Analyzing behavioral data for refining cognitive models of operator

International audienceWe present a methodology and a tool for analyzing the activity of an operator interacting with a complex technical device. The goal is of refining cognitive models of the operator by relating them to patterns of behavior in real situations. The activity is observed to be modeled as a trace having a graph structure. The trace is transformed according to a "use model" in order to become meaningful in the context of modeling theories. Our "Trace Based System" thus gathers both a representation of the activity and of the analyst's expertise for facilitating the discovery of knowledge in the field of cognitive psychology. The approach is illustrated by its application for car driver cognitive modeling

Le point de vue critique de la presse architecturale germanique sur l’architecture contemporaine française dans les années 1840-1914

En Allemagne, la presse architecturale existe depuis 1789. En Autriche l’Allgemeine Bauzeitung (Revue générale de construction), revue d’importance nationale très ouverte aux créations étrangères, est fondée à Vienne en 1836. Jusqu’en 1914 des dizaines de titres sont créés dans les principales villes des pays de langue allemande pour répondre aux attentes d’un public spécialisé de constructeurs, ingénieurs, architectes, dispersé entre les provinces de l’Allemagne et de l’Empire austro-hongroi..

Effect of aging on calcium signaling in C57Bl6J mouse cerebral arteries

In cerebral arteries, alterations of vascular reactivity have been observed but not well molecularly characterized. Therefore, we have hypothesized that cerebrovascular reactivity could be modified by aging via a modification of Ca²⁺ signaling in smooth muscle cells. Ca²⁺ signals and gene expression implicated in contraction have been measured in posterior and middle cerebral arteries from young (2–3 months) and old (20–22 months) C57Bl6/J mice. Aging induced a decrease of KCl- and caffeine-induced contraction as well as a decrease of the amplitudes and an increase of the durations of KCl- and caffeine-induced Ca²⁺ signals. These results could be linked with the decrease of gene expression coding for Cav1.2, RyR2, SERCA2, PLB, STIM1, TRIC-B, and the increase of FKBP12.6 and TPCN1 gene expression. Finally, aging induced a modification of InsP3 subtype expression pattern responsible for a modification of the InsP3 affinity to activate Ca²⁺ signals. These results show that aging induces a decrease of contractility correlated with modifications of the expression of genes encoding Ca²⁺ signaling toolkit. Globally, the amplitude of Ca²⁺ signals was decreased, whereas their duration was increased by a defection of Ca²⁺ store refilling

Driver behaviour modelling and cognitive engineering tools development in order to assess driver sitation awareness

International audienceOur global objective is to define a framework for car driving behaviour analysis in order to assess driver's situation awareness. We present models, methods and software tools inspired from the "Experience Based Reasoning" theory coming from the field of artificial intelligence. It allows a construction of a representation of the driving activity including data collected in real driving situations as well as interpretations made on the driver's mental model of the situation, and permits a refinement of psychological theories

A Computational Cognitive Model Integrating Different Emotion Regulation Strategies

AbstractIn this paper a cognitive model is introduced which integrates a model for emotion generation with models for three different emotion regulation strategies. Given a stressful situation, humans often apply multiple emotion regulation strategies. The presented computational model has been designed based on principles from recent neurological theories based on brain imaging, and psychological and emotion regulation theories. More specifically, the model involves emotion generation and integrates models for the emotion regulation strategies reappraisal, expressive suppression, and situation modification. The model was designed as a dynamical system. Simulation experiments are reported showing the role of the emotion regulation strategies. The simulation results show how a potential stressful situation in principle could lead to emotional strain and how this can be avoided by applying the emotion regulation strategies decreasing the stressful effects

Doğu’da mizah

İréne Fenoglio-François Georgeon tarafından derlenen Doğu’da Mizah adlı kitap, 17-18 Ekim 1994 tarihlerinde Paris’te gerçekleştirilen Mizah ve Doğu başlıklı uluslararası bir çalışmada sunulan metinlerden meydana gelmektedir. Kitabı önemli kılan husus, özellikle Osmanlı Coğrafyası’nda mizahın ne anlama geldiği ve bu coğrafyadaki toplumların mizahi anlayışı üzerinden başka okumalar da yapma şansına sahip olmamızdır. Kitabın sunuş bölümünde yazarların amaçları şöyle dile getirilmektedir: “…belirli bağlamlarda başkalarına olduğu kadar kendine de, kendinin bir aynası olarak “öteki”ne gülümsemeyi ve gülmeyi doğurabilmek için mizahın nasıl binbir çeşit yol bulduğunu ve toplumsal yaşamın zorluklarına, bunlardan kaynaklanan acılara karşı koymayı nasıl sağladığını incelemektir. Başka bir deyişle, sınırları çizilmiş bir coğrafi yolculuk içinde, çeşitli mizah ya da hiciv biçimlerini olay yerinde incelemekt

