A possible involvement of endogenous polyamines in the TNF-α cellular sensitivity

AbstractA critical step in the cytotoxic action mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) involves, among mitochondrial dysfunctions, an early change of the inner membrane permeability displaying the characteristics of permeability transition. Cytosolic polyamines, especially spermine, are known to inhibit it. Our results show that spermine is only detectable in the TNF-α resistant C6 cells while N1-acetylspermidine is present in the TNF-α sensitive WEHI-164 cells, and putrescine and spermidine are found in both. TNF-α treatment does not change this distribution but only induces a quantitative alteration in TNF-α sensitive cells. Omission of glutamine (energetic substrate) from the culture media alters neither the TNF-α responsiveness of both cell lines nor their polyamine distributions, only their quantitative polyamine contents

The Post-Merger Magnetized Evolution of White Dwarf Binaries: The Double-Degenerate Channel of Sub-Chandrasekhar Type Ia Supernovae and the Formation of Magnetized White Dwarfs

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a crucial role as standardizable cosmological candles, though the nature of their progenitors is a subject of active investigation. Recent observational and theoretical work has pointed to merging white dwarf binaries, referred to as the double-degenerate channel, as the possible progenitor systems for some SNe Ia. Additionally, recent theoretical work suggests that mergers which fail to detonate may produce magnetized, rapidly-rotating white dwarfs. In this paper, we present the first multidimensional simulations of the post-merger evolution of white dwarf binaries to include the effect of the magnetic field. In these systems, the two white dwarfs complete a final merger on a dynamical timescale, and are tidally disrupted, producing a rapidly-rotating white dwarf merger surrounded by a hot corona and a thick, differentially-rotating disk. The disk is strongly susceptible to the magnetorotational instability (MRI), and we demonstrate that this leads to the rapid growth of an initially dynamically weak magnetic field in the disk, the spin-down of the white dwarf merger, and to the subsequent central ignition of the white dwarf merger. Additionally, these magnetized models exhibit new features not present in prior hydrodynamic studies of white dwarf mergers, including the development of MRI turbulence in the hot disk, magnetized outflows carrying a significant fraction of the disk mass, and the magnetization of the white dwarf merger to field strengths $\sim 2 \times 10^8$ G. We discuss the impact of our findings on the origins, circumstellar media, and observed properties of SNe Ia and magnetized white dwarfs.Comment: Accepted ApJ version published on 8/20/13, with significant additional text added discussing the nature of the magnetized outflows, and possible CSM observational features relevant to NaID detection

Contribution to the economic impact assessment of policy options to regulate animal cloning for food production with an economic simulation model

The EU is currently evaluating different policy options towards the use of cloning or products derived from cloned animals in the food chain. This study presents a first attempt to quantify the likely effects of different policy scenarios on international trade and EU domestic production. In the context of the Impact Asessment process the JRC was requested to simulate via a modelling study the economic impact of selected policy options. Based on a literature review and the specific constraints for this study, the choice was made to perform the analysis through the use of a computable general equilibrium model and focus on the dairy and beef sector . The different model scenarios are constructed based on combinations of the discussed policy options such as a ban or traceability and labelling requirements with the productivity increase associated with cloning. The results show that only the situation where trade with countries using the technique of cloning is suspended has an effect on competitiveness. This suspension could be due to express prohibitions or a de facto decision by exporters when traceability and labeling costs increase. Unde this scenario imports drop significantly which is followed by a slight increase in domestic production and prices, especially for beef and cattle.JRC.J.4-Agriculture and Life Sciences in the Econom

Contribution to the economic impact assessment of policy options to regulate animal cloning for food production with an economic simulation model

Publishe

Prevalence of self-reported risk behaviors related to non-communicable diseases among Seychellois students aged 15 years and relationships with personal and other characteristics

[Table des matières] 1. Executive summary. 2. Methods. 3. Data collection phase and participation. 4. Tobacco. 4.1. Prevalence. 4.2. Reasons for smoking or for not smoking. 4.3. Comparison with other countries. 5. Drinking habits. 5.1. Prevalence. 5.2. Reasons for drinking or for not drinking. 5.3. Comparison with other countries. 6. Marijuana or hashish. 61. Prevalence. 6.2. Reasons for taking drugs and for not taking drugs. 6.3. Relationships between smoking, drinking and taking marijuana. 7. Physical activity outside school hours. 7.1. Prevalence. 7.2. Comparison with other countries. 7.3. Response to statements about sports. 8. Dietary habits. 8.1. Frequency of intake of selected foods. 8.2. Patterns for taking breakfast and lunch. 8.3. Comparison of food intake with other countries. 9. Body weight and perception of body image. 9.1. Prevalence overweight and obesity. 9.2. Self-perceived size, height appearance. 10. Practices during leisure time. 11. Indicators of personal skills and feelings. 12. Indicators of attitudes, behaviors and performance related to school. 13. Relationships between smoking, drug taking, drinking and overweight and selected personal, educational, emotional and other characteristics. 14. Information that students report to receive and wish to receive at school. Appendix: Questions (derived from the standard HBSC) and answers with detailed results by sex and class categories

