The laser-induced electron-hole liquid in the diamond: critical lattice temperature and non-equilibrium carrier density

Integrated photoluminescence spectra of two diamond samples under laser radiation excitation at 193 and 222 nm, depending on the temperature in the range of 80-300 K and the peak intensity in the range of 7-13 MW/cm2, were investigated. At temperatures below 200 K, and the peak intensity of more than 10 MW/cm2 of laser radiation at 222 nm, the radiative recombination band of electron-hole liquid was observed in integrated photoluminescence spectra of CVD diamond sample. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

Electron hole liquid in diamînds formed by nanosecond laser pulses

Electron-hole liquid (EHL) is a condensed state of non-equilibrium charge carriers, which can exist in some semiconductor materials at low temperature and high carrier density. Phenomenon of EHL is a promising thing for development of diamond based electronic devices, such as opto-electronical switches. Earlier in our paper [1] we showed that the presence of EHL strongly increases the photoconductivity of diamond sample

Changes in the exciton cathodoluminescence spectra of diamond at elevated temperatures

The study of exciton cathodoluminescence in diamond is not only scientific but also practical importance. Ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 235 nm can be used for disinfection, activation of surface reactions, photochemistry, and more. Thus, diamond is a promising material for creating a cathodoluminescent source of ultraviolet radiation

Solar wind detector based on Cherenkov radiation in diamond

To date a relevant task is the development of miniature Cherenkov detectors that could be placed on microsatellites for studying near Earth space, in particular, for observing the charged particles flows (solar wind) captured by the Earth's magnetic field. Solar activity can negatively affect the exploration of outer space, in particular, lead to the failure of the electronic equipment of spacecraft, which leads to significant financial losses. Therefore, the problem of monitoring and space weather forecasting is a very important task

Prototype of a diamond based UV source as an emitter

The report deals with the results of a study of the exciton cathodoluminescence of diamond, as well as the creation of a prototype of a cathodoluminescent ultraviolet source based on it

Carbon electronics and photonics

Diamond surpasses all known semiconductors in basic parameters, second only to gallium arsenide and graphene (a quasimetallic form of carbon) in electron mobility. For a long time, the widespread use of diamond in electronics was limited by the high cost and poor quality of both natural and synthetic raw materials. Currently, the technology of synthesis and doping of diamond has reached the necessary level for the breakthrough of diamond into electronics and photonics [1, 2]. In the first place, diamond based electronic devices will ensure long term and efficient operation in high temperature conditions and high levels of ionizing radiation, in the subterahertz frequency rang

Excitonic absorption and emission in diamond near the edge of fundamental absorption

The study of optical absorption of CVD diamond near the fundamental absorption edge was performed in the temperature range of 87-296 K. At temperatures lower than 195 K the absorption was practically constant. At higher temperatures the sharp increase of absorption took place. This sharp increase was attributed to the sharp enrichment of the phonon spectrum. Same phonon modes have different contributions to the negative and the positive branches of freeexciton absorption. For the negative branch (phonon absorption) the TA-mode dominated. For the positive branch (phonon emission) the TO-mode dominated. The possibility of diamond-based cathodoluminescent UV-sources at 235 nm was demonstrated

Amplified spontaneous emission at nv centers in diamond under optical pumping

NV – centers in diamond – a unique quantum object, which potentially implements singlephoton sources for quantum cryptography problems, physical implementation of q-bits (quantum logic elements), magnetometric sensors, etc. [1–3]. The creation of photonic integrated circuits based on diamond involves the creation of optical analogs of elements implemented in existing integrated circuits, that is, in the process of growing a diamond processor, it is necessary to create optical fibers, splitters, interferometers and integrated laser sources. But if the creation of a passive element base based on diamond does not cause difficulties, the implementation of laser sources was hampered by the presence of two diamond charge states (NV0 and NV-). As shown by recent studies [4], the neutral charge state (NV0 – center) is a negative factor for the generation of laser radiation

Fatherhood and unemployment: Involvement characteristics and family relations

Esta pesquisa buscou verificar as características e os fatores significativos do envolvimento paterno em famílias com pais desempregados com filhos em idade escolar, considerando os aspectos sociodemográficos, o relacionamento familiar e os sintomas depressivos do pai. A amostra foi constituída por 188 homens usuários do FGTAS (Fundação Gaúcha de Trabalho e Ação Social) – (SINE) dos municípios de São Leopoldo/RS e de Porto Alegre/ RS. A maioria dos pais estava há três meses desempregada, casados ou com união estável e com idade entre 20 e 56 anos. A coleta de dados incluiu o Inventário Sociodemográfico, o Inventário de Práticas Parentais, Inventário de Depressão Beck e o Familiograma. Ao considerar o envolvimento paterno, verificou-se que fatores como grau de escolaridade e recebimento de ajuda financeira estavam associados ao maior envolvimento do pai com os filhos. Um grau mais alto da afetividade do pai na relação com a esposa e com o filho também resultou em maior envolvimento parental. Em contrapartida, pais deprimidos tinham mais conflitos com esposa e filho, confirmando a importância do estado emocional para a qualidade das relações familiares. Os resultados encontrados refletem a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para o atendimento dos trabalhadores em situação de desemprego e suas famílias. As condições de enfrentamento dessa situação adversa dependem do suporte emocional e financeiro que a rede de apoio familiar poderá proporcionar ao pai durante esse período. Palavras-chave: envolvimento paterno, depressão, desemprego.This research sought to verify the characteristics and significant factors of paternal involvement in families with unemployed fathers of school age children, regarding sociodemographic aspects, family relationships and father’s depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 188 men, users of the employment agency FGTAS (Fundação Gaúcha de Trabalho e Ação Social) – SINE of São Leopoldo/RS and Porto Alegre/RS. The majority of the fathers had been unemployed for three months, married or in a stable relationship, age between 20 and 56 years old. Data collection included Socio Demographic Inventory, Father Involvement Inventory, Beck Depressive Inventory and the Familiogram. Regarding father involvement, it was observed that factors such as level of education, financial help and helping family income through temporary jobs were associated with greater involvement with children. A more affective relationship with the wife and children also resulted in greater father involvement. In turn, depressed fathers had more conflict with wife and child, confirming the importance of emotional state to the quality of family relations. The findings reflect the need of public policies geared to assist workers and their families in unemployment situation. Conditions to deal with this adverse situation rely on emotional and financial support that family net will be able to provide to fathers during this period of time. Key words: father involvement, depression, unemployment

Applied optical properties of diamond

In our paper we report about the optical properties of diamonds having applied sense. Radiation destruction manifests itself in the form of absorption bands and luminescence of vacancies and interstitials. The charge state of the NV centers depends on the impurity-defective composition of the sample. Accelerated particles lose their energy to Cherenkov radiation. The fine splitting of the free exciton state affects the absorption and luminescence spectra in the recombination bands of free excitons and their condensed stat