Abstract: un outil et une méthodologie pour analyser une activité humaine médiée par un artefact technique complexe

National audienceNous présentons une méthodologie et un outil pour analyser l'activité d'un opérateur humain en interaction avec un dispositif technique complexe. L'activité est observée pour être modélisée sous la forme d'une trace ayant une structure de graphe. La trace collectée est constituée initialement d'une succession de descripteurs d'événements, liés par une relation de séquentialité. Elle est ensuite enri-chie selon un modèle d'utilisation pour construire une représentation de l'activité à différents ni-veaux d'abstraction. Cela permet de retrouver des signatures de schémas mentaux mis en ½uvre par l'opérateur. Cette approche est utilisée pour la modélisation cognitive du conducteur automobile

c-Abl phosphorylates α-synuclein and regulates its degradation: implication for α-synuclein clearance and contribution to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

Increasing evidence suggests that the c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase could play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. c-Abl has been shown to regulate the degradation of two proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, parkin and α-synuclein (α-syn). The inhibition of parkin's neuroprotective functions is regulated by c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of parkin. However, the molecular mechanisms by which c-Abl activity regulates α-syn toxicity and clearance remain unknown. Herein, using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, in vitro enzymatic assays and cell-based studies, we established that α-syn is a bona fide substrate for c-Abl. In vitro studies demonstrate that c-Abl directly interacts with α-syn and catalyzes its phosphorylation mainly at tyrosine 39 (pY39) and to a lesser extent at tyrosine 125 (pY125). Analysis of human brain tissues showed that pY39 α-syn is detected in the brains of healthy individuals and those with PD. However, only c-Abl protein levels were found to be upregulated in PD brains. Interestingly, nilotinib, a specific inhibitor of c-Abl kinase activity, induces α-syn protein degradation via the autophagy and proteasome pathways, whereas the overexpression of α-syn in the rat midbrains enhances c-Abl expression. Together, these data suggest that changes in c-Abl expression, activation and/or c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of Y39 play a role in regulating α-syn clearance and contribute to the pathogenesis of P

The Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 Induces Tumor Regression in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of PIK3CA Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer

To examine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in treatment of PIK3CA wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC).PIK3CA mutant and wild-type human CRC cell lines were treated in vitro with NVP-BEZ235, and the resulting effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling were assessed. Colonic tumors from a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model for sporadic wild-type PIK3CA CRC were treated in vivo with NVP-BEZ235. The resulting effects on macroscopic tumor growth/regression, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and signaling were examined.In vitro treatment of CRC cell lines with NVP-BEZ235 resulted in transient PI3K blockade, sustained decreases in mTORC1/mTORC2 signaling, and a corresponding decrease in cell viability (median IC(50) = 9.0-14.3 nM). Similar effects were seen in paired isogenic CRC cell lines that differed only in the presence or absence of an activating PIK3CA mutant allele. In vivo treatment of colonic tumor-bearing mice with NVP-BEZ235 resulted in transient PI3K inhibition and sustained blockade of mTORC1/mTORC2 signaling. Longitudinal tumor surveillance by optical colonoscopy demonstrated a 97% increase in tumor size in control mice (p = 0.01) vs. a 43% decrease (p = 0.008) in treated mice. Ex vivo analysis of the NVP-BEZ235-treated tumors demonstrated a 56% decrease in proliferation (p = 0.003), no effects on apoptosis, and a 75% reduction in angiogenesis (p = 0.013).These studies provide the preclinical rationale for studies examining the efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in treatment of PIK3CA wild-type CRC

Differential signaling networks of Bcr-Abl p210 and p190 kinases in leukemia cells defined by functional proteomics

The two major isoforms of the oncogenic Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, p210 and p190, are expressed upon the Philadelphia chromosome translocation. p210 is the hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia, whereas p190 occurs in the majority of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Differences in protein interactions and activated signaling pathways that may be associated with the different diseases driven by p210 and p190 are unknown. We have performed a quantitative comparative proteomics study of p210 and p190. Strong differences in the interactome and tyrosine phosphoproteome were found and validated. Whereas the AP2 adaptor complex that regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis interacts preferentially with p190, the phosphatase Sts1 is enriched with p210. Stronger activation of the Stat5 transcription factor and the Erk1/2 kinases is observed with p210, whereas Lyn kinase is activated by p190. Our findings provide a more coherent understanding of Bcr-Abl signaling, mechanisms of leukemic transformation, resulting disease pathobiology and responses to kinase inhibitors.Leukemia accepted article preview online, 23 January 2017. doi:10.1038/leu.2017.36