A multi-physics approach to simulate the RF heating 3D power map induced by the proton beam in a beam intercepting device

The project High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) calls for a streaking beam intensity and brightness in the LHC machine. In such a scenario, beam-environment electromagnetic interactions are a crucial topic: they could lead to uneven power deposition in machine equipment. The resulting irregular temperature distribution would generate local thermal gradients, this would create mechanical stresses which could lead to cracks and premature failure of accelerator devices. This work presents a method to study this phenomenon by means of coupled electro-thermomechanical simulations. Further, an example of application on a real HL-LHC device is also discussed

A Knowledge-based view of people and technology:directions for a value co-creation-based learning organisation

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the potential of knowledge management (KM) as a discipline in helping understand and manage social and economic complexity. The paper highlights some of the potential relationships between KM in organisations and their economic performance. Finally, the authors assess the role of human resources and technological infrastructures in the relationship between organisation’s approach to KM and their performance. Design/methodology/approach: The hypotheses are tested via a survey on a sample of managerial-level employees of information technology organisations located in the city of Brno in Czech Republic. The data collected are analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) to study the relationship between KM; the workforce’s willingness and ability to collaborate and co-create value; and the organisations’ economic performance. Findings: The research found that there is a direct and positive relationship between an organisation’s approach to KM and its economic performance. This study also shows that the workforce’s behaviour and the technological infrastructure of the organisation have a direct effect on business performance. Finally, the authors proposed that a link between human resource management and technology orientation must be established and supported by a KM strategy. Originality/value: This paper offers a new perspective to the approach to KM in organisations. Reflections and empirical results underline the need for organisations to invest in the implementation of KM strategies that involve both the human resources and technological infrastructure as a way to improve the impact of knowledge on the companies’ economic performances

Analysis on the mechanical effects induced by beam impedance heating on the HL-LHC target dump injection segmented (TDIS) absorber

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project at CERN calls for increasing beam brightness and intensity. In such a scenario, critical accelerator devices need to be redesigned and rebuilt. Impedance is among the design drivers, since its thermo-mechanical effects could lead to premature device failures. In this context, the current work reports the results of a multiphysics study to assess the electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical behaviour of the Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS). It first discusses the outcomes of the impedance analysis performed to characterise the resistive wall and the high order resonant modes (HOMs) trapped in the TDIS structures. Then, their RF-heating effects and the related temperature distribution are considered. Finally, mechanical stresses induced by thermal gradients are studied in order to give a final validation on the design qualit

Treatment effects of once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with different baseline glycemic patterns (based on high/low fasting or high/low postprandial glucose): a post hoc analysis of the AWARD-2 clinical trial

The effects of DU 1.5 mg and Glar were compared in patients with T2D at 52 weeks from the AWARD-2 study with prevalent elevations in fasting glucose (FG), postprandial glucose (PPG), or both FG and PPG at baseline. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (A1c), FG, PPG, body weight, and hypoglycemia were investigated

An accessible deep learning tool for voxel-wise classification of brain malignancies from perfusion MRI

Deep learning; Glioblastoma; Perfusion MRIAprenentatge profund; Glioblastoma; Ressonància magnètica de perfusióAprendizaje profundo; Glioblastoma; Resonancia magnética de perfusiónNoninvasive differential diagnosis of brain tumors is currently based on the assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC). However, a definitive diagnosis often requires neurosurgical interventions that compromise patients' quality of life. We apply deep learning on DSC images from histology-confirmed patients with glioblastoma, metastasis, or lymphoma. The convolutional neural network trained on ∼50,000 voxels from 40 patients provides intratumor probability maps that yield clinical-grade diagnosis. Performance is tested in 400 additional cases and an external validation cohort of 128 patients. The tool reaches a three-way accuracy of 0.78, superior to the conventional MRI metrics cerebral blood volume (0.55) and percentage of signal recovery (0.59), showing high value as a support diagnostic tool. Our open-access software, Diagnosis In Susceptibility Contrast Enhancing Regions for Neuro-oncology (DISCERN), demonstrates its potential in aiding medical decisions for brain tumor diagnosis using standard-of-care MRI.This project was supported by “La Caixa” Foundation (RTI2018-095209-B-C21) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FIS-G64384969). R.P.-L. is supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award, the FERO Foundation, the CRIS Foundation Talent Award (TALENT19-05), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III Investigacion en Salud (PI21/01019), and the Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (PRYCO211023SERR). F.G. was funded by the Government of Catalonia (Beatriu de Pinos 2020 00117 BP) and by the Fundacio LaCaixa (ID 100010434, code LCF/BQ/PR22/11920010). C.M. and A.P.-E. acknowledge support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Investigación en Salud (PI20/00360). We would like to express our sincere appreciation to Javier Carmona for his valuable support and assistance in reviewing the manuscript

