Shaping Student Identities: A Gendered Examination of the College Chronicle in the 1950s

Award for Best Dimension of the Year Reflection: Think Creatively and Critically . Abstract: The submission’s goal is to articulate how students in the 1950s shaped their identity in relationship to gender and gendered work in a clear and concise manner. The submission must not only look at the content provided in the sculpting of this identity, but also it must examine exactly how the sculpting of the identity took place, namely, communications in the student newspaper. One cannot prioritize the arguments for or against female industrialized labor and leave out the dimensions of male and female athletics. Likewise, it cannot leave out any advertisement or event sponsored by men or women associations. The project must demonstrate that identities were shaped in a multitude of ways even when providing a focused look at the contentions of gendered work. When looking into a field like gender, and especially gender discussions of years past, it is of the utmost importance to provide the narrative as the students themselves saw it in the 1950s and not as we would view it today. Therefore, it will be important for any presentation or evaluation of this topic to understand the narrative of “separate spheres”. This concept is a historical consensus of gendered work occurring in one sphere for each gender. The male sphere focused upon the perceived masculine tasks of industry, while the female sphere focused on the feminine tasks of domesticity. It is from this general understanding of separate spheres, and the interpenetration of these spheres, that caused the gendered contentions examined in the newspaper

Engineering the Future of Dental Health: Exploring Molecular Advancements in Dental Pulp Regeneration

Protected by the surrounding mineralized barriers of enamel, dentin, and cementum, dental pulp is a functionally versatile tissue that fulfills multiple roles. In addition to the perception of thermal and mechanical stimuli as a warning system and the deposition of dentin, the pulp performs a variety of immunological functions against invading microorganisms, both in terms of recognition and defense. Especially, in young patients, dental pulp is essential for the completion of root development, and early pulp necrosis results in fracture-prone teeth with fragile root walls [1–4]. Whether in young or adult patients, the loss of pulp tissue due to caries or trauma requires a therapeutic intervention by means of root canal treatment and obturation with a synthetic material. In recent years, innovative attempts have been made to regenerate dental pulp using advanced molecular biology techniques [5,6]. Promising approaches, based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, have been developed for this purpose [7,8]. In this context, stem cell-based or primarily cell-free approaches use specifically tailored scaffold materials and signaling molecules to achieve pulp regeneration, both in terms of tissue microarchitecture and functionality (Figure 1). Several of these approaches already take into account the requirements of potential clinical applications [9–11]

Ultrasonic activation of irrigants increases growth factor release from human dentine.

OBJECTIVES Bioactive proteins are sequestered in human dentine and play a decisive role in dental pulp regeneration and repair. They can be released and exposed on the dentine surface by acids, but also chelators, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate whether ultrasonic activation of irrigants in the root canal will promote growth factor release from dentine and (ii) to collect bioactive proteins in a physiological solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human dentine disks underwent irrigation with and without ultrasonic activation. The protocols included treatment by either a single or two consecutive steps with 10 % EDTA and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), where each sample was treated three times. To mimic clinical conditions, selected irrigation regimens were applied to root canals of extracted human teeth after preparation. Amounts of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in solution were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed to compare different groups as well as repetitions within a group (Mann-Whitney U test, α = 0.05). Additionally, morphological changes of dentine surfaces were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS TGF-β1 was not detectable after irrigation of dentine with PBS, neither with nor without ultrasonic activation. Irrigation with EDTA released TGF-β1, and ultrasonic activation of EDTA enhanced this effect. However, preceding EDTA conditioning enabled the release of bioactive proteins into PBS solution. Similar results were observed in dentine disks and root canals. Visualization of dentine surfaces after different treatment revealed superficial erosion after ultrasonic activation irrespective of the irrigant solution, but different degrees of exposure of organic substance. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonic activation enhances growth factor release from human dentine. Bioactive proteins can be isolated in physiological solvents and may act as autologous supplements for regenerative endodontic treatment or pulp tissue engineering. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Autologous growth factors from human dentine can advance treatment strategies in dental pulp tissue engineering

Prognostic Value of the Largest Lesion Size for Progression-Free Survival in Patients with NET Undergoing Salvage PRRT with [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC

