The MERMOSE project: Characterization of particulate matter emissions of a commercial aircraft engine

WOS:000394199200005International audienceThe French national project MERMOSE gathers the capabilities of seven organizations to better characterize commercial aircraft engine emissions and to better understand their impact on nucleation processes in the atmosphere. In this frame, a measurement campaign has been performed on a Snecma/NPO Saturn SaM146-1S17 turbofan. During this work, we used a complete set of on-line and off-line techniques to measure radial and angular profiles of particulate matter (PM) properties in the engine exhaust hot flow. We studied different engine thrust settings, selected to match the aircraft main operating conditions (idle, climb, take-off, approach and "ground" cruise). The mode of the emitted particles size distribution ranged from 17 nm to 55 nm and was sensitive to the thrust. The sampled PM showed a complex morphology and were formed by primary nanoparticles of about 15 rim in diameter. They were mainly composed of carbon (with traces of oxygen, sulfur and calcium) and their organic carbon to total carbon ratio (OC/TC) ratio showed a decrease as a function of the maximum thrust from similar to 80% for 30% thrust setting to similar to 12% for 100%

Semi–technical aero-engine combustors – a glimpse on combustion processes given by in-situ optical techniques

International audienceThe high-pressure combustion of kerosene is studied on a semi-technical aeronautic combustor equipped with a single-swirled injector using laser optical techniques. These experiments answer to nowadays milestones encountered in the aeronautic sector related to energy consumption and emissions reduction. With a focus on these objectives, our study presents a close look into the complex physicochemical processes taking place in severe combustion conditions representative of airplane engine landing-take-off (LTO) operation modes. The primary energy source (combustion) is studied with diagnostics as laser induced fluorescence/incandescence, scattering and particle image velocimetry. These techniques bring information about the precursors of soot particles, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot particles, fuel spray characteristics, and velocity flow fields. Combined results are used to understand and identify the main principles governing the behavior of combustion, production of particulate and gas pollutants, as well as their radiative effects. The feasibility of selected optical techniques in these specific environments is discussed as well

Development of coupled optical techniques for the measurements of soot and precursors in laboratory flame and aero-engine technical combustors

International audienceThis work is focused on the development of planar in-situ laser-based methods serving for the mapping of soot precursors and soot particles in hash combustion conditions. We target the soot molecular precursors and particulates because there are still unanswered questions related to the mechanisms leading to the formation of soot particles and their quantification in harsh combustion conditions. Laser-induced incandescence (LII) at 1064 nm is coupled with laserinduced fluorescence (LIF) at 532 nm to monitor soot and its precursors, respectively, on the MICADO test rig. A progressive approach is followed to implement the optical techniques, where LII/LIF is first tested and evaluated in a laminar diffusion flame, stabilized on a coflow burner at atmospheric pressure. Measurements of soot volume fraction and soot precursors are reported in combustion conditions similar to the cruise cycle in terms of total mass flow rate and pressure into the combustor

Semi–technical aero-engine combustors – a glimpse on combustion processes given by in-situ optical techniques

International audienceThe high-pressure combustion of kerosene is studied on a semi-technical aeronautic combustor equipped with a single-swirled injector using laser optical techniques. These experiments answer to nowadays milestones encountered in the aeronautic sector related to energy consumption and emissions reduction. With a focus on these objectives, our study presents a close look into the complex physicochemical processes taking place in severe combustion conditions representative of airplane engine landing-take-off (LTO) operation modes. The primary energy source (combustion) is studied with diagnostics as laser induced fluorescence/incandescence, scattering and particle image velocimetry. These techniques bring information about the precursors of soot particles, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot particles, fuel spray characteristics, and velocity flow fields. Combined results are used to understand and identify the main principles governing the behavior of combustion, production of particulate and gas pollutants, as well as their radiative effects. The feasibility of selected optical techniques in these specific environments is discussed as well