4,899 research outputs found
Last CPT-Invariant Hope for LSND Neutrino Oscillations
It is shown that the 99% confidence limits from the analyses of the data of
cosmological and neutrino experiments imply a small marginally allowed region
in the space of the neutrino oscillation parameters of 3+1 four-neutrino mixing
schemes. This region can be confirmed or falsified by experiments in the near
future.Comment: 6 pages, added predictions for neutrinoless double beta decay and
tritium experiment
Heavy pseudoscalar-meson decay constants with strangeness from the extended nonlocal chiral-quark model
We study the weak-decay constants for the heavy pseudoscalar mesons, D, Ds,
B, and Bs. For this purpose, we employ the extended nonlocal chiral-quark model
(ExNLChQM), motivated by the heavy-quark effective field theory as well as the
instanton-vacuum configuration. In addition to the heavy-quark symmetry and the
nonlocal interactions between quarks and pseudoscalar mesons in ExNLChQM, a
correction for the strange-quark content inside Ds and Bs is also taken into
account and found to be crucial to reproduce the empirical values. From those
numerical results, we obtain f_{D,Ds,B,Bs}=(207.53, 262.56, 208.13, 262.39)
MeV, which are in good agreement with experimental data and other theoretical
estimations. Using those numerical results, we compute the CKM matrix elements
and the Cabibbo angle, using various mesonic and leptonic heavy-meson decay
channels, resulting in
(|V_{cd}|,|V_{cs}|,|V_{ub}|,|V_{td}|/|V_{ts}|)=(0.224,0.968,<5.395*10^{-3},0.215)
and theta_C=12.36^o which are well compatible with available data.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett.
Diagnostic Potential of Cosmic-Neutrino Absorption Spectroscopy
Annihilation of extremely energetic cosmic neutrinos on the relic-neutrino
background can give rise to absorption lines at energies corresponding to
formation of the electroweak gauge boson . The positions of the
absorption dips are set by the masses of the relic neutrinos. Suitably intense
sources of extremely energetic ( -- -eV) cosmic neutrinos
might therefore enable the determination of the absolute neutrino masses and
the flavor composition of the mass eigenstates. Several factors--other than
neutrino mass and composition--distort the absorption lines, however. We
analyze the influence of the time-evolution of the relic-neutrino density and
the consequences of neutrino decay. We consider the sensitivity of the
lineshape to the age and character of extremely energetic neutrino sources, and
to the thermal history of the Universe, reflected in the expansion rate. We
take into account Fermi motion arising from the thermal distribution of the
relic-neutrino gas. We also note the implications of Dirac vs. Majorana relics,
and briefly consider unconventional neutrino histories. We ask what kinds of
external information would enhance the potential of cosmic-neutrino absorption
spectroscopy, and estimate the sensitivity required to make the technique a
reality.Comment: 25 pages, 26 figures (in 46 files), uses RevTe
Coherent pion production by neutrinos on nuclei
The main part of coherent pion production by neutrinos on nuclei is
essentially determined by PCAC, provided that the leptonic momentum transferred
square Q^2 remains sufficiently small. We give the formulas for the charged and
neutral current cross sections, including also the small non-PCAC transverse
current contributions and taking into account the effect of the \mu^- mass. Our
results are compared with the experimental ones and other theoretical
treatments.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
Neutrino Induced Coherent Pion Production off Nuclei and PCAC
We review the Rein--Sehgal model and criticize its use for low energy
neutrino induced coherent pion production. We have studied the validity of the
main approximations implicit in that model, trying to compare with physical
observables when that is possible and with microscopical calculations. Next, we
have tried to elaborate a new improved model by removing the more problematic
approximations, while keeping the model still reasonably simple. Last, we have
discussed the limitations intrinsic to any approach based on the partial
conservation of the axial current hypothesis. In particular, we have shown the
inability of such models to determine the angular distribution of the outgoing
pion with respect to the direction of the incoming neutrino, except for the
kinematical point.Comment: 19 latex pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Version accepted for publication
in Physical Review
Heavy Baryons in a Quark Model
A quark model is applied to the spectrum of baryons containing heavy quarks.