Increasing prevalence of overweight among Seychelles children, 1998-2002

To examine the prevalence and trends in excess weight among children in the Seychelles. Serial surveys of weight and height were conducted each year between 1998-2002 in all students attending four school grades (crèche, 4th, 7th and 10th years of compulsoryschool). Overweight and obesity were defined using age-specific body mass index (BMI) criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Two questions explored physical activity at leisure time and daily walking time. From an eligible total of 32 077 observations between 1998-2002, data were available in 22 694 (71%), which corresponded to 17 627 separate children. Median age in the four grades was respectively 5.5, 9.2, 12.6, and 15.8 years. The overall prevalence of excess weight ('overweight' and 'obese' categories combined) was 10.5% in boys and 16.4% in girls. From 1998 to 2002, the prevalence of excess weight increased from 8.4% to 11.8% in boys and from 11.9% to 18.4% in girls. The increase of excess weight over calendar years was particularly marked among the younger children. Only a quarter of children reported walking at least 30 minutes per day. Leisure physical activity was inverselyassociated with excess body weight. The prevalence of excess body weight was high among school children of Seychelles and increased substantially over a five-year period. This calls for prompt and energetic policies and programs to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition among children. [Authors]]]> Obesity ; Child ; Adolescent ; Schools ; Seychelles oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_F8F7E9DEAB96 2022-05-07T01:30:27Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_F8F7E9DEAB96 Recruitment of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) to the Fibroblast Cell Surface by Lysyl Hydroxylase 3 (LH3) Triggers Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Activation and Fibroblast Differentiation. info:doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.622274 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1074/jbc.M114.622274 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/25825495 Dayer, C. Stamenkovic, I. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2015 Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 290, no. 22, pp. 13763-13778 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1083-351X urn:issn:0021-9258 <![CDATA[Solid tumor growth triggers a wound healing response. Similar to wound healing, fibroblasts in the tumor stroma differentiate into myofibroblasts (also referred to as cancer-associated fibroblasts) primarily, but not exclusively, in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Myofibroblasts in turn enhance tumor progression by remodeling the stroma. Among proteases implicated in stroma remodeling, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-9, play a prominent role. Recent evidence indicates that MMP-9 recruitment to the tumor cell surface enhances tumor growth and invasion. In the present work, we addressed the potential relevance of MMP-9 recruitment to and activity at the surface of fibroblasts. We show that recruitment of MMP-9 to the fibroblast cell surface occurs through its fibronectin-like (FN) domain and that the molecule responsible for the recruitment is lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3). Functional assays suggest that both pro- and active MMP-9 trigger α-smooth muscle actin expression in cultured fibroblasts, reflecting myofibroblast differentiation, possibly as a result of TGF-β activation. Moreover, the recombinant FN domain inhibited both MMP-9-induced TGF-β activation and α-smooth muscle actin expression by displacing MMP-9 from the fibroblast cell surface. Together our results uncover LH3 as a new docking receptor of MMP-9 on the fibroblast cell surface and demonstrate that the MMP-9 FN domain is essential for the interaction. They also show that the recombinant FN domain inhibits MMP-9-induced TGF-β activation and fibroblast differentiation, providing a potentially attractive therapeutic reagent toward attenuating tumor progression where MMP-9 activity is strongly implicated

The Association of Red Meat Intake with Inflammation and Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Is Mediated by Central Adiposity

\ua9 The Author(s) 2019. We explored the role of lipid accumulation products and visceral adiposity on the association between red meat consumption and markers of insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation in US adults. Data on red meat consumption, and health outcome measurements were extracted from the 2005-2010 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Overall 16,621 participants were included in the analysis (mean age = 47.1 years, 48.3% men). Analysis of co-variance and "conceptus causal mediation" models were applied, while accounting for survey design. In adjusted models, a lower red meat consumption was significantly associated with a cardio-protective profile of IR and inflammation. Body mass index (BMI) had significant mediation effects on the associations between red meat consumption and C-reactive protein (CRP), Apolipoprotein-B, fasting glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) IR and β-cell function, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride to high density lipoprotein (TG:HDL) ratio and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (all p &lt; 0.05). Both waist circumference and anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue (apVAT) mediated the association between red meat consumption with CRP, FBG, HbA1c, TG: HDL ratio and TyG index (all p &lt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that adiposity, particularly the accumulation of abdominal fat, accounts for a significant proportion of the associations between red meat consumption IR and inflammation