Dulaglutide as add-on therapy to SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (AWARD-10): a 24-week, randomised , double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of the once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide, added to an ongoing treatment regimen in patients inadequately controlled with SGLT2 inhibitors, with or without metformin was investigated. METHODS: This was a phase 3b, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week study. Patients (≥18yrs), HbA1c ≥7.0% [53mmol/mol] and ≤9.5% [80mmol/mol]), BMI ≤45 kg/m2, stable doses of an SGLT2 inhibitor (±metformin) were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to dulaglutide 1.5 mg, dulaglutide 0.75 mg, or placebo. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment (those assessing outcomes to study drug assignment). The primary objective was to test for the superiority of dulaglutide (1.5 mg or 0.75 mg) vs placebo for change in HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks. RESULTS: 423 patients were randomly assigned to dulaglutide 1.5 mg (n=142), dulaglutide 0.75 mg (n=141), and placebo (n=140). Greater reduction in HbA1c at 24 weeks was seen in patients receiving dulaglutide (1.5 mg -1.34% [SE 0.06]/14.7 mmol/mol [0.6]; 0.75 mg -1.21% [0.06]/-13.2 mmol/mol [0.6]) than in patients receiving placebo (-0.54% [0.06]/-5.9 mmol/mol [0.6]; p<0.0001 for both groups vs placebo). Serious adverse events were reported for five patients in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group, three in the dulaglutide 0.75 mg group, and five in the placebo group. Treatment-emergent adverse events were more common in patients treated with dulaglutide: nausea (21 [15%] patients in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group vs seven [5%] in the dulaglutide 0.75 mg group vs five [4%] in the placebo group), diarrhoea (eight [6%] vs 14 [10%] vs four [3%]), and vomiting (five [4%] vs four [3%] vs one [1%]). One episode of severe hypoglycaemia was reported in the dulaglutide 0.75 mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Dulaglutide as add-on treatment to SGLT2 inhibitors (±metformin) resulted in significant and clinically relevant improvements in glycaemic control, with acceptable tolerability consistent with the established safety profile of dulaglutide

Machine detector interface for the e+e−e^+e^- future circular collider

The international Future Circular Collider (FCC) study aims at a design of $pp$, $e^+e^-$, $ep$ colliders to be built in a new 100 km tunnel in the Geneva region. The $e^+e^-$ collider (FCC-ee) has a centre of mass energy range between 90 (Z-pole) and 375 GeV (tt_bar). To reach such unprecedented energies and luminosities, the design of the interaction region is crucial. The crab-waist collision scheme has been chosen for the design and it will be compatible with all beam energies. In this paper we will describe the machine detector interface layout including the solenoid compensation scheme. We will describe how this layout fulfills all the requirements set by the parameters table and by the physical constraints. We will summarize the studies of the impact of the synchrotron radiation, the analysis of trapped modes and of the backgrounds induced by single beam and luminosity effects giving an estimate of the losses in the interaction region and in the detector.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 62th ICFA ABDW on High Luminosity Circular $e^+e^-$ Colliders, eeFACT2018, Hong Kong, Chin

ALMA Observations of Asteroid 3 Juno at 60 Kilometer Resolution

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum images of the asteroid 3 Juno obtained with an angular resolution of 0.042 arcseconds (60 km at 1.97 AU). The data were obtained over a single 4.4 hr interval, which covers 60% of the 7.2 hr rotation period, approximately centered on local transit. A sequence of ten consecutive images reveals continuous changes in the asteroid's profile and apparent shape, in good agreement with the sky projection of the three-dimensional model of the Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques. We measure a geometric mean diameter of 259pm4 km, in good agreement with past estimates from a variety of techniques and wavelengths. Due to the viewing angle and inclination of the rotational pole, the southern hemisphere dominates all of the images. The median peak brightness temperature is 215pm13 K, while the median over the whole surface is 197pm15 K. With the unprecedented resolution of ALMA, we find that the brightness temperature varies across the surface with higher values correlated to the subsolar point and afternoon areas, and lower values beyond the evening terminator. The dominance of the subsolar point is accentuated in the final four images, suggesting a reduction in the thermal inertia of the regolith at the corresponding longitudes, which are possibly correlated to the location of the putative large impact crater. These results demonstrate ALMA's potential to resolve thermal emission from the surface of main belt asteroids, and to measure accurately their position, geometric shape, rotational period, and soil characteristics.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter