Interventions to improve ergonomics in the operating theatre: A systematic review of ergonomics training and intra-operative microbreaks

Musculoskeletal occupational injury is prevalent within the surgical community. This is a multi-factorial issue, but is contributed to by physical posture, environmental hazards and administrative deficiency. There is growing awareness of this issue, with several behavioural, educational and administrative techniques being employed. The literature on this topic is, however, sporadic and difficult to access by healthcare practitioners. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on the current interventions used to minimise musculoskeletal occupational injury in surgeons and interventionalists. This review will focus on administrative and human factor interventions, such as intra-operative microbreaks and ergonomics training

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium(V) with N-p-Chlorophenyl-2-naphthohydroxamic Acid and Investigation of Its Solid Complex

A simple, selective and sensitive method for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(V) using N-p-chlorophenyl- 2-naphthohydroxamic acid (CP-2-NHA) is described. Vanadium( V) is quantitatively extracted from 3-8.4 M HCl as a violet complex with CP-2-NHA into chloroform. Beer\u27s law is applicable in the concentration range 34 and 224 fig of vanadium(V) per 25 ml of chloroform extract. The Sandell sensitivity of the system is 0.0089 μg/cm2 at 530 nm. The method has been satisfactorily employed for the determination of vanadium in steel. The solid complex, VOCI (C11H11N02Cl)2, was prepared and characterised by melting point, elemental analysis, visible and infrared spectra

RNA interference for CFTR attenuates lung fluid absorption at birth in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against αENaC (α-subunit of the epithelial Na channel) and CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) was used to explore ENaC and CTFR function in newborn rat lungs.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-four hours after trans-thoracic intrapulmonary (ttip) injection of siRNA-generating plasmid DNA (pSi-0, pSi-4, or pSi-C₂), we measured CFTR and ENaC expression, extravascular lung water, and mortality.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>αENaC and CFTR mRNA and protein decreased by ~80% and ~85%, respectively, following αENaC and CFTR silencing. Extravascular lung water and mortality increased after αENaC and CFTR-silencing. In pSi-C₂-transfected isolated DLE cells there were attenuated CFTR mRNA and protein. In pSi-4-transfected DLE cells αENaC mRNA and protein were both reduced. Interestingly, CFTR-silencing also reduced αENaC mRNA and protein. αENaC silencing, on the other hand, only slightly reduced CFTR mRNA and protein.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Thus, ENaC and CFTR are both involved in the fluid secretion to absorption conversion around at birth.</p

Full-mouth disinfection versus one-stage full-mouth mechanical debridement in the management of adult periodontitis - clinical results

published_or_final_versio

Full-mouth disinfection versus one-stage mechanical debridement in the management of adult periodontitis - microbiological morphotype monitoring

published_or_final_versio

Solid solubility and charge compensation/exchange mechanisms in Ga- or Mn-Doped CeO<inf>2</inf> thin films on 3D printed biomedical titanium alloy

CeO2 films doped with 0–9 mol% Ga/Mn were fabricated by spin coating on 3D-printed Ti6Al4V, calcined at 650 °C for 2 h, and characterised by TEM, FESEM, 3D laser scanning confocal microscopy, GAXRD, and XPS. The results depend on the roles of several factors: (1) Sol-gel precursor viscosity affected pore filling and surface coverage. (2) Lattice contraction and resultant intervalence charge transfer increased the Ce3+ concentration as a minority effect. (3) Substitutional solid solubility and associated redox charge compensation controlled the defect equilibria, which highlight the majority role of this solid solubility mechanism in decreasing the Ce3+ concentration. (4) Electronegativity played a negligible role in affecting the valences but was important in initiating intervalence charge transfer. (5) Multivalence charge transfer combined electron exchanges between film matrix, dopants, and Ti substrate. The present work provides a foundation to interpret the effects of extrinsic effects from both dopant and substrate on the properties of films

APPLICATION OF MERSEYSIDE COMMUNITY CHILD HEALTH SURVEY DATA FOR ESTIMATING HEALTH RISKS FROM AIR POLLUTION AND EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE DURING PREGNANCY

