25,684 research outputs found
Speckle noise in direct-detection lidar systems
The speckle noise is evaluated from some typical lidar systems. The governing equations are summarized. The mutual intensity function of the speckle pattern is calculated in terms of the laser radiation modes. Typical laser pulses are modeled and simplified expressions for the speckle noise power are derived. The signal-to-speckle-noise ratios for some proposed lidar systems are evaluated
Measurement of Residual Stress Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Analysis
In this presentation we very briefly review the concepts involved in stress measurement by means of the Barkhausen effect, and cite the major instances of its practical application; the major part of the paper is devoted to a presentation of some recently obtained results regarding the effects of plastic deformation, and of biaxial stress fields
On the reconstruction of planar lattice-convex sets from the covariogram
A finite subset of is said to be lattice-convex if is
the intersection of with a convex set. The covariogram of
is the function associating to each u \in
\integer^d the cardinality of . Daurat, G\'erard, and Nivat and
independently Gardner, Gronchi, and Zong raised the problem on the
reconstruction of lattice-convex sets from . We provide a partial
positive answer to this problem by showing that for and under mild extra
assumptions, determines up to translations and reflections. As a
complement to the theorem on reconstruction we also extend the known
counterexamples (i.e., planar lattice-convex sets which are not
reconstructible, up to translations and reflections) to an infinite family of
counterexamples.Comment: accepted in Discrete and Computational Geometr
Daytime lidar measurements of tidal winds in the mesospheric sodium layer at Urbana, Illinois
For more than 15 years lidar systems have been used to study the chemistry and dynamics of the mesospheric sodium layer. Because the layer is an excellent tracer of atmospheric wave motions, sodium lidar has proven to be particularly useful for studying the influence of gravity waves and tides on mesospheric dynamics. These waves, which originate in the troposphere and stratosphere, propagate through the mesosphere and dissipate their energy near the mesopause making important contributions to the momentum and turbulence budget in this region of the atmosphere. Recently, the sodium lidar was modified for daytime operation so that wave phenomena and chemical effects could be monitored throughout the complete diurnal cycle. The results of continuous 24 hour lidar observations of the sodium layer structure are presented alond with measurement of the semidiurnal tidal winds
Counts and Sizes of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field - South: Implications for the Next Generation Space Telescope
Science objectives for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) include a
large component of galaxy surveys, both imaging and spectroscopy. The Hubble
Deep Field datasets include the deepest observations ever made in the
ultraviolet, optical and near infrared, reaching depths comparable to that
expected for NGST spectroscopy. We present the source counts, galaxy sizes and
isophotal filling factors of the HDF-South images. The observed integrated
galaxy counts reach >500 galaxies per square arcminute at AB<30. We extend
these counts to faint levels in the infrared using models. The trend previously
seen that fainter galaxies are smaller, continues to AB=29 in the high
resolution HDF-S STIS image, where galaxies have a typical half-light radius of
0.1 arcseconds. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations show that the small measured
sizes are not due to selection effects until >29mag. Using the HDF-S NICMOS
image, we show that galaxies are smaller in the near infrared than they are in
the optical. We analyze the isophotal filling factor of the HDF-S STIS image,
and show that this image is mostly empty sky even at the limits of galaxy
detection, a conclusion we expect to hold true for NGST spectroscopy. At the
surface brightness limits expected for NGST imaging, however, about a quarter
of the sky is occupied by the outer isophotes of AB<30 galaxies. We discuss the
implications of these data on several design concepts of the NGST near-infrared
spectrograph. We compare the effects of resolution and the confusion limit of
various designs, as well as the multiplexing advantages of either multi-object
or full-field spectroscopy. We argue that the optimal choice for NGST
spectroscopy of high redshift galaxies is a multi-object spectrograph (MOS)
with target selection by a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) device.Comment: 27 pages including 10 figures, accepted for publication in the
Astronomical Journal, June 2000, abridged abstrac
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