A cephalometric study in children from Medellin aged 3 to 6 Years with class i dental occlusion

ABSTRACT: The few available studies that have been done with digital lateral cephalic x-rays in children younger than 6 years makes it necessary to conduct research on this age group. The purpose of this study was to determine the average cephalometric measures in children from the municipality of Medellín aged 3 to 6 years with class I dental occlusion, by estimating differences by age, sex, facial biotype, weight and size. Methods: this was a descriptive transversal study using digital lateral cephalic radiographs in 99 children aged 3 to 6 years who met the inclusion criteria in order to determine cephalometric averages. Results: between the ages of 3 and 4 years there is more sexual dimorphism, with more protrusive maxilla and mandible in girls; these differences are lower at the age of 5, becoming undetectable at the age of 6. The behavior of variables by age show that longitudinal measures tend to increase with age. Dolichofacial kids showed higher values in the anterior-posterior direction of linear measures, while leptofacial kids showed higher values in the angular measures in the vertical direction. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of weight/height relationship with cephalometric variables. Conclusions: the value of linear measures rises as age increases, supporting the use of specific standards for each age. This study suggests that there is sexual dimorphism among cephalometric variables, being more evident at the age of 3 and 4 years. The different facial biotypes show specific cephalometric features.RESUMEN: Los pocos estudios hechos con radiografía cefálica lateral digital en niños menores de 6 años, hace necesario investigar en dicho grupo etario. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar las medidas cefalométricas promedio en niños de 3 a 6 años con oclusión dental clase I, residentes en el municipio de Medellín, estimando diferencias por edad, sexo, biotipo facial, peso y talla. Métodos: se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en donde se tomó una radiografía cefálica lateral digital, a 99 niños de 3 a 6 años que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para determinar promedios cefalométricos. Resultados: entre 3 y 4 años existe mayor dimorfismo sexual, presentando las niñas maxilar y mandíbula más protrusivos, estas diferencias son menores a los 5 años, llegando a ser imperceptibles a los 6. El comportamiento de las variables por edad evidencia que las medidas longitudinales tienden a aumentar con la edad. Los niños dólico presentaron valores mayores en las medidas lineales en sentido anteroposterior, mientras que los lepto mostraron valores mayores en las medidas angulares en sentido vertical. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la relación peso y talla con las variables cefalométricas. Conclusiones: el valor de las medidas lineales aumenta a medida que aumenta la edad, lo que justifica el uso de estándares específicos para cada edad. Esta investigación sugiere que existe dimorfismo sexual entre las variables cefalométricas, siendo más evidente a los 3 y 4 años. Los diferentes biotipos faciales exhiben características cefalométricas específicas

Different outcomes for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Latin America according to the public versus private management: a GELAMM study

The aim of this study was to describe clinical and survival characteristics of transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients in Latin America (LA), with a special focus on differences between public and private healthcare facilities. We included 1293 patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. A great disparity in outcomes and survival between both groups was observed. Late diagnosis and low access to adequate frontline therapy and ASCT in public institutions probably explain these differences. Patients treated with novel drug induction protocols, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and maintenance, have similar overall survival compared to that published internationally