Essay on the Phenomenon of the Totalization of War

A world free from wars and bloody conflicts was the ideal preached at all times by the best minds of mankind. But man fought in the extreme antiquity, he continues to fight in our days and, apparently, will fight while there are human communities. Representations of the types and nature of wars and armies, defense systems, means and methods of force corresponding to changing realities developed, but at all times human communities in various forms and hypostases did not consider the peace to be a supreme good. In many respects the history of mankind itself appears as an uninterrupted series of wars of tribes, peoples, nations, empires, clans, parties, etc. Some tried to subjugate foreign countries and peoples; others thirsted for military glory, while thirds considered it better to die standing, than to live on their knees. In any case, the justifications for wars always found the most convincing, since man, judging by his deeds, acted as if subconsciously guided by the Mephistophelian maxim - there is nothing in the world that is worth pity. It is also not accidental that from the earliest times skeptics never ceased to assert that homo homini lupus est , that is, man is a wolf to man. And from this formula followed another, no less well-known postulate - bellum omnium contra omnes , i.e. war of all against all. However, this is only one side of the history of mankind. The other side is that the state of an absolute, endless war of all against all would be fraught with the prospect of mutual extermination of countries and peoples. The antithesis of war is peace, every war ends in peace, and different tribes, peoples, human societies, and states from the very beginning sought some kind of modus vivendi, as well as the generally accepted and respected norms and rules that ensure it. In the present article, the author analyzes the causes and forms of the totalization of the war for the last century, especially in the context of global trends - globalization, the information and telecommunication revolution

Physical properties of Ce3-xTe4 below room temperature

The physical properties of polycrystalline Ce3-xTe4 were investigated by measurements of the thermoelectric properties, Hall coefficient, heat capacity, and magnetization. The fully-filled, metallic x=0 compound displays a soft ferromagnetic transition near 4K, and analysis of the corresponding heat capacity anomaly suggests a doublet ground state for Ce^{3+}. The transition is suppressed to below 2K in the insulating x=0.33 composition, revealing that magnetic order in Ce3-xTe4 is driven by an RKKY-type interaction. The thermoelectric properties trend with composition as expected from simple electron counting, and the transport properties in Ce3Te4 are observed to be similar to those in La3Te4. Trends in the low temperature thermal conductivity data reveal that the phonons are efficiently scattered by electrons, while all compositions examined have a lattice thermal conductivity near 1.2W/m/K at 200K.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Regular Discrete Cosine Transform and its Application to Digital Images Representation

Discrete cosine transform dct-i, unlike dct-ii, does not concentrate the energy of a transformed vector sufficiently well, so it is not used practically for the purposes of digital image compression. By performing regular normalization of the basic cosine transform matrix, we obtain a discrete cosine transform which has the same cosine basis as dct-i, coincides as dct-i with its own inverse transform, but unlike dct-i, it does not reduce the proper ability of cosine transform to the energy concentration. In this paper we consider briefly the properties of this transform, its possible integer implementation for the case of 8x8-matrix, its applications to the image itself and to the preliminary rgb colour space transformations, furthermore we investigate some models of quantization, perform an experiment for the estimation of the level of digital images compression and the quality achieved by use of this transform. This experiment shows that the transform can be sufficiently effective for practical use, but the question of its comparative effectiveness with respect to dct-ii remains open

Role and Utility of Mixed Reality Technology in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Outcomes of a Prospective RCT Using an Indigenously Developed Software

OBJECTIVE: To develop a software for mixed reality (MR) anatomical model creation and study its intraoperative clinical utility to facilitate laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval, 47 patients were prospectively randomized for LPN into two groups: the control group (24 patients) underwent operation with an intraoperative ultrasound (US) control and the experimental group (23 patients) with smart glasses HoloLens 2 (Microsoft, Seattle, WA, USA). Our team has developed an open-source software package called “HLOIA,” utilization of which allowed to create and use during surgery the MR anatomical model of the kidney with its vascular pedicle and tumor. The study period extended from June 2020 to February 2021 where demographic, perioperative, and pathological data were collected for all qualifying patients. The objective was to assess the utility of a MR model during LPN and through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, completed by the surgeon, immediately after LPN. Patient characteristics were tested using the chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Comparison of the variables between the groups revealed statistically significant differences only in the following parameters: the time for renal pedicle exposure and the time from the renal pedicle to the detection of tumor localization (p < 0.001), which were in favor of the experimental group. The surgeon's impression of the utility of the MR model by the proposed questionnaire demonstrated high scores in all statements. CONCLUSIONS: Developed open-source software “HLOIA” allowed to create the mixed reality anatomical model by operating urologist which is when used with smart glasses has shown improvement in terms of time for renal pedicle exposure and time for renal tumor identification without compromising safety

