REDUCING WATER ENTRY IMPACT LOADS ON MARINE STRUCTURES BY SURFACE MODIFICATION

In this study, the effect of hydrophobicity in reducing the impact forces during the water entry of complex geometries has been demonstrated on bow flare slamming and wet deck slamming. Superhydrophobic surfaces with a contact angle of 1600 and a hysteresis of 30 which shows a wetting regime in the Cassie–Baxter state were obtained via a chemical coating. By conducting drop tests with a bow flare ship section model and a catamaran section model at various impact velocities, jet flows, water pileups and air cavities were compared between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic cases via high speed camera images. The impact loads acting on the test bodies under hydrophobic effects were also compared via strain gauge measurements. The rise time of the strain values was measured shorter with smaller magnitudes in the hydrophobic cases. The modification in the jet flow propagation affects the total impact force. The results showed that hydrophobicity modifies the water uprising characteristics and energy balances, and reduces the impact loads acting on marine structures during slamming events

Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmelerin Karşılaştığı Sorunlar ve Devir Planlaması: Avrupa Birliği Projesi Kapsamında Bir Alan Araştırması The Challenges that Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Face and Succession Planning: A Field Research in the Scope of an EU Project

Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmeler ekonomik büyüme ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma açısından oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ayrıca KOBİ'ler ülke ekonomilerinde %99'dan fazla bir alanı kaplamaktadır ve istihdama büyük katkı sağlamaktadır. KOBİ'lerin yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri ise birçok faktöre bağlıdır. Devir planlaması KOBİ'lerin bir sonraki nesle iş transferinin yapılabilmesi ve dolayısıyla KOBİ'nin yaşamının devam etmesi adına oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma Avrupa Birliği Erasmus+ KA2 Yetişkin Eğitimi programı kapsamında desteklenen Intogeneration projesi kapsamında Türkiye, Almanya, İspanya, Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan'da gerçekleştirilen alan araştırmalarında Türkiye alan araştırması sonuçlarını paylaşmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yapılan alan araştırması ile KOBİ’lerin karşılaştıkları iç ve dış sorunları belirlemek, aile şirketlerinin bir sonraki kuşağa geçişlerde devir planlaması hakkındaki mevcut durumlarını ve görüşlerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek için literatürdeki çalışmalar, uzman ve akademisyen görüşleri ile birlikte proje ortaklarının yapmış olduğu odak grup çalışmalarının ardından 22 sorudan oluşan anket formu geliştirilmiştir. Anket uygulaması yüz yüze ve çevrim içi olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankara ilinde gerçekleştirilen alan araştırması sonucunda toplamda 387 kişi anket formunu doldurmuş fakat 110 anket eksik veya hatalı doldurulduğu için değerlendirme dışı bırakılmıştır. Toplanan veriler kodlanarak analize uygun hale getirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda frekans ve yüzde dağılımları hesaplanmış ve kategorik verilerin kıyaslanmasında Pearson Ki Kare testi kullanılmıştır. KOBİ'lerin en sık karşılaştığı sorunların başına fiyat rekabetinin ve kalifiye personel ihtiyacının geldiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca KOBİ'lerin büyük çoğunluğunun devir planlaması yapmadığı ve bir sonraki nesle iş transferi yapmakla ile ilgili herhangi bir hazırlıklarının olmadığı görülmüştür. Devir planlaması ile ilgili farkındalığın arttırılmasına yönelik faaliyetlerin düzenlenmesi ve bu konuya eğitim programlarında daha geniş yer verilmesi önerilebilir. Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have a very significant importance in terms of sustainable development and economic growth. In most countries’, SMEs cover a field more than %99 percent in all enterprises and they also make a great contribution to the employment but most cannot transfer the business to the next generation as their survival depends on many factors. At this point, succession planning is one of the most important factor that supports making business transfer to next generation and for SMEs’ survival. This paper aims to share the Turkey results of the field research findings which was implemented through Turkey, Germany, Spain, Greece and Bulgaria. The field research in different countries aims to identify the internal and external challenges that SMEs face and to evaluate the current status and views of SMEs about succession planning. In order to achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire form that includes 22 items was developed by reviewing literature, considering the views of academicians, and making focus group meetings by the Project partners. The questionnaires were implemented in Ankara province by using online channels and face to face reviews. In total, 387 responses were collected but 110 of them were not considered as they have not been correctly filled. Totally, 277 questionnaire forms were considered for the analysis. The collected data was coded by the researcher, and frequency and percentage distribution were calculated. Pearson ChiSquare was implemented for the comparison of categorical data. According to research findings, it is found that the most frequent challenges that SMEs face are the price competition and the need for qualified employee. In addition, it was observed that the majority of SMEs did not make any succession plan and they did not have any preparations for transferring business to the next generation. It is recommended to organize activities to increase awareness about succession planning and to give a broader scope to this subject in training programs

