Operator analysis of physical states on magnetized T2/ZNT^{2}/Z_{N} orbifolds

We discuss an effective way for analyzing the system on the magnetized twisted orbifolds in operator formalism, especially in the complicated cases $T^{2}/Z_{3}$, $T^{2}/Z_{4}$ and $T^{2}/Z_{6}$. We can obtain the exact and analytical results which can be applicable for any larger values of the quantized magnetic flux M, and show that the (non-diagonalized) kinetic terms are generated via our formalism and the number of the surviving physical states are calculable in a rigorous manner by simply following usual procedures in linear algebra in any case. Our approach is very powerful when we try to examine properties of the physical states on (complicated) magnetized orbifolds $T^{2}/Z_{3}$, $T^{2}/Z_{4}$, $T^{2}/Z_{6}$ (and would be in other cases on higher-dimensional torus) and could be an essential tool for actual realistic model construction based on these geometries.Comment: 41 pages, 1 figur

Classification of three-generation models on magnetized orbifolds

We classify the combinations of parameters which lead three generations of quarks and leptons in the framework of magnetized twisted orbifolds on $T^2/Z_2$, $T^2/Z_3$, $T^2/Z_4$ and $T^2/Z_6$ with allowing nonzero discretized Wilson line phases and Scherk-Schwarz phases. We also analyze two actual examples with nonzero phases leading to one-pair Higgs and five-pair Higgses and discuss the difference from the results without nonzero phases studied previously.Comment: 28 pages (main body and references) + 65 pages (full list of classification), 22 tables (v1); typos corrected, problem in sentence fixed (v2

機能的腎体積あたりの腎機能の影響を考慮した腎摘除後の残存腎機能の検討

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) divided by functional renal volume (FRV) measured by three-dimensional image reconstruction (eGFR/FRV) for the prediction of functional outcomes after nephrectomy. METHODS: Eighty-three patients who underwent nephrectomy were enrolled. The FRV of each patient was measured before surgery. Preoperative medical information on proteinuria, blood pressure, blood glucose level, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin level and serum cholesterol level were also obtained. We evaluated the relationships between eGFR/FRV and each of these parameters before surgery. We also assessed the potential relationship between eGFR/FRV and the 3-year postoperative eGFR. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to elucidate independent factors. RESULTS: The median FRV and eGFR were 310.15 cm3 and 79.0 ml/min/1.73 m² before surgery, respectively. The correlation between FRV and eGFR was statistically significant (r = 0.465, P < 0.001). The median eGFR/FRV was 0.24 ml/min/1.73 m²/cm³. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the independent parameters (multiple correlation coefficient, r = 0.389, P = 0.031) associated with eGFR/FRV were proteinuria, BMI, age and hypertension. Proteinuria was statistically associated with eGFR/FRV, and the independent parameters (multiple correlation coefficient, r = 0.694, P < 0.001) associated with the 3-year postoperative eGFR were age, BMI and eGFR/FRV. The eGFR/FRV was statistically associated with the 3-year postoperative eGFR (r = 0.559, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrated that patients with proteinuria are expected to have a lower eGFR/FRV than those without proteinuria. The present study also supports the notion that eGFR/FRV is the primary determinant of the long-term functional outcome after nephrectomy. It should be taken into consideration that patients with a low eGFR/FRV may develop chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy.博士（医学）・乙第1354号・平成27年3月16日© 2014 Hosokawa et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

フエツズケル ダイドウミャクリュウ チリョウ : カイキョウ カイフク シュジュツカ ステント グラフト チリョウカ

The treatment of Aortic aneurythm is shifting stent graft treatment from open Surgery. Stent graft treatment is useful for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurythm if the form is adaptable for the stent graft treatment. Open surgery is useful for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurythm if the patient have no complication and high operative lisk but if the patint have complication and high operative lisk, Stent graft treatment is very useful because of the quality of life is kep

The involvement of Gab1 and PI 3-kinase in β1 integrin signaling in keratinocytes

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科血管分子科学The control of the stem cell compartment in epidermis is closely linked to the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. β1 integrins are expressed 2-fold higher by stem cells than transit-amplifying cells. Signaling from these β1 integrins is critical for the regulation of the epidermal stem cell compartment. To clarify the functional relevance of this differential expression of β1 integrins, we established HaCaT cells with high β1integrin expression by repeated flow cytometric sorting of this population from the parental cell line. In these obtained cells expressing β1 integrins by 5-fold, MAPK activation was markedly increased. Regarding the upstream of MAPK, Gab1 phosphorylation was also higher with high β1 integrin expression, while Shc phosphorylation was not altered. In addition, enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation was also observed. These observations suggest that Gab1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase play pivotal roles in the β1 integrin-mediated regulation of the epidermal stem cell compartment. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Inhibition of hypertonic saline induced cough by Loratadine in nonasthmatic patients with chronic cough

We examined the effect of loratadine（ 10mg） on the number of coughs induced by ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline in nine patients with chronic cough and in ten normal volunteers using a randomized， double- blind cross-over method. Each subject inhaled hypertonic saline for one minute， and the numbers of coughs during the one-minute 4.5% NaCl inhalation and the 30-second period following 4.5% NaCl inhalation were counted. There was no difference in forced expiratory volume in one second （ FEV1） or maximum expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity （ V25） before to after one-minute hypertonic saline inhalation for either patients or normal subjects. There was also no significant difference in FEV1 or V25 before to one hour after oral administration of loratadine. Placebo did not reduce the number of induced coughs for either patients or normal subjects， but loratadine significantly reduced the number of coughs for patients with chronic cough （P＝0.012）. On the other hand， loratadine did not reduce the number of coughs by normal subjects. We conclude that in patients with chronic cough， the release of histamine or other chemical mediators or high sensitivity of cough receptors to histamine may be one of the reasons for persistence of chronic cough