Economic sanctions against Russia: italian point of view

This article is devoted to the impact of economic sanctions against Russia imposed by the European Union on the economy of Italy and reflects the views of the Italians. Special attention is paid to the losses incurred by the economy of Italy

Wave packet dynamics in a monolayer graphene

The dynamics of charge particles described by Gaussian wave packet in monolayer graphene is studied analytically and numerically. We demonstrate that the shape of wave packet at arbitrary time depends on correlation between the initial electron amplitudes $\psi_1(\vec r,0)$ and $\psi_2(\vec r,0)$ on the sublattices $A$ and $B$ correspondingly (i.e. pseudospin polarization). For the transverse pseudospin polarization the motion of the center of wave packet occurs in the direction perpendicular to the average momentum ${\vec p_0}=\hbar \vec{k_0}$. Moreover, in this case the initial wave packet splits into two parts moving with opposite velocities along ${\vec p_0}$. If the initial direction of pseudospin coincides with average momentum the splitting is absent and the center of wave packet is displaced at $t>0$ along the same direction. The results of our calculations show that all types of motion experience {\it zitterbewegung}. Besides, depending on initial polarization the velocity of the packet center may have the constant component $v_c=uf(a)$, where $u\approx 10^8 cm/s$ is the Fermi velocity and $f(a)$ is a function of the parameter $a=k_0d$ ($d$ is the initial width of wave packet). As a result, the direction of the packet motion is determined not only by the orientation of the average momentum, but mainly by the phase difference between the up- and low- components of the wave functions. Similar peculiarities of the dynamics of 2D electron wave packet connected with initial spin polarization should take place in the semiconductor quantum well under the influence of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Wave packet dynamics in hole Luttinger systems

For hole systems with an effective spin 3/2 we analyzed analytically and numerically the evolution of wave packets with the different initial polarizations. The dynamics of such systems is determined by the $4\times 4$ Luttinger Hamiltonian. We work in the space of arbitrary superposition of light- and heavy-hole states of the "one-particle system". For 2D packets we obtained the analytical solution for the components of wave function and analyzed the space-time dependence of probability densities as well as angular momentum densities. Depending on the value of the parameter $a=k_0d$ ($k_0$ is the average momentum vector and $d$ is the packet width) two scenarios of evolution are realized. For $a>>1$ the initial wave packet splits into two parts and the coordinates of packet center experience the transient oscillations or {\it Zitterbewegung} (ZB) as for other two-band systems. In the case when $a0$ remains almost cylindrically symmetric and the ripples arise at the circumference of wave packet. The ZB in this case is absent. We evaluated and visualized for different values of parameter $a$ the space-time dependence of angular momentum densities, which have the multipole structure. It was shown that the average momentum components can precess in the absence of external or effective magnetic fields due to the interference of the light- and heavy hole states. For localized initial states this precession has a transient character.Comment: 9 pages, 8 gigur

A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region

The current economic crisis conditions call for a search for new mechanisms to maintain the population's well-being. Within this setting, cooperation may be considered a priority form of entrepreneurial activity, enabling the consolidation of financial resources and reducing business costs. This article aims to assess the potential of consumer cooperation in the Kaliningrad region under anti-Russian sanctions. The authors analyse the features of cooperation development within the territory and investigate the demands and expectations of the local populace. The principal method employed in the study is a survey of residents of the Kaliningrad region (N = 481), with its results strongly indicating that conditions for a renaissance of cooperative economic models have emerged in the Russian exclave. The region's residents tend to express positive attitudes towards cooperation, drawing a link between economically challenging conditions and opportunities for cooperative development. Moreover, amongst respondents with personal or vicarious experience of cooperation, a substantially higher proportion assess cooperative practices positively. Yet, the deficit of interpersonal trust places a serious limitation on the development of cooperation. It is concluded that the economic crisis has shifted the focus of the region's population's expectations from social interests (collaborations with like-minded individuals) to undertakings aimed at increasing material well-being. Therefore, expectations of participating in cooperative activities are primarily associated with the opportunity to start one's own business and increase personal income

