Transcription of Nonrepeated DNA in Neonatal and Fetal Mice

The transcription of nonrepeated DNA sequences was measured by hybridization of RNA from neonatal and fetal mice to mouse DNA using three different techniques. The measurements indicate that a large part (about 70%) of the rapidly-labeled fetal RNA is transcribed from nonrepeated DNA sequences. It appears that more than 12% of the single-copy DNA sequences are represented in the RNA of newborn mice

Spatially resolved spectra of 3C galaxy nuclei

We present and discuss visible-wavelength long-slit spectra of four low redshift 3C galaxies obtained with the STIS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. The slit was aligned with near-nuclear jet-like structure seen in HST images of the galaxies, to give unprecedented spatial resolution of the galaxy inner regions. In 3C 135 and 3C 171, the spectra reveal clumpy emission line structures that indicate outward motions of a few hundred km s$^{-1}$ within a centrally illuminated and ionised biconical region. There may also be some low-ionisation high-velocity material associated with 3C 135. In 3C 264 and 3C 78, the jets have blue featureless spectra consistent with their proposed synchrotron origin. There is weak associated line emission in the innermost part of the jets with mild outflow velocity. These jets are bright and highly collimated only within a circumnuclear region of lower galaxy luminosity, which is not dusty. We discuss the origins of these central regions and their connection with relativistic jets.Comment: 15 pages incl Tables, 12 diagrams, To appear in A

Fertilizing Gardens in South Dakota

Gardens can provide high quality vegetables, fruits, and flowers if the crops are given adequate nutrients and water and insect, weed, and disease control. This fertilizer guide covers part of your garden\u27s needs-optimum nutrients for yield and quality of garden plants

The Mid-Infrared Emission of M87

We discuss Subaru and Spitzer Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy of M87 in the mid-infrared from 5-35 um. These observations allow us to investigate mid-IR emission mechanisms in the core of M87 and to establish that the flaring, variable jet component HST-1 is not a major contributor to the mid-IR flux. The Spitzer data include a high signal-to-noise 15-35 $\mu$m spectrum of the knot A/B complex in the jet, which is consistent with synchrotron emission. However, a synchrotron model cannot account for the observed {\it nuclear} spectrum, even when contributions from the jet, necessary due to the degrading of resolution with wavelength, are included. The Spitzer data show a clear excess in the spectrum of the nucleus at wavelengths longer than 25 um, which we model as thermal emission from cool dust at a characteristic temperature of 55 \pm 10 K, with an IR luminosity \sim 10^{39} {\rm ~erg ~s^{-1}}. Given Spitzer's few-arcsecond angular resolution, the dust seen in the nuclear spectrum could be located anywhere within ~5'' (390 pc) of the nucleus. In any case, the ratio of AGN thermal to bolometric luminosity indicates that M87 does not contain the IR-bright torus that classical unified AGN schemes invoke. However, this result is consistent with theoretical predictions for low-luminosity AGNsComment: 9 pages, 7 figures, ApJ, in pres

Crop Nutrient Considerations for Wet or Flooded Fields

Many South Dakota fields have standing water with saturated soil conditions this spring. These wet soil conditions can have implications for existing soil nutrients and for nutrients applied for this season

Correlation between radio and broad-line emissions in radio-loud quasars

Radio emission is a good indicator of the jet power of radio-loud quasars, while the emission in broad-line can well represent the accretion disc radiation in quasars. We compile a sample of all sources of which the broad-line fluxes are available from 1 Jy, S4 and S5 radio source catalogues. A correlation between radio and broad-line emission for this sample of radio-loud quasars is presented, which is in favour of a close link between the accretion processes and the relativistic jets. The BL Lac objects seem to follow the statistical behaviour of the quasars, but with fainter broad-line emission.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in MNRA

The unfriendly ISM in the radio galaxy 4C12.50 (PKS 1345+12)

The radio source 4C12.50 has often been suggested to be a prime candidate for the link between ultraluminous infrared galaxies and young radio galaxies. A VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in the nuclear regions of this object shows that most of the gas detected close to the systemic velocity is associated with an off-nuclear cloud (~50 to 100 pc from the radio core) with a column density of ~10^22 T_spin/100 K) cm^(-2) and an HI mass of a few times 10^5 to 10^6 M_sun. We consider a number of possibilities to explain the results. In particular, we discus the possibility that this cloud indicates the presence of a rich and clumpy interstellar medium in the centre, likely left over from the merger that triggered the activity and that this medium influences the growth of the radio source. The location of the cloud -- at the edge of the northern radio jet/lobe -- suggests that the radio jet might be interacting with a gas cloud. This interaction could be responsible for bending the young radio jet. The velocity profile of the gas is relatively broad (~150$ km/s) and we interpret this as kinematical evidence for interaction of the radio plasma with the cloud. We also consider the model where the cloud is part of a broader circumnuclear structure. Only a limited region of this structure would have sufficient background radio brightness and large enough column depth in neutral gas to obtain detectable HI absorption against the counterjet. The VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in 4C12.50 suggests that HI detected near the systemic velocity (as it is often the case in radio galaxies) may not necessarily be connected with a circumnuclear disk or torus (as is very often assumed) but instead could be a tracer of the large-scale medium that surrounds the active nucleus and that may influence the growth of the young radio source.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&