トクテイ ハチョウコウ ノ ショウシャ ニヨル Porphyromonas gingivalis ノ ゾウショク ヨクセイ コウカ

Photodynamic therapy was originally reported as a treatment of malignant tumors using photosensitive agents (photosensitizers) and visible light irradiation. When a tumor tissue containing a photosensitizer is irradiated with light of an appropriate wavelength and dose, a photochemical reaction is induced and the activated photosensitizer produces free radicals that damage cells and cause necrosis of the tumor. Recently, this technique has also been shown to be effective for inhibiting bacterial growth. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogenic bacterium, produces endogenous protoporphyrin by degrading hemoglobin for its growth, which could make this bacterium photosensitive. Therefore, photodynamic therapy for periodontal diseases targeting this bacterium without using exogenous photosensitizer is expected. The effects of light irradiation on P. gingivalis have been reported, however the optimal irradiation condition remains to be determined in terms of the light sources, wavelength, and other parameters. Recently, we demonstrated that P. gingivalis growth was inhibited by visible laser light irradiation at 405 nm and an energy density of 15 J/cm2 without the use of any exogenous photosensitizers. These findings suggest that photodynamic therapy without any exogenous photosensitizer is a promising novel technology for the control of periodontal diseases

About the Effectivity of the Priming Water Channel in the Pool-and-Weir-Fishway

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Recombining Plasma and Hard X-ray Filament in the Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant W44

We report new features of the typical mixed-morphology (MM) supernova remnant (SNR) W44. In the X-ray spectra obtained with Suzaku, radiative recombination continua (RRCs) of highly ionized atoms are detected for the first time. The spectra are well reproduced by a thermal plasma in a recombining phase. The best-fit parameters suggest that the electron temperature of the shock-heated matters cooled down rapidly from $\sim1$,keV to $\sim 0.5$,keV, possibly due to adiabatic expansion (rarefaction) occurred $\sim20,000$ years ago. We also discover hard X-ray emission which shows an arc-like structure spatially-correlated with a radio continuum filament. The surface brightness distribution shows a clear anti-correlation with $^{12}$CO (J=2-1) emission from a molecular cloud observed with NANTEN2. While the hard X-ray is most likely due to a synchrotron enhancement in the vicinity of the cloud, no current model can quantitatively predict the observed flux.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Effectiveness of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder in reducing oral bacteria in tongue coating : A crossover trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria in tongue coating compared with tongue brushing. Material and methods: Thirty‐two healthy, young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. The volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration, Winkel tongue‐coating index (WTCI), and the number of total bacteria in addition to Fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating were measured. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for Intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for Intervention II, and three oral care tablets 1 day before the measurement for Intervention III. Results: There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, and WTCI at Intervention I and all evaluation values at Intervention II. There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, WTCI, the number of total bacteria, and F. nucleatum at Intervention III. The value of WTCI, the number of bacteria, and F. nucleatum decreased significantly after taking the oral care tablets than after tongue brushing. When compared with Interventions I and III, Intervention III showed the effective results; there were significant differences in the number of total bacteria and F. nucleatum between tongue brushing and taking tablets. Conclusions: These results suggested that the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder could be effective in reducing total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating when compared with tongue brushing

Oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder affects tongue coating microbiome

Objectives: Tongue coating, a kind of biofilm formed on the tongue dorsum, is the cause of various clinical conditions, such as oral halitosis and periodontal diseases, because Fusobacterium nucleatum acts as a bridge between other oral bacteria and periodontopathogenic bacteria in biofilm formation. Our previous clinical study revealed that taking oral care tablets containing kiwifruit powder significantly reduced not only tongue‐coating index and volatile sulfur compounds but also total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome of tongue coating samples obtained before and after oral care tablets intake to clarify whether this tablet is a useful tool for daily tongue care. Methods: Thirty‐two healthy young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for intervention II. Microbial DNA was isolated from the collected tongue coating samples in each subject, then 16S rRNA next‐generation sequencing, operational taxonomic unit clustering, and statistical analysis were performed. Results: The microbiome analysis revealed that the oral care tablet in intervention II prompted a significant change in the tongue microbiota composition, a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Prevotella and Porphyromonas, and an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio when compared to that in intervention I. Conclusion: These results suggested that the oral care tablet might contribute to the improvement of the oral condition due to its good influence on the tongue coating microbiome