Transformations in socio-economic development of the Gulf group states

The article is devoted to the national economy transformations of the GCC States (Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf countries). This paper analyzes the dynamics of socio-economic development of the Gulf Group countries for the last 10 years, compares and systematizes the traditional and unique statistical data in order to prove the hypothesis that the positive dynamics was not only due to the high hydrocarbon prices on the global market but also to the successful structural transformation. The growth of the regional economy in the conditions of an almost threefold drop in world oil prices over the past three years is shown. We use systemic approach, comparative and statistical analysis. As the analysis of economic situation and development in the GCC countries at the current stage shows, all of them need to change the structure of the national economy and diversify it in order to reduce the dependence from mining industries, world prices fluctuations. This paper proposes a number of practical considerations and appropriate measures for the formation of more rational structure of the national economies, including the diversification of the sources of budget revenues through expanding industrialization; accelerating development of solid minerals and the creation of new industries using them. As Gulf States belong to the group of emerging countries and the structure of their national economies is similar with the Russian economy, the factors of the positive changes of the national economies will be useful for Russian and foreign researchers

Space-time evolution of Dirac wave packets

In this work we study the dynamics of free 3D relativistic Gaussian wave packets with different spin polarization. We analyze the connection between the symmetry of initial state and the dynamical characteristics of moving particle. The corresponding solutions of Dirac equation having different types of symmetry were evaluated analytically and numerically and after that the electron probability densities, as well as, the spin densities were visualized. The average values of velocity of the packet center and the average spin were calculated analytically, and the parameters of transient Zitterbewegung in different directions were obtained. These results can be useful for the interpretation of future experiments with trapped ions.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

PROFESSIONALLY MOTIVATED OPINION IN THE BANKING LAW (Part 2)

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the concept of professionally motivated opinion applied by regulator (Bank of Russia) in respect of a credit institution. This concept (category) is seen in a variety of ways: as the approach used in international banking practice, as an institution of banking supervision, as assessment assigned by to the Bank of Russian to a credit organization, on the basis of analysis of numerous financial parameters of the latter, the ownership structure, the risks taken and the objective economic factors. The article discusses also the main directions of banking supervision, which includes elements of professionally motivated opinions as well as the goals of the latter. Статья посвящена всестороннему анализу понятия профессионального мотивированного суждения, применяемого регулятором (Банком России) в отношении кредитной организации. Данное понятие (категория) рассматривается в различных аспектах: как подход, используемый в международной банковской практике, как институт банковского надзора, как оценка, присваемая Банком России кредитной организации на основании анализа многочисленных финансовых параметров деятельности последней, структуры собственности, принимаемых рисков, а также объективных экономических факторов. В статье рассматриваются также основные направления банковского надзора, в которых присутствуют элементы профессионального мотивированного суждения, а также цели его вынесения

Опыт применения нетрадиционных удобрений при выращивании сеянцев сосны обыкновенной (Рinus sylvestris l.) на Урале)

Представлена информация о возможности использования нетрадиционных удобрений, которые приготовлены на основе отходов производств. В настоящее время они являются доступными, недорогими и высокоэффективными средствами повышения плодородия лесных почв. Проанализированы изменения параметров посадочного материала при внесении данных смесе

Economic and social aspects in the Republic of Tatarstan

The urgency of the problem under study is conditioned by the need to study the state of interethnic and interreligious relations in polyethnic and poly-confessional regions of Russian Federation. The aim of the article is to analyze the situation in the sphere of interethnic and interreligious relations in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2016. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the poly-paradigm methodology. The article gives the description of interethnic and interconfessional relations in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2014-2016, the comparative data on the largest cities of the republic are given. A particular attention is paid to the analysis of migrant perception peculiarities by the local population. The materials of the article can be useful for ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, political scientists, as well as for the representatives of the bodies and structures responsible for the issues of interethnic interaction.peer-reviewe