Simple Summary: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using radionuclide-labeled somatostatin analogues is based on the overexpression of somatostatin receptors on neuroendocrine tumors and is shown to have a good safety profile and efficacy in different types of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. As this therapy is usually not curative, most patients experience disease progression after initial PRRT. In these cases, retreatment with PRRT, also called salvage PRRT, can be a treatment option, but little is known about the efficacy and possible risk factors. In this retrospective study that included 32 patients, we found that the size of the largest lesion is a significant predictor of disease progression after salvage PRRT. This risk factor is easy to obtain and can help identify patients who may benefit from intensified follow-up strategies. Abstract: (1) Background: retreatment with radionuclide-labeled somatostatin analogues following disease progression after initial treatment cycles is often referred to as salvage peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (salvage PRRT). Salvage PRRT is shown to have a favorable safety profile in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but numerous questions about the efficacy and prognostic or predictive factors remain to be answered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two parameters that have shown prognostic significance in progression-free survival (PFS) in initial PRRT treatment, namely the size of the largest lesion (LLS) and the De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), as prognostic factors in the context of salvage PRRT. In addition, the PFS after initial PRRT was evaluated as a predictor of the PFS following salvage PRRT. (2) Methods: retrospective, monocentric analysis in 32 patients with NETs (gastroenteropancreatic, 23; unknown primary, 7; kidney, 1; lung, 1) and progression after initial PRRT undergoing retreatment with [Lu-177]Lu-DOTATOC. The prognostic values of LLS, the De Ritis ratio, and PFS after initial treatment cycles regarding PFS following salvage PRRT were evaluated with univariable and multivariable Cox regression. PFS was defined as the time from treatment start until tumor progression according to RECIST 1.1 criteria, death from any cause or start of a new treatment due to progression of cancer-related symptoms (namely carcinoid syndrome). (3) Results: progression after salvage PRRT was observed in 29 of 32 patients with median PFS of 10.8 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 8.0-15.9 months). A higher LLS (hazard ratio (HR): 1.03; p = 0.002) and a higher De Ritis ratio (HR: 2.64; p = 0.047) were associated with shorter PFS after salvage PRRT in univariable Cox regression. PFS after initial PRRT was not associated with PFS following salvage PRRT. In multivariable Cox regression, only LLS remained a significant predictor. (4) Conclusions: the size of the largest lesion is easy to obtain and might help identify patients at risk of early disease progression after salvage PRRT. Validation is required

Cerebellar infarction requiring surgical decompression in patient with COVID 19 pathological analysis and brief review

© 2020 The Authors Background: This report and literature review describes a case of a COVID-19 patient who suffered a cerebellar stroke requiring neurosurgical decompression. This is the first reported case of a sub-occipital craniectomy with brain biopsy in a COVID-19 patient showing leptomeningeal venous intimal inflammation. Clinical description: The patient is a 48-year-old SARS-COV-2 positive male with multiple comorbidities, who presented with fevers and respiratory symptoms, and imaging consistent with multifocal pneumonia. On day 5 of admission, the patient had sudden change in mental status, increased C-Reactive Protein, ferritin and elevated Interleukin-6 levels. Head CT showed cerebral infarction from vertebral artery occlusion. Given subsequent rapid neurologic decline from cerebellar swelling and mass effect on his brainstem emergent neurosurgical intervention was performed. Brain biopsy found a vein with small organizing thrombus adjacent to focally proliferative intima with focal intimal neutrophils. Conclusion: A young man with COVID-19 and suspected immune dysregulation, complicated by a large cerebrovascular ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention for decompression with improved neurological outcomes. Brain biopsy was suggestive of inflammation from thrombosed vessel, and neutrophilic infiltration of cerebellar tissue

A Compilation of Study Models for Dental Pulp Regeneration

Efforts to heal damaged pulp tissue through tissue engineering have produced positive results in pilot trials. However, the differentiation between real regeneration and mere repair is not possible through clinical measures. Therefore, preclinical study models are still of great importance, both to gain insights into treatment outcomes on tissue and cell levels and to develop further concepts for dental pulp regeneration. This review aims at compiling information about different in vitro and in vivo ectopic, semiorthotopic, and orthotopic models. In this context, the differences between monolayer and three-dimensional cell cultures are discussed, a semiorthotopic transplantation model is introduced as an in vivo model for dental pulp regeneration, and finally, different animal models used for in vivo orthotopic investigations are presented