Hysteresis-based switching observers for linear systems using quadratic boundedness

Switched-gain observers are investigated for the purpose of estimating the state of linear systems affected by bounded noises. Under mild assumptions, hybrid observers with switching gains are proposed and provided with stability analysis based on quadratic boundedness for the estimation error. Such observers are designed by solving optimization problems aimed at minimizing upper bounds on the estimation error in such a way as to get the smallest invariant set. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated with some numerical case studies

The synergistic effect between positivity, socio-demographic factors and smoking cessation: results of a cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which a effect does exist between Positivity (POS), smoking and socio-demographic factors in determining quitting smoking in subjects participating in a Group Counselling Program (GCP) for smoking cessation.METHODS: 481 subjects were contacted through a telephone call. A logistic regression analysis was carried out. Possible interaction between sociodemographic variables and POS level was tested using the Synergism Index (SI).RESULTS: For individuals with a POS level over or equal to 3.4 the odds of being smoker was significantly higher among females (OR = 1.55), who smoked at home (OR = 2.16) and lower if there had children at home (OR = 0.53). For individuals with a POS level under 3.4, the only significant variable associated with smoking was beinga female (OR = 2.58). As far concerns the synergistic effect between the variables considered does exist between POS levels and having children at home (SI=1.13) and female gender (SI = 2.8).CONCLUSIONS: The synergistic effect between POS and sociodemographic factors adds evidence on the use of POS as possible determinants of individual happiness

Virtualit\ue0 al quadrato: proposta di sperimentazione di un ambiente didattico universitario in Second Life

Il presente lavoro intende esplorare le possibilit\ue0 offerte da Second Life in ambito online-learning, sperimentando un percorso di allestimento di ambienti di apprendimento in ambito universitario attraverso metodologie didattiche e strumenti che si avvalgono della sinergia fra due tecnologie: da una parte, la ricostruzione tridimensionale di un contesto formativo accademico utilizzando la piattaforma Second Life valorizzata dall'introduzione di nuovi tool, dall'altra l'interfacciamento con Moodle, nella delineazione di un possibile utilizzo a livello didattico

A review of available analytical methods to detect ancient salt production

In ancient historical records, the significance of salt (NaCl) has consistently held considerable prominence. Consider, for instance, its pivotal role in the genesis and evolution of the city of Rome (Giovannini, 1985). According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Roman Antiquities, 2.53–55), one of the first wars undertaken by Romulus was against Veii, also for control of the saltworks located at the mouth of the Tiber River, which were then controlled by that city. Venice owes a substantial portion of its early growth to the trade in salt, an essential commodity sourced from diverse corners of the Mediterranean (Hocquet, 1979, 2022). Unfortunately, salt is also highly soluble in water; therefore, its presence is difficult to prove. Research on the methods of salt production, trade, and consumption in antiquity has long suffered from enforced oblivion due to the difficulty of identifying its traces in the archaeological record. In the past two decades, the field of archaeology has witnessed a proliferation of sophisticated methodologies derived from the so-called hard sciences. Physics and chemistry have offered the possibility, if not to directly identify salt crystals, at least to identify their proxies, understood as the physicochemical consequences of their presence. Various tools and methods have been applied to case studies, with differing degrees of success. The primary aim of this contribution is to present a state-of-the-art review (Booth et al., 2022; Efron and Ravid, 2018) of these methods, elucidating the strengths and shortcomings inherent to each approach. The intention is to provide an overview of the subject to facilitate the choice of the appropriate analytical method for researchers who need it and to suggest some new methodological approaches to the scientific community that could advance the field of study

Increased creatine demand during pregnancy in Arginine: Glycine Amidino-Transferase deficiency: A case report

Background: Creatine (Cr), an amino acid derivative, is one of the most important sources of energy acting as both a spatial and temporal energy buffer through its phosphorylated analogue phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine kinase (CK). Maternal Cr biosynthesis and metabolism seem to play an important role in pregnancy, as shown in preclinical and in healthy human pregnancy studies. Patients with Arginine:Glycine Amidino-Transferase deficiency (AGAT-d), due to the deficit of the first enzyme involved in Cr synthesis, are at a disadvantage due to their failure to synthesize Cr and their dependence on external intake, in contrast to normal subjects, where changes in Cr biosynthesis supply their needs. We report the outcomes of a pregnancy in an AGAT-d woman, and the challenge we faced in managing her treatment with oral Cr to ensure optimal conditions for her fetus. Case presentation: A 22-year-old AGAT-d woman referred to our Institute for the management of her first conception at 11 weeks of fetal gestational age. Sonographic monitoring at 20 w GA indicated a reduction of fetal growth, in particular of the head circumference that was below the 3rd centile. Biochemical monitoring of Cr in biological fluids of the mother revealed a decline of the Cr concentrations, in particular in the urine sample, requiring prompt correction of the Cr dose. At 35 weeks of gestation the patient delivered a male infant, heterozygous for GATM mutation, with normal brain Cr levels; at one year the baby achieved typical developmental milestones. Conclusions: This rare pregnancy demonstrates that Cr levels in the blood and urine of the mother with AGAT-d decreased since the first months of gestation. The increase of the Cr daily dose administered to the mother seems to have produced beneficial effects also on the fetus