Moyamoya disease associated with antiphospholipid syndrome

Moyamoya (MMD) is a disease that often involves the vascular structures of anterior cerebral circulation, particularly the proximal segments of anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The etiology of the disease is unknown. MMD often presents with cerebral ischemia and rarely with cerebral hemorrhage. The pathology is termed Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) when the pathological cerebral angiography findings are accompanied by meningitis, neurofibromatosis, neoplasm, Down syndrome or polycystic kidney disease. Autoimmune diseases including Graves’ disease, Behcet’s disease and antiphospholipid syndrome might also lead to the development of MMS. In this manuscript, we presented an interesting case of MMD associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, which is quite a rare cause of acute cerebral infarction in childhoo

Are there fetal stem cells in the maternal brain?

GUZEL, Ali irfan/0000-0002-9720-5920; Tunc, Erdal/0000-0003-4964-1004;WOS: 000317029800002PubMed: 25206703Fetal cells can enter maternal blood during pregnancy but whether they can also cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain remains poorly understood. Previous results suggest that fetal cells are summoned to repair damage to the mother's brain. If this is confirmed, it would open up new and safer avenues of treatment for brain damage caused by strokes and neural diseases. in this study, we aimed to investigate whether a baby's stem cells can enter the maternal brain during pregnancy. Deceased patients who had at least one male offspring and no history of abortion and blood transfusion were included in this study. DNA was extracted from brain tissue samples of deceased women using standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation methods. Genomic DNA was screened by quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction amplification together with short tandem repeat markers specific to the Y chromosome, and 13, 18, 21 and X. Any foreign DNA residues that could be used to interpret the presence of fetal stem cells in the maternal brain were monitored. Results indicated that fetal stem cells can not cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain.Research Funds of University of Cukurova, TurkeyCukurova UniversityThe study was supported by Research Funds of University of Cukurova, Turkey

Yenidoğandan adolesana COVID-19 pandemisinde çocuklarda kardiyak tutulum şekilleri

Introduction: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected people of all ages all across the world, with children accounting for 1.7 percent of cases. Despite the fact that over 90% of children with COVID-19 had asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease, new worries about hyperinflammatory states or Kawasaki-like disease have surfaced. Materials and Methods: We would like to present 17 patients with different patterns of myocardial involvement. They were selected from our database of 214 patients (19 newborns) hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment in our pediatrics clinic from March 2020 to October 2020. Selection criteria involved cardiac involvement in terms of positive laboratory findings (elevated troponin I) electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings. Results: Cardiac involvement was detected in only 17 (7.9%) of the 214 hospitalized patients. Patients were grouped into three categories according to their hospitalization units which were neonatal intensive care, pediatric intensive care and pediatric inpatient clinic. Most of our patients (88.2%) had elevated troponin I levels whereas 12 patients (70.5%) had abnormal electrocardiograms and echocardiographic exams. Fourteen (82.3%) of patients with high troponin I levels had also abnormal electrocardiograms whereas 13 (76.4%) of them had abnormal echocardiographic exams. Conclusion: Although we did not observe cardiac involvement in most of the patients (92.1%) hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment in our pediatrics clinic, subjects with involvement had quite diverse patterns ranging from only troponin I elevation to the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children needing arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy.Giriş: COVID-19 çocuklarda hafif seyirli bir hastalık olmakla beraber, Kawasaki benzeri hastalık ya da hiperinflamatuar durumlar ile kendini gösterebilmektedir. Biz çalışmamızda COVID-19 pandemisinde çocuklarda kardiyak tutulum sıklığı ve şekillerini ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mart 2020 ile Ekim 2020 arasında SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu nedeni ile pediatri kliniğimizde tedavi gören 214 hastamızdan değişik şekillerde kardiyak tutulum gözlediğimiz 17 hastayı sunmak istiyoruz. Hastaların seçilme kriterleri laboratuar (artmış troponin I), elektrokardiyografik ve ekokardiyografik bulgulara dayanmaktadır. Hastalar tedavi gördükleri birimler olan pediatri servisi, yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi ve çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesi olarak üç ayrı gruba ayrılmışlardır. Bulgular: Kardiyak tutulum 214 hastanın %7,9’unda gözlenmiş olup bunların %88.2’sinde troponin I yüksekliği, %70,5’inde anormal elektrokardiyografi bulguları ve yine %70,5’inde anormal elektrokardiyografi bulguları saptadık. Troponin I yüksekliği saptanan hastaların %82.3’ünde beraberinde anormal elektrokardiyografi bulguları saptanırken, yine bu hastaların %76.4’ünde anormal ekokardiyografi bulguları saptadık. Yedi hasta çoklu sistem inflamatuar sendromu olarak değerlendirildi. Sonuç: SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu tedavisi alan hastalarımızın büyük bir kısmında kardiyak tutulum tespit etmedik. Tutulum saptadığımız hastalarda ise tutulum şekli oldukça değişkenlik göstermekte idi. Lakin bu yelpazenin bir ucunda sadece troponin I yüksekliği olan hastalarımız var iken diğer ucunda ekstrakorporeal membran oksijenizasyonu tedavisine ihtiyaç duyan sol ventrikül sistolik fonksiyon bozukluğu olan hastalarımız mevcuttu