Climate change and global warming: The global carbon cycle

Climate change and global warming are intimately linked to the global carbon cycle, a vital aspect of Earth’s natural processes. This cycle plays a central role in regulating the Earth’s climate and atmospheric composition. To better understand these phenomena, it is essential to examine the global carbon cycle and how it interacts with climate change and global warming. This interplay between the carbon cycle and climatic shifts influences our planet’s ecological stability, making it a topic of paramount importance in environmental science. In this exploration, we will delve into the mechanisms and dynamics of the global carbon cycle, its influence on greenhouse gas concentrations, and the feedback loops that contribute to climate change and global warming. Understanding these interconnected processes is fundamental in addressing the ongoing climate crisis and developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies for a more sustainable future

ESTIMATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE VOLUMES OF THE INCREASE TO PRODUCT AND RENDERED SERVICES IN PROGRESS SMALL ENTERPRISE

Role and place of the small business are shown in development of the economy of the country. They are offered heuristic methods of the estimation of the increase and optimization volume of production and rendered services in progress small enterprise in sloppy economic ambience

The growth of ZnO crystals from the melt

The peculiar properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) make this material interesting for very different applications like light emitting diodes, lasers, and piezoelectric transducers. Most of these applications are based on epitaxial ZnO layers grown on suitable substrates, preferably bulk ZnO. Unfortunately the thermochemical properties of ZnO make the growth of single crystals difficult: the triple point 1975 deg C., 1.06 bar and the high oxygen fugacity at the melting point p_O2 = 0.35 bar lead to the prevailing opinion that ZnO crystals for technical applications can only be grown either by a hydrothermal method or from "cold crucibles" of solid ZnO. Both methods are known to have significant drawbacks. Our thermodynamic calculations and crystal growth experiments show, that in contrast to widely accepted assumptions, ZnO can be molten in metallic crucibles, if an atmosphere with "self adjusting" p_O2 is used. This new result is believed to offer new perspectives for ZnO crystal growth by established standard techniques like the Bridgman method.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted for J. Crystal Growt

Methods for monitoring greenhouse gases on the example of the mountain landscapes of the Chechen Republic

The most important factor in social-economic development of society is the success of sustainable development. It is the most important factor in socio-economic development of society to achieve the goals for economic development. Achieving the goals of sustainable development is the most important factor in social development of society. On the territory of countries and regions, economic security is one of the key components for economic security in terms of sustainable development and Economic Security. In countries and regions, it has been found that environmental sustainability is one of the key components for economic security in terms of. With its high volumes, Russia is one of the largest emitters from carbon dioxide in Europe due to his large production and oil and gas produced. A significant reason for this is the presence of carbon dioxide in Russia. The main reason for this is the presence of carbon dioxide in the Russian Federation. Participants in the Kyoto Protocol allow Russia to take account of its gases and take measures to reduce them. The participation in the Kyoto Protocol allowed Russia to take responsibility for its own emission, as well as take steps to reduce them. To take responsibility for its emission and make measures that reduce them was also possible. It was also possible to take responsibility for its emissions and take steps that reduce them. The reason for this is that it has been involved. This is due to the fact that it was participated in the

Ещё раз к вопросу об исламизации Индонезии

The paper is devoted to the complicated problem of islamization of Indonesia. The author describes mainly the three most important theories related to this long cultural process. The first theory, elaborated by W. F. Stutterheim, Chr. Snouck-Hurgronje and L. W. van den Berg, derives Indonesian Islam from Gujarat. Close contacts with India as well as some archeological funds witness for this version. The second theory, (Indonesian scholars maintain it mostly), explains Islamization by activity of Arab sailors. The most known of its partisans is Indonesian theologian Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah or Hamka. The third theory looks as modification of the second, in this case not Arab, but Persian-originated sailors are considered as preachers. Namely its defenders (H. Jayadiningrat and U. A. Hussein) apply culturological approach while arguing for Persian influence. The paper also deals with the first period of spreading of Islam through the territory of modern Indonesia. The special attention is paid also to some significant features of Indonesian Islam.Статья посвящена истории проникновения ислама на территории Индонезии. В работе исследуются существующие в исторической науке теории исламизации архипелага, в частности три наиболее известные. Первая теория, авторами которой являются такие западные ученые, как В. Ф. Стуттерхейм, Х. Снук-Хюргронье, Х. ван ден Берг, связывает процесс исламизации архипелага с индийским регионом Гуджарат. В ее пользу свидетельствуют тесные контакты населения архипелага с выходцами из индийского субконтинента и некоторые археологические находки. Вторая теория, поддерживаемая в основном самими индонезийцами, объясняет процесс исламизации деятельностью арабских мореплавателей. Наиболее известный ее сторонник — индонезийский богослов Хаджи Абдул Карим Амруллах, или Хамка. Существует также третья, персидская, теория, довольно похожая на вторую, с единственным отличием — главный акцент в ней делается на мореплавателях персидского происхождения. Чаще всего её сторонники (Хусейн Джаядининграт и Умар Амир Хусейн) используют культурологический подход в объяснении своей позиции. В статье также исследуется характер распространения религии на раннем этапе. Содержится описание первых мусульманских государств на территории Индонезии. Немалое внимание уделяется специфике индонезийского ислама