A comprehensive analysis of the psychometric properties of the contingencies of self-worth scale (CSWS)

The Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (CSWS) is a widely used personality self-report questionnaire developed for measuring the domains in which self-esteem is sustained by successes and achievements as well as threatened by obstacles and failures. Two studies (N study1 = 453, N study2 = 293) aimed to further refine our knowledge of its psychometric properties. Results attested that, at the first-order level, the originally hypothesized seven-factor model proved to be the best-fitting one, but the inclusion of a method factor significantly improved the fit to the data. At the second-order level, the model with two higher-order variables representing private sphere and public sphere of CSW fit better than alternative models. Finally, there was evidence that first- and second-order domains had a good degree of construct and discriminant validity. Overall, these studies provided a step forward in refining the psychometric structure of the CSWS

Reverse Engineering of a Racing Motorbike Connecting Rod

The following scientific paper aims to analyze in detail the methodology for reverse engineering of a racing motorcycle connecting rod. The objective is to start with a product available on the market as a spare part, reconstruct its CAD model with a high standard of accuracy, then proceed with lightening modifications to arrive at a new, improved design. The innovative aspect of the procedure lies in the fact that in order to ensure accuracy on the order of a tenth of a millimeter during reconstruction, it was decided to use a FARO articulated arm laser to scan the component’s outer surface. By taking advantage of appropriate redesign CAD software (Geomagic Design X), a reconstruction can proceed within the high standard of accuracy imposed. In conclusion, the modifications made through material removal allow an improvement in product efficiency, ensuring high performance

Strengthening of the hydrological cycle in future scenarios: atmospheric energy and water balance perspective

Abstract. Future climate scenarios experiencing global warming are expected to strengthen the hydrological cycle during the 21st century (21C). We analyze the strengthening of the global-scale increase in precipitation from the perspective of changes in whole atmospheric water and energy balances. By combining energy and water equations for the whole atmosphere, we obtain constraints for the changes in surface fluxes and partitioning at the surface between sensible and latent components. We investigate the differences in the strengthening of the hydrological cycle in two centennial simulations performed with an Earth system model forced with specified atmospheric concentration pathways. Alongside the Special Report on Emissions Scenario (SRES) A1B, which is a medium-high non-mitigation scenario, we consider a new aggressive-mitigation scenario (E1) with reduced fossil fuel use for energy production aimed at stabilizing global warming below 2 K. Our results show that the mitigation scenario effectively constrains the global warming with a stabilization below 2 K with respect to the 1950–2000 historical period. On the other hand, the E1 precipitation does not follow the temperature field toward a stabilization path but continues to increase over the mitigation period. Quite unexpectedly, the mitigation scenario is shown to strengthen the hydrological cycle even more than SRES A1B till around 2070. We show that this is mostly a consequence of the larger increase in the negative radiative imbalance of atmosphere in E1 compared to A1B. This appears to be primarily related to decreased sulfate aerosol concentration in E1, which considerably reduces atmospheric absorption of solar radiation compared to A1B. The last decades of the 21C show a marked increase in global precipitation in A1B compared to E1, despite the fact that the two scenarios display almost the same overall increase of radiative imbalance with respect to the 20th century. Our results show that radiative cooling is weakly effective in A1B throughout the 21C. Two distinct mechanisms characterize the diverse strengthening of the hydrological cycle in the middle and end- 21C. It is only through a very large perturbation of surface fluxes that A1B achieves a larger increase in global precipitation in the last decades of the 21C. Our energy/water budget analysis shows that this behavior is ultimately due to a bifurcation in the Bowen ratio change between the two scenarios. This work warns that mitigation policies that promote aerosol abatement, may lead to an unexpected stronger intensification of the hydrological cycle and associated changes that may last for decades after global warming is effectively mitigated. On the other hand, it is also suggested that predictable components of the radiative forcing by aerosols may have the potential to effectively contribute to the decadal-scale predictability of changes in the hydrological strength

Clinical relevance of silent red blood cell autoantibodies.

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Developing innovative crutch using IDeS (industrial design structure) methodology

The present study wants to bring to light a new type of crutch designed for a chronic patient with perennial limited mobility, who must use this support every time a move is needed. The main purpose of the project consists in recommending a correct use of the crutch through technology, limiting the damage normally caused by a bad use of crutches and giving a support both for the patient and for the doctor. All of the features of the crutches were defined through relationship matrices and a benchmarking, which helped us for defining the requirements; other important features were defined, taking a look to the technological progresses applied to new, patented crutches. The result is a sensorized crutch, functional and oriented to meet the user's needs in order to prevent an incorrect use of the support avoiding the growth of other pains