Primary care experiences of outpatients admitted to department of psychiatry in adnan menderes university medical school

Bu çalısmada Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi (ADÜ) Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri poliklinigine basvuran hastaların ruhsal sorunları nedeniyle ilk basvuru merkezlerinin saptanması ve ilk basvuruyu birinci basamaga yapanların bu merkezlerdeki verilen hizmetle ilgili degerlendirmelerinin saptanması amaçlandı. Ocak-Subat 2006 döneminde ADÜ Tıp Fakültesine Psikiyatri poliklinigine basvuran hastalara sosyodemografik bilgileri, ruhsal ve diger rahatsızlıklar nedeniyle birinci basamaga ilk basvuru sıklıkları, tercih etme veya etmeme nedenleri ve yasadıkları deneyimleri ile ilgili 26 sorudan olusan anket formu uygulandı. : Saglık sorunları nedeniyle ilk basvuruyu saglık ocaklarına yapanlar; psikiyatrik sorunlar için 44 (% 17.7), psikiyatri dısı saglık sorunları nedeniyle 169 (% 66.3) kisiydi. Ilk basvuruyu saglık ocagına yapanların 29'u (% 65.9) kadın, 30'u (% 68.2) evli, 25'i (% 56.9) lise veya üniversite mezunu, 39'u (%93.2) düsük/orta gelir seviyesine sahipti. Ruhsal rahatsızlıkları için birinci basamaga basvuran 33 kisiye (%75'sine) 1-10 dakika arasında bilgi verilmis; 3'ü (%9.7) sevk edilmis, 18'ine (%58.1) ilaç yazılmıs, 9'una (%29.0) önce ilaç yazılmıs sonra sevk edilmisti. Ancak sadece 3 kisi (%9.7) kendilerine verilen bilgiden tatmin oldugunu belirtmisti. Katılımcılardan sadece 57'si (%22.9) ruhsal sorunlar nedeniyle pratisyen hekime güvendigini belirtmistir. Birinci basamaktaki pratisyen hekime güvenmeme nedenleri olarak: sadece uzman hekim anlayabilir (n=79, %54.5), egitimleri yetersiz (n=52, %35.9), psikiyatrik hastalık digerlerinden farklıdır (n=12, %8.3), hastalıgım gizli kalmalı (n=4, %2.8) olarak belirtilmistir. Psikiyatrik sorunlar nedeniyle birinci basamak saglık merkezini tercih etme oranı oldukça düsüktür. Birinci basamakta psikiyatrik görüsme için ayrılan süre ile birlikte, birinci basamaktaki psikiyatrik hizmetlerden tatmin olma ve pratisyen hekime olan güvenin sınırlı oldugu görülmektedir.In the present study, we aimed to investigate to which primary care facilities did the psychiatric outpatients applied very first time due to their psychiatric problems before coming to the Psychiatry Department of University ofAdnan Menderes and what were their satisfaction ratios with service given by the primary care. The data were collected from the psychiatric outpatients consecutively assessed in the University clinic in Aydın during the first two months of 2006. The voluntered patients were administered a questionnaire consisting of 26 questions probing patients' previous experiences at, and attitudes toward primary care facilities. The participants of the study were 160 female and 89 male with a mean age of 38.9. (17.7%) reported to have applied to primary care facilities for psychiatric problems, and 169 participants (66.3%) reported to have applied for medical problems. Of these patients, 29 (65.9%) were female, 30 (68.2%) were married, 25 (56.9%) were high school or university graduates, and 39 (93.2%) were from middle or low income families. Of these patients initially applied to primary care facilities for psychiatric complaints, 33 (75%) reported to have been informed by the physician on the diagnoses and treatment for 1-10 minutes, and only 3 patients reported to have been satisfied with the information provided. Fiftyseven (22.9%) participants felt that she/he could rely on the competence of the practitioner in dealing with mental problems. Reported reasons for not relying on the practitioners were; the opinion that only psychiatrist are competent in diagnosing and treating mental disorders (54.5%), the sentiment that practitioners have not been trained enough to deal with mental disorders (35.9%), the idea that psychiatric disorders are entirely different than medical disorders (8.3%), and the wish to keep his /her disturbance secret (2.8%). The ratio of individuals with psychiatric complaints who choose to apply to primary care facilities is quite low. The main reasons for this is the insufficient interview time reserved for each psychiatric patient, causing a discontent and distrust in patients

The relationship between oxytocin, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide levels and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxytocin (OXT), vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels and cognitive functions in schzophrenia as well as to compare the findings to those in healthy controls. Method: Patients with chronic schizophrenia and (n=63) healthy controls (n=60) were evaluated with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (VLT), the Trail Making Test A-B (TMT), the Stroop Test, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Visual Production Subscale (WMS-V) and the Facial Emotion Recognition Tests. Blood samples were analysed by using ELISA. In the data analysis, the percentage distributions of the variables were obtained, the centrality and prevalence measures (mean, standard deviation) were calculated for the continuous variables, and the dependent and independent variables were evaluated using the chi-square test, the Student's t-test, and the Pearson correlation test. High score variables were determined by principal component analysis. For comparisons between groups; MANOVA applied. Results: Serum OXT, AVP and ANP levels did not differ between the groups. In the healthy control group, subscales of the Stroop, WMS-V and TMT-B tests showed better scores and correlated with levels of OXT (p < .05). In the healthy controls, ANP levels and social cognition had a relationship with response times to happy facial expressions (p < .05). The correlations of OXT, AVP and ANP with the social and cognitive parameters were different between the control group and the schizophrenia group (p < .05). Conclusion: The different correlations in the healthy controls and schizophrenia group suggest deteriorations in the interactions and functions of hormones in patients and highlights the need for new investigations into different neurodegenerative illness samples

Atrial natriuretic peptide and posterior pituitary neurohormone changes in patients with acute schizophrenia

Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that the AVP level was higher, but OXT and ANP levels were lower in the patients having acute schizophrenia. Specifically OXT is related with reduced disease severity and increased functionality

