23 research outputs found
The Worlds which the Portuguese, the Russians and the Turks Created: Empires on Europe’s Periphery
The revealing analogies among the Portuguese, Russian, and Turko-Ottoman empires add analytical depth to our understanding of the evolution of modern world-system. The empires emerged simultaneously with capitalism and equally relied on the new power techniques of gunpower, bureaucracy, state control over trade, and official religion. Starting from the geopolitical margins of Anatolia, the Pyrenees, or Russian forests, the new empires soon achieved tremendous territorial gains and wealth. But after their first century of success, these empires came under the penetrating pressures of emergent capitalist forces (the Netherlands and later England).The empires reacted by selectively adopting the organizational and technological innovations of capitalism in the bouts of Absolutist reforms under Peter I, Pombal, or during the Tanzimat period. All three empires underwent another wave of modernizing efforts through the constitutionalist revolutions in 1905-1910 that nonetheless failed to prepare them for the military catastrophe of 1914. The developmentalist dictatorships of Salazar, AtatĂĽrk, and Stalin, for all their ideological differences, equally sought to strengthen the production bases under the conditions of state direction and economic autarchy. The global wave of democratic rebellions in 1968 undercut all three versions of developmentalism pushing the bureaucratic and capitalist elites in all three states to seek the preservation of their positions through European integration — whose outcome remains to be seen.La mise en Ă©vidence des analogies entre les empires portugais, russe et turc ottoman permet d’approfondir notre comprĂ©hension de l’évolution de l’organisation mondiale contemporaine. L’émergence des empires s’est faite simultanĂ©ment Ă celle du capitalisme, et ils ont reposĂ© de la mĂŞme façon sur les nouvelles techniques de pouvoir que sont la force des armes, la bureaucratie, le contrĂ´le de l’État sur le commerce et la religion officielle. Partant des frontières gĂ©opolitiques de l’Anatolie, des PyrĂ©nĂ©es ou des forĂŞts de Russie, les nouveaux empires ont très vite atteint une expansion territoriale et une richesse considĂ©rable. Pourtant, après un premier siècle couronnĂ© de succès, ils ont subi la pression envahissante des puissances capitalistes Ă©mergentes (les Pays-Bas et, plus tard, l’Angleterre).Ces empires ont rĂ©agi en adoptant de façon sĂ©lective les innovations techniques et organisationnelles du capitalisme au moment des rĂ©formes absolutistes de Pierre Ier, de Pombal, ou pendant la pĂ©riode du Tanzimat. Ils ont tous trois connu une autre vague d'efforts de modernisation Ă travers les rĂ©volutions constitutionnelles de 1905-1910 qui ne les ont pourtant pas prĂ©parĂ©s Ă la catastrophe militaire de 1914. Les dictatures dĂ©veloppementalistes de Salazar, AtatĂĽrk, et Staline, malgrĂ© toutes leurs diffĂ©rences idĂ©ologiques, s’efforçaient de la mĂŞme façon de renforcer les bases de production dans des conditions de direction de l’État et d’autarcie Ă©conomique. La vague mondiale de rĂ©bellions dĂ©mocratiques de 1968 a minĂ© ces trois versions du dĂ©veloppementalisme, poussant les Ă©lites bureaucratiques et capitalistes dans ces trois États Ă chercher Ă prĂ©server leur position Ă travers l’intĂ©gration europĂ©enne ‑ dont le rĂ©sultat reste Ă voir.O evidenciar das analogias entre o impĂ©rio portuguĂŞs, russo e turco otomano dá uma maior profundidade analĂtica Ă nossa compreensĂŁo da evolução do sistema mundial contemporâneo. Os impĂ©rios formaram-se simultaneamente com o capitalismo mas apostando tambĂ©m nos novos poderes tĂ©cnicos das armas de fogo, na burocracia, no controlo do estado sobre o comĂ©rcio, assim como na religiĂŁo oficial. Desde as margens geopolĂticas de AnatĂłlia, dos PirenĂ©us, ou das florestas russas, os novos impĂ©rios conquistaram rapidamente um territĂłrio imenso e tremendas riquezas. Mas apĂłs o seu primeiro sĂ©culo de ĂŞxitos, esses impĂ©rios foram submetidos Ă crescente pressĂŁo das forças capitalistas emergentes (os PaĂses Baixos e mais tarde a Inglaterra).Reagiram adoptando, de forma selectiva, as inovações do capitalismo ao nĂvel da organização e da tecnologia durante o perĂodo das reformas absolutistas sob o comando de Pedro I°, do marquĂŞs de Pombal ou durante o perĂodo do Tanzimat. Mais tarde, os trĂŞs tiveram que suportar outra vaga de esforços de modernização com as revoluções constitucionais entre 1905-1910, que no entanto falhou no que diz respeito Ă preparação Ă catástrofe militar de 1914. As ditaduras desenvolvimentistas de Salazar, AtatĂĽrk e Estaline, apesar de suas diferenças ideolĂłgicas, procuraram fortalecer as bases de produção em condição de supervisĂŁo do estado e de autarcia econĂłmica. A onda global de revoltas democráticas, em 1968, reduziu o peso dessas trĂŞs versões de desenvolvimentismo, ao empurrar as elites burocráticas e capitalistas desses trĂŞs estados para uma procura de preservação das suas posições atravĂ©s da integração europeia – cujas consequĂŞncias permanecem por definir
American Culture and Anti-Americanism in Russia
The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.The Slavic Center is organizing a symposium on “American
Culture and Anti-Americanism in Russia” to be held on 7
May 2004 from 2:30-5:00 at the Mershon Center. This
event is part of a series of symposia exploring the impact
of American culture on various regions of the world. Each
of the five area studies centers at OSU, in cooperating with
the Mershon Center, will host a meeting dealing with its
respective region. Last quarter the Middle East Center
organized such a symposium. This quarter the Slavic
Center invites a former diplomat, a sociologist, and a
political scientist to participate in a panel focused on the
impact of American culture on Russian culture and anti-
Americanism emerging since the end of the Cold War.Ohio State University. Center for Slavic and East European StudiesOhio State University. Mershon Center for International Security StudiesEvent webpage, event summary, phot
The Vicious Circle of Post-Soviet Neopatrimonialism in Russia
Published online: 10 Aug 2015, journal issue (vol.32, N5) appeared in 2016Since the collapse of Communism, Russia and some other post-Soviet states have attempted to pursue socio-economic reforms while relying upon the political institutions of neopatrimonialism. This politico-economic order was established to serve the interests of ruling groups and establish the major features of states, political regimes, and market economies. It provided numerous negative incentives for governing the economy and the state due to the unconstrained rent seeking behavior of major actors. Policy reform programs discovered these institutions to be incompatible with the priorities of modernization, and efforts to resolve these contradictions through a number of partial and compromise solutions often worsened the situation vis-Ă -vis preservation of the status quo. The ruling groups lack incentives for institutional changes, which could undermine their political and economic dominance, and are caught in a vicious circle: reforms often result in minor returns or cause unintended and undesired consequences. What are the possible domestic and international incentives to reject the political institutions of neopatrimonialism in post-Soviet states and replace them with inclusive economic and political ones?Peer reviewe
Spaces, Trajectories, Maps: Towards a World-Systems Biography of Immanuel Wallerstein
<em>World-systems analysis, although itself a macrohistorical perspective, eminently allows for writing individual biographies because these are structurally conditioned and historically contingent trajectories developing in specific time and space. The biographical genre seems particularly useful in intellectual popularization and in exploring how macro-level concepts behave in observed empirical situations. This article offers and demonstrates specific recommendations and methodological warnings in application to the personal trajectory of Immanuel Wallerstein, the founder of world-systems analysis as an intellectual movement.</em
Does Capitalism Have a Future? That Is the Research Question. In Response to Bruce Scott
Forum on 'Does Capitalism Have a Future? That Is the Research Question In Response to Bruce Scott
Does Capitalism Have a Future? That Is the Research Question. In Response to Bruce Scott
Forum on 'Does Capitalism Have a Future? That Is the Research Question In Response to Bruce Scott
Russia: Failed Transition?
Georgi Derluguian, Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, talked about the Russian economy and socio-political system. The accompanying audio files provide the complete recording and audience discussion of the talk given by the author. Those who download the audio files must have their own software for playing and listening
How Soviet Bureaucracy Produced Nationalism, and what came of it in Azerbaijan
The analysis focuses on the trajectory of Azerbaijan over the last two decades. Azerbaijan not only provides a good empirical summary of the depressing trend in a large set of countries, from the Balkans to the Caucasus and Central Asia--political contestation leading to ethnic conflict, state breakdown, and an apparent return to Third World backwardness. It also happens that the Azerbaijan revolution, intertwined with an ethnic uprising in Nagorno Karabagh, an autonomous Armenian province inside the Azerbaijan SSR, signalled the final crisis of Soviet power. The manifest powerlessness of Gorbachev's administration in face of the escalating violence in the Caucasus started a chain reaction of national uprisings which in 1991 resulted in the disintegration of the USSR. But if we focus on Azerbaijan alone, we may succumb to the usual pitfall of attributing Soviet disintegration to nationalism alone. Therefore let us first undertake a compressed analytical description which should allow us to see more clearly something central to all the uprisings that precipitated the Soviet collapse--the position of national intelligentsias under state socialism
A Tragedy Arising from Success
The historian and macrosociologist Georgi Derluguian of America's Northwestern University has shared with >i>Ekspert>/i> his opinion of the book >i>The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold>/i> and his view of the problem of the geographical distribution of industrial capacity and labor resources in Russia.