Popularização do mercado de debêntures

Orientador: Ana Paula Mussi CherobimMonografia (Especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Especialização em Marketing EmpresarialResumo: Esta monografia tem por objetivo o estudo das debêntures e sua popularização através de formulação de planejamento estratégico. No intuito de cumprir tal tarefa, realizou-se cuidadosa análise do entendimento legal, adotando-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, na medida em que se partiu dos dispositivos legais contidos na Lei das S/A, e indutivo na medida em que se partiu de pesquisas bibliográficas e até mesmo junto a órgãos reguladores e outras fontes. Quanto ao método de procedimento optou-se pelo comparativo, através do qual foram evidenciadas as semelhanças e as oposições existentes entre as diversas formas de investimentos em debêntures comparativamente ao mercado de ações. Com a conclusão deste estudo, foram evidenciadas as boas práticas do mercado de ações contrapondo-se ao mercado de debêntures. Sem pretender esgotar o assunto, procurou-se apresentar e confrontar o mercado de debêntures dentro do mercado de capitais, demonstrando quais os objetivos desejados pelo emissor de debêntures e, quais as vantagens de investir-se nas mesmas, propiciando ao leitor efetuar uma leitura crítica do tema abordad

Popularização do mercado de debêntures

Orientador: Ana Paula Mussi CherobimMonografia (Especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Especialização em Marketing EmpresarialResumo: Esta monografia tem por objetivo o estudo das debêntures e sua popularização através de formulação de planejamento estratégico. No intuito de cumprir tal tarefa, realizou-se cuidadosa análise do entendimento legal, adotando-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, na medida em que se partiu dos dispositivos legais contidos na Lei das S/A, e indutivo na medida em que se partiu de pesquisas bibliográficas e até mesmo junto a órgãos reguladores e outras fontes. Quanto ao método de procedimento optou-se pelo comparativo, através do qual foram evidenciadas as semelhanças e as oposições existentes entre as diversas formas de investimentos em debêntures comparativamente ao mercado de ações. Com a conclusão deste estudo, foram evidenciadas as boas práticas do mercado de ações contrapondo-se ao mercado de debêntures. Sem pretender esgotar o assunto, procurou-se apresentar e confrontar o mercado de debêntures dentro do mercado de capitais, demonstrando quais os objetivos desejados pelo emissor de debêntures e, quais as vantagens de investir-se nas mesmas, propiciando ao leitor efetuar uma leitura crítica do tema abordad

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Effect of lung recruitment and titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome - A randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE: The effects of recruitment maneuvers and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine if lung recruitment associated with PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance decreases 28-day mortality of patients with moderate to severe ARDS compared with a conventional low-PEEP strategy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 120 intensive care units (ICUs) from 9 countries from November 17, 2011, through April 25, 2017, enrolling adults with moderate to severe ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: An experimental strategy with a lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance (n = 501; experimental group) or a control strategy of low PEEP (n = 509). All patients received volume-assist control mode until weaning. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality until 28 days. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stay; ventilator-free days through day 28; pneumothorax requiring drainage within 7 days; barotrauma within 7 days; and ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1010 patients (37.5% female; mean [SD] age, 50.9 [17.4] years) were enrolled and followed up. At 28 days, 277 of 501 patients (55.3%) in the experimental group and 251 of 509 patients (49.3%) in the control group had died (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.42; P = .041). Compared with the control group, the experimental group strategy increased 6-month mortality (65.3% vs 59.9%; HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.38; P = .04), decreased the number of mean ventilator-free days (5.3 vs 6.4; difference, −1.1; 95% CI, −2.1 to −0.1; P = .03), increased the risk of pneumothorax requiring drainage (3.2% vs 1.2%; difference, 2.0%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 4.0%; P = .03), and the risk of barotrauma (5.6% vs 1.6%; difference, 4.0%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 6.5%; P = .001). There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, a strategy with lung recruitment and titrated PEEP compared with low PEEP increased 28-day all-cause mortality. These findings do not support the routine use of lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01374022