У самості («Я») ключ до Всесвіту

According to the retrospective analysis of the prominent representatives of European philosophy regarding knowledge and belief, the author suggests that the Universe is a “receptacle” of knowledge about the world, and one source of the knowledge origin is religion. Moreover, he depicts that the source of ideas’ interpretation and new meanings receiving in the Islamic tradition is the collection “Risale-i Nur” written by the Turkish theologian Bediüzzaman Said Nursi. The new distinctive understanding of relations between the Qur’an - the book of “Divine language attribute” and the Universe - the book of “Divine will attribute” is offered in “Risale-i Nur”. Bediüzzaman constantly draws attention to the Universe, demonstrates how “to read” it via the Qur’anic methodology, how to understand the eternal sense any that creation points at, and how to come to the conclusions mentioned in the Qur’an. Analysing the particular volumes of “Risale-i Nur” (namely, “The Words”, “The Letters”, “The Flashes”, “The Rays”), the author highlights originality of Said Nursi’s considerations that are neither similar to the wisdom of the East nor to the science of the West. “Risale-i Nur” is proved to reveal the conceptual meanings and the true values of the Universe by the direct inspiration of the Qur’an and not merely on the real rational deductions. Having accepted knowledge and observations in the light of pages and words from the book of the Universe, Nursi revealed the direct connection between the Qur’an and the Universe. Thus, he proved that there were not any contradictions between them and factually, they were written by the same author. Consequently, when “selfness” (the “I”) is properly involved, it is obvious for a person that the book of the Universe is not different in any way for the revelation. The definitions of Said Nursi exist in four main concepts: one has the sense of the other; every notion contains its definition, intentions and perceptions. When the nature of “selfness” is known and used as described, it offers perceptions that does not reject the products of philosophical and scientific approach and interprets them in the light of revelation, transforming all information into the wisdom. Therefore, the key to deciphering a book of the Universe is in the human nature and its selfness.На основании ретроспективного анализа рассуждений о знании и вере выдающихся представителей европейской философии автор статьи подводит читателя к мысли, что Вселенная является «вместилищем» значений о мире, и одним из источников изобретения этих значений является религия. Далее он показывает, что источником интерпретации смыслов и получения новых значений в Исламской традиции является сборник «Рисале-и Нур» турецкого богослова Бадиуззамана Саида Нурси. В «Рисале-и Нур» предложено новое понимание характера отношений между Кораном - книгой «Божественного атрибута языка» - и Вселенной - книгой Силы «Божественного атрибута Воли». Бадиуззаман постоянно обращает внимание читателей на Вселенную, демонстрируя, как «читать» его с помощью курианской методологии, как понять вечный смысл, на который указывает творение, и как прийти к выводам, указанным в Коране. Анализируя конкретные тома «Рисале-и Нур» (в частности «Слова», «Письма», «Вспышки», «Лучи»), автор статьи показывает оригинальность суждений Саида Нурси, не происходящих ни от мудрости Востока, ни от науки Запада. Доказывается, что «Рисале-и Нур» раскрывает значение понятий и настоящих значений Вселенной прямым вдохновением из Корана, а не только на основании рациональных умозаключений. Воспринимая знания и наблюдения как страницы и слова из книги Вселенной, Нурси осуществляет прямую связь между Кораном и Вселенной. Тем самым он доказывает, что между ними нет противоречия, и фактически они оба написаны одним автором. Итак, когда «самость» ( «Я») задействована должным образом, человеку становится очевидно, что то, о чем рассказывает книга Вселенной, ничем не отличается от откровения. Определение Саида Нурси существует в рамках четырех основных понятий: одно имеет смысл другого, одно - которое означает себя, намерения и восприятие. Когда природа «самости» известна и используется как описано, она предлагает восприятие, не пренебрегающее продуктами философского и научного подходов, а скорее интерпретирует их в свете откровения, превращая всю информацию в мудрость. Поэтому ключ к расшифровке книги Вселенной кроется в природе человека и его самости.На підставі ретроспективного аналізу міркувань про знання та віру визначних представників європейської філософії автор статті підводить читача до думки, що Всесвіт є «вмістилищем» значень про світ, і одним з джерел винаходження цих значень є релігія. Далі він показує, що джерелом інтерпретації смислів та отримання нових значень в Ісламський традиції є збірка «Рісале-і Нур» турецького богослова Бадіуззамана Саїда Нурсі. В «Рісале-і Нур» запропоновано нове розуміння характеру відносин між Кораном - книгою «Божественного атрибуту мови» - та Всесвітом - книгою Сили «Божественного атрибуту Волі». Бадіуззаман постійно звертає увагу читачів на Всесвіт, демонструючи, як «читати» його за допомогою куранської методології, як зрозуміти вічний сенс, на який вказує творення, і як дійти до висновків, зазначених у Корані. Аналізуючи конкретні томи «Рісале-і Нур» (зокрема «Слова», «Листи», «Спалахи», «Промені»), автор статті показує оригінальність міркувань Саїда Нурсі, які не походять ані від мудрості Сходу, ані від науки Заходу. Доводиться, що «Рісале-і Нур» розкриває значення понять та справжніх значень Всесвіту прямим натхненням з Корану, а не лише на підставі раціональних умовиводів. Сприймаючи знання та спостереження як сторінки та слова з книги Всесвіту, Нурсі здійснює прямий зв’язок між Кораном та Всесвітом. Тим самим він доводить, що між ними немає суперечності, і фактично вони обидва написані одним автором. Отже, коли «самість» («Я») задіяна належним чином, людині стає очевидним, що те, про що розповідає книга Всесвіту, нічим не відрізняється від одкровення. Визначення Саїда Нурсі існує в рамках чотирьох основних понять: одне носить сенс іншого, одне - яке означає себе, наміри та сприйняття. Коли природа «самості» відома і використовується як описано, вона пропонує сприйняття, яке не нехтує продуктами філософського та наукового підходів, а швидше інтерпретує їх у світлі одкровення, перетворюючи всю інформацію на мудрість. Тому ключ до розшифровки книги Всесвіту криється в природі людини та її самост