Introduction: Air pollution is a serious public and environmental health risk that can result in child health problems. Environmental exposures have been well documented in the Sefton area of Liverpool with increased concern about air pollution effects on child health near to the Bootle Dock area. Rationale: The main priority is to improve child environmental health indicators using existing information and to identify the knowledge gaps and risk groups for developing new policies. There is need for improving linkage and analysis of data from currently available resources. Aim: To develop and establish a combined database of air pollution indicators, cigarette smoke exposure and health variables for the first time in UK using the 2006 Sefton Community Child Health Survey, and to complete a descriptive analysis of environmental exposures and child health. Objectives: (1) To compute odds ratio estimates for adverse birth and child health outcomes in relation to PM10, NOx emissions and PM10, NO2 concentrations and combined with pregnancy smoking categories and to estimate mean emissions for NOX and PM10, and mean concentrations for PM10 and NO2 in areas with high and low prevalence of adverse birth and child health outcomes. (2) To estimate population attributable risks for relevant child health outcomes and to develop Venn diagrams and spatial maps of health risk profiles. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by linking air pollution data from Sefton area with data available from the Community Child Health Survey in 2006 using postcode sectors. PM10 and NOx monitoring data were available as total and average emissions measured in tonnes per annum and NO2 and PM10 concentrations data in microgram per metre3. Outcome variables included birth and child health outcomes. SPSS 20 was used for univariate analysis and backward stepwise logistic regression, and results were illustrated using Venn diagram and spatial mapping techniques. The research project had ethical approval from the Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital NHS Trust Ethical Committee, Alder Hey. Results: Data from 792 school children aged 5 to 11 years from 10 schools combined with corresponding air pollution data were used. There was independent association of childhood obesity with combined high NOX-PM10 emissions + maternal pregnancy smoking (Adjusted OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.22-16.43, p = 0.024); and croup with high NOX-PM10 emissions + paternal smoking during pregnancy (AOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.84, p=0.034), and high NOX-PM10 emissions + household smoking during pregnancy (AOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.70, p=0.015) after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion: Combined high NOx-PM10 emissions and maternal smoking during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. Sequential community surveys of child health linked with air pollution data have an important role in assessing air pollution exposures and outcomes with the potential use of visual illustrations in child health promotion activities

Application of genetic markers to forest tree species: Draft report to IPGRI of the project Developing Decision-making Strategies on priorities for conservation and use of forest genetic resources

The application of genetic markers such as allozymes and DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) markers has shown to be useful in studying genetic diversity in humans, animals and plants (Cruzan, 1998). This section of this manual attempts to give guidelines for choosing appropriate molecular tools for the study of genetic variation in species under different conservation status. In general, forest trees can be categorized as totally wild species , trees of economic importance (both un- or semi- domesticated species) and lastly, model forest trees, which are being intensively managed through tree breeding

Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Triorganotin Carboxylates Containing Functionalised Ester Groups in Tests Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Bacterial screening employing the agar diffusion test on triphenyltin carboxylates containing various functional residues in the ester moiety revealed appreciable differences in their activities relative to triphenyltin acetate. Among these, [3-(Diethylphosphono)propionato] triphenyltin (1) and [N-cyclohexylcarbamoyl) glycinato] triphenyltin displayed activities comparable to tri-n-butyltin cinnamate (2) towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; the latter compound was the most active among the eleven triorganotin compounds tested, which included cyclopentyldiphenyltin hydroxide (3) and its methacrylate derivative. Applying the more quantitative plate count and optical density tests on compounds 1-3, it was shown that their inhibitory activity ranked in the order 2 > 3 >1. Significantly, 3 caused around 90% inhibition of both Eschechia coli (−) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (−) when incubated for 24 h at 37±1℃ at the 10.0 μg/ mL concentration level. Compound 2 was less effective against P.aeruginosa than against E.coli. While the Gram-positive bacteria were all readily inhibited, Bacillus subtilis (+) appeared to the most susceptible among them towards the test compounds