintenance costs. Street art is important for urban regeneration improving upon local sustainability or renewal of spaces. Programs that combine urban management with street art exist with similar characteristics in Brazil and Canada. The paper seeks to determine the conditions under which public institutions stimulate or favor artistic intervention in two communities with distinct characteristics - Belo Horizonte - Brazil and Toronto - Canada – looking for common grounds. In Belo Horizonte, it analyzes the actions of the Gentileza movement; in Toronto, the StreetARToronto (StART) program. Methodology uses interviews with program managers to understand and evaluate the investments, their distribution and the gains obtained from the interventions. Results are that both programs seek to reduce graffiti vandalism. At the same time, they create opportunities and spaces for the expansion and integration of the artistic community and res-idents, mediating conflicts, and creating local value by improving public areas. The Canadian program has structural advantages decisive for its current existence, while the Brazilian one is living a germinal moment; The use of its trans-forming potential and the necessary steps for its expansion can be observed in the Canadian experience. We conclude that the programs have similarities, but success is not automatic, and their existence and continuity depend on the work of all the partners engaged in the urban transformation through art.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.24.2020.7</p

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora