Enhancing wireless security via optimal cooperative jamming

In this work, we analyze the secrecy rate in a cooperative network, where a source node is assisted by relay nodes via cooperative jamming for delivering a secret message to the destination in the presence of an eavesdropper node. We consider the availability of both full and partial channel state information (CSI), and we take into account average power limitation at the relays as we formulate the rate maximization problem as a primal-dual problem. We derive the closed form solution for the full CSI case, and we show that the optimal solution allows the transmission of only one relay. For the partial CSI case, we define the concept of secrecy outage, where some of packets are intercepted by the eavesdropper, and we derive the secrecy outage probability and throughput in terms of average channel statistics. Due to the high nonlinearity of the secrecy throughput term, we propose a gradient update algorithm for obtaining the optimal power solutions for the partial CSI case. Our simulations demonstrate the gains of cooperative jamming over direct transmission for both full and partial CSI cases, where it is shown that the secrecy rate of the direct transmission is increased significantly, by %20−%80, when CJ is employed with our optimal power assignment algorithm

Accurate non-intrusive residual bandwidth estimation in WMNs

The multi-access scheme of 802.11 wireless networks imposes difficulties in achieving predictable service quality in multi-hop networks. In such networks, the residual capacity of wireless links should be estimated for resource allocation services such as flow admission control. In this paper, we propose an accurate and non-intrusive method to estimate the residual bandwidth of an 802.11 link. Inputs from neighboring network activity measurements and from a basic collision detection mechanism are fed to the analytical model so that the proposed algorithm calculates the maximum allowable traffic level for this link. We evaluate the efficiency of the method via OPNET simulations, and show that the percent estimation error is significantly lower than two other prominent estimation methods, bounded only between 2.5-7.5%. We also demonstrate that flow admission control is successfully achieved in a realistic WMN scenario. Flow control through our proposed algorithm keeps the unsatisfied traffic demand bounded and at a negligibly low level, which is less than an order of magnitude of the other two methods

Disiplinler Arası Modelleme Problemi Yoluyla Kavram Öğretimi: Enerji Tasarrufu Problemi

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı öğrencilerin model geliştirme süreçlerini ve bir disiplinler arası modelleme problemi ile bazı fen ve matematik terimlerini öğrenmelerin görmektir. Bu amaçla, araştırmacılar Fen öğretmeni ile birlikte çalışarak disiplinler arası bir modelleme problemi olan "Enerji Tasarrufu Problemi" geliştirdiler. Geliştirilen bu problem, Türkiye'nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde bir il merkezinde bulunan bir okulda 3-4 kişilik gruplar halinde 7. sınıf öğrencilerine uygulanmıştır.  Disiplinler arası problem çözme sürecinde, öğrenciler fenle ilgili bazı kavramları öğrendiler ve bu kavramları birbirleriyle ilişkilendirdikten sonra gelecekteki modellerinde hangi faktörleri dahil edeceklerini ve nasıl ölçeceklerini tartıştılar. Öğrencilerin modellerinin birbirlerinden farklı olmasında öğrencilerin ilk defa böyle bir problemle karşılaşmış olmaları, gruplar içindeki farklı düşünme biçimleri ve modelleme problemlerinin doğası gereği karmaşık olması etkili olmuştur

Internationalization of Education: From Bologna Process to Orhun Exchange Programme

This article aims to introduce the Orhun Exchange Programme implemented by the Turkic Universities Union, and seeks to position it within the broader, historical developments, and it states that the recent trend of internationalization of education is beneficial for the renaissance of the Turkic civilization. In Middle Ages, mobility of students and scholars helped to the formation of the Islamic Golden Age, rise of Turkic civilization on the Silk Road, and then the renaissance and enlightenment in Europe. Recently, the shift of economic and scientific gravity from the West to the East presents new potentials for the Turkic world to turn it into a hub in the increasingly interconnecting world. The Orhun Exchange Programme is a bold step to enable universities of Turkic countries to cooperate in their fields of superiority for a joint development

Impact of smart irrigation systems and water management on climate change

As a result of the rapid and unconscious consumption of existing natural resources in the world, climate change is accelerating negatively. It should be remembered that changing of climate has the potential to threaten the security of water, food and energy systems. One of the main problems causing this is improper water management. In this article, the effects of smart irrigation systems, which are a product of climate-smart agriculture and water management for the changing climate in the world, are reviewed in the literature and the effects of these systems on climate change are discussed. The aim of the study is to provide appropriate solutions against climate change. Water management is basically about being conscious of saving by making more use of irregularly used water resources and reducing wastage to zero in both agriculture and drinking water. Climate-friendly agriculture is practices that ensure sustainability in agriculture with climate resilience. Smart irrigation is a technological irrigation system applied to remotely control irrigation with artificial intelligence and minimize water waste. Considering that water resources will deplete more rapidly over time in the fight against climate change, necessary measures should be taken to minimize this loss

Adolescent in conservative treatment of avulsion fracture of ınferior anterior ıliac spine (two cases report)