The model gives masses for the known heavy baryons that are in agreement with
experiment, but for the doubly-charmed baryon Cascade_{cc}, the model
prediction is too heavy. Mixing between the Cascade_Q and Cascade_Q^\prime
states is examined and is found to be small for the lowest lying states. In
contrast with this, mixing between the Cascade_{bc} and Cascade_{bc}^\prime
states is found to be large, and the implication of this mixing for properties
of these states is briefly discussed. We also examine heavy-quark spin-symmetry
multiplets, and find that many states in the model can be placed in such
multiplets. We compare our predictions with those of a number of other authors.Comment: Version published in International Journal of Modern Physics
Breakdown of PCAC in diffractive neutrino interactions
We test the hypothesis of partially conserved axial current (PCAC) in high
energy diffractive neutrino production of pions. Since the pion pole
contribution to the Adler relation (AR) is forbidden by conservation of the
lepton current, the heavier states, like the a_1 pole, \rho-\pi-cut, etc.,
control the lifetime of the hadronic fluctuations of the neutrino. We evaluate
the deviation from the AR in diffractive neutrino-production of pions on proton
and nuclear targets. At high energies, when all the relevant time scales
considerably exceed the size of the target, the AR explicitly breaks down on an
absorptive target, such as a heavy nucleus. In this regime, close to the black
disc limit, the off-diagonal diffractive amplitudes vanish, while the diagonal
one, \pi->\pi, which enters the AR, maximizes and saturates the unitarity
bound. At lower energies, in the regime of short lifetime of heavy hadronic
fluctuations the AR is restored, i.e. it is not altered by the nuclear effects.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Pertussis infection in fully vaccinated children in day-care centers, Israel.
We tested 46 fully vaccinated children in two day-care centers in Israel who were exposed to a fatal case of pertussis infection. Only two of five children who tested positive for Bordetella pertussis met the World Health Organization's case definition for pertussis. Vaccinated children may be asymptomatic reservoirs for infection
Bc spectroscopy in a quantum-chromodynamic potential model
We have investigated spectroscopy with the use of a
quantum-chromodynamic potential model which was recently used by us for the
light-heavy quarkonia. We give our predictions for the energy levels and the
1 transition widths. We also find, rather surprisingly, that although
is not a light-heavy system, the heavy quark effective theory with the
inclusion of the and corrections is as successful
for as it is for and .Comment: 10 page ReVTeX pape
Theoretical study of neutrino-induced coherent pion production off nuclei at T2K and MiniBooNE energies
We have developed a model for neutrino-induced coherent pion production off
nuclei in the energy regime of interest for present and forthcoming neutrino
oscillation experiments. It is based on a microscopic model for pion production
off the nucleon that, besides the dominant Delta pole contribution, takes into
account the effect of background terms required by chiral symmetry. Moreover,
the model uses a reduced nucleon-to-Delta resonance axial coupling, which leads
to coherent pion production cross sections around a factor two smaller than
most of the previous theoretical estimates. In the coherent production, the
main nuclear effects, namely medium corrections on the Delta propagator and the
final pion distortion, are included. We have improved on previous similar
models by taking into account the nucleon motion and employing a more
sophisticated optical potential. As found in previous calculations the
modification of the Delta self-energy inside the nuclear medium strongly
reduces the cross section, while the final pion distortion mainly shifts the
peak position to lower pion energies. The angular distribution profiles are not
much affected by nuclear effects. Nucleon motion increases the cross section by
15% at neutrino energies of 650 MeV, while Coulomb effects on charged pions are
estimated to be small. Finally, we discuss at length the deficiencies of the
Rein-Sehgal pion coherent production model for neutrino energies below 2 GeV,
and in particular for the MiniBooNE and T2K experiments. We also predict flux
averaged cross sections for these two latter experiments and K2K.Comment: 19 latex pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Minor changes. Version accepted
for publication in Physical Review
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