Spina Iliaka Anterior Inferior (SIAI) avülsiyon kırıkları pelvik kemiklerin çok sık görülmeyen yaralanmalarındandır. Genelde futbolcularda sut çekme esnasında tanımlanmıstır. Olgularımızın ikisi de amatör futbol onayan sporculardı. Her iki olguda futbol maçı esnasında sut çektikten sonra baslayan kalça agrısı nedeniyle poliklinigimize basvurdular. Her iki olgudada SIAI avülsiyon kırıgı saptandı. Yük vermeden yürüme ve steroid olmayan antiinflamatuar ilaçlar ile dört hafta istirahat ettirildiler. Dört haftanın sonucunda yapılan fizik muayenelerinde pasif kalça hareket açıklıkları tam ve agrısız olarak degerlendirildi. Altıncı haftanın sonunda yapılan fizik muayenelerinde aktif ve agrısız olarak tam eklem hareket açıklıgına ulasılmıstı. Çalısmamızda futbolcularda daha çok rastlanabilecek SIAI avülsiyon kırıklarının koservatif tedavi sonuçlarının yeterli oldugu sonucuna vardık.Avulsion fractures of spina iliaca anterior inferior (SIAI) are among the infrequent injuries of pelvic bones, which are usually described during shooting in football players. Both of our cases were amateur football players, presented to our clinic with pelvic pain which began just after shooting during a football game. Both cases were detected to have SIAI avulsion fractures. They were offered rest for 4 weeks with non-weight bearing plus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. At the end of four weeks, physical examination revealed complete and painless passive range of motion of hip. Upon further physical examination at the end of sixth weeks, active, painless and complete range of motion were achieved. In our study, we concluded that results of conservative treatment were satisfactory in avulsion fractures of SIAI that may commonly be encountered in football players

Mini-plate fixation via sinus tarsi approach is superior to cannulated screw in intra-articular calcaneal fractures: A prospective randomized study

WOS: 000441599800001PubMed ID: 30101667Objective: Intra-articular displaced calcaneal fractures are common fractures and are often treated with surgical interventions. Sinus tarsi approach provides secure access to lateral wall and joint facets. The aim of the study is to compare cannulated screw (CS) fixation and mini-plate (MP) fixation via sinus tarsi approach with Sanders types 2 and 3 fracture of calcaneus. Methods: Sixty patients with Sanders types 2 and 3 calcaneal fracture underwent surgical intervention were randomly allocated into two groups as group MP fixation and group CS fixation regarding osteosynthesis method for 5-year period. Open reduction via sinus tarsi approach was performed in both groups. Demographic variables, time to surgery (TS), operation duration (OD), length of hospital stay (LOS), surgical complications, and reoperations were recorded. Pre- and postoperative Gissane and Bohler angles; calcaneal length, height, and width; ankle anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral X-rays; and computed tomography were also recorded for radiological evaluation and fracture characteristics. Maryland Foot Score (MFS) was used to evaluate functional outcomes. Results: Preoperative age, type of fracture, calcaneal length, height, and Gissane and Bohler angles, TS, LOS, and OD were not different between the groups. The postoperative calcaneal widening was significantly better restored in group MP compared with that of group CS. The incidence of reoperation and algoneurodystrophy was statistically higher in group CS than group MP. MFS in group MP was also higher than group CS at final visit. Conclusion: MP fixation via sinus tarsi approach is superior to CS fixation in Sanders types 2 and 3 calcaneal fractures

Milliyetçilik ve sosyalizm arasında :

This dissertation aims to discuss the incorporation of the “nationalist” Kazak intellectuals of Alash Orda to the Soviet Socialist Republics and their role in the establishment of the Kazak ASSR. In the course of events they acted first together with Russian liberal democrats, then they sought to establish a national government and fought against the Bolsheviks, but after 1920 they chose to stay in the USSR and join the modernization process of their homeland alongside the Bolsheviks. In the mainstream academic discourse the local leaders in the republics of the USSR are generally considered as passive victims of the Soviet policies. The members of the Kazak national movement of Alash Orda are also neglected as weak political figures after they had accepted the Soviet rule. But they continued their struggle for enlightening the Kazak people in 1920s. Their collaboration with the Bolsheviks was concomitant to their motives of modernizing the Kazaks. Their role in the Soviet Kazakstan did not come to an end after their acceptance of the Soviet sovereignty but it continued. My argument is that the struggle of the members of Alash Orda was in continuity with their program before the revolution, and their cooperation with the Bolsheviks was a way to realize their objectives, and it opened a sphere for them to have a role in the formation of the Kazak ASSR.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Özbeg ve Kazakh kimliklerinin oluşumunda tarih ve kuram

The purpose of this dissertation is to follow the process of the emergence and development of the peoples called as Özbegs and Kazakhs by using both emic and etic sources of knowledge and to reflect the differences in perception. The period I have studied covers the post-Chinggisid period in Eurasia, where the tribes defined as Özbegs and Kazakhs emerged. The long period as well as both etic and emic sources I have examined showed that identities are outcomes of the habitus, which affects our perception. As the habitus is in a continuous change, perceptions, meanings, terms and identities are also continuously reconstructed, and therefore they shouldn't be considered as static. Identities and terms need to be understood mwithin their context and imposing notions by an outsider from a different time and place can lead to distortions.Bu çalışmanın amacı, algıdaki değişimleri göstermek için emik ve etic bilgi kaynaklarını kullanarak, Özbeg ve Kazak olarak adlandırılan toplulukların ortaya çıkışlarını ve gelişimlerini izlemektir. İncelediğim dönem ve bölge Özbek ve Kazak olarak adlandırılan kavimlerin ortaya çıktığı Cengiz sonrası dönemde Avrasya'yı kapsamaktadır. Ele aldığım uzun dönem ve kullandığım hem emik ve hem etik kaynaklar, kimliklerin algılarımızı etkileyen habitus 'un ürünü olduğunu gösterdi. Habitus, sürekli bir değişim içinde olduğu için algılar, anlamlar, kavramlar ve kimlikler de sürekli yeniden inşa edilmektedir ve bu nedenle sabit olarak görülmemelidirler. Kimlikler ve kavramlar bağlamları içinde anlaşılmalıdır ve zamanya da mekan olarak dışarıdan bakan birinin kendi kavramlarını empoze etmesi anlam kaymalarına neden olabilir.M.S. - Master of Scienc