An Analysis of the Casey School District\u27s School-Community Relations Program

Communication with the public is an essential facet of any school-community relations program. This study examines both external and internal communication methods. Before a school district can have a purposeful school-community relations program, the internal communication of the school personnel needs to be working effectively. The survey used for this field experience was developed by the writer to determine the effectiveness of the Casey School District\u27s school-community relations program. This telephone survey consists of eleven questions concerning an awareness of school news. One hundred people were randomly called and asked to respond to the survey. The Casey School District utilizes many public relations techniques and procedures but lacks any formal school-community relations program. This study makes the following recommendations for improving the Casey District\u27s school-community relations program: The communication network needs to be expanded with additional press releases to the Casey Daily Reporter and the local radio station. More community support might be generated with a volunteer participation program. The district needs to formally adopt a school-community relations program. This study seeks firstly, to examine the Casey School District\u27s school-community relations program; secondly, to determine the effectiveness of the Casey School District\u27s school-community relations program; and lastly, to make recommendations for improving the school district\u27s present school-community relations program. This study examines the current educational literature concerning communication and school-community relations. This study also utilizes a telephone survey to determine the Casey community\u27s awareness of school news. The review of current educational literature discusses problems common to many school districts. Community expectations have expanded the school\u27s social responsibilities as changes in the family’s living and working styles have occurred. Financial support for the schools has not kept pace with the spiraling inflation of costs. Community awareness of the problems facing the schools is necessary if support is expected. Many schools routinely survey their communities to determine awareness and concern for schools. This study briefly overviews five surveys that help school officials learn about the community

An Analysis of the Casey School District\u27s School-Community Relations Program

Communication with the public is an essential facet of any school-community relations program. This study examines both external and internal communication methods. Before a school district can have a purposeful school-community relations program, the internal communication of the school personnel needs to be working effectively. The survey used for this field experience was developed by the writer to determine the effectiveness of the Casey School District\u27s school-community relations program. This telephone survey consists of eleven questions concerning an awareness of school news. One hundred people were randomly called and asked to respond to the survey. The Casey School District utilizes many public relations techniques and procedures but lacks any formal school-community relations program. This study makes the following recommendations for improving the Casey District\u27s school-community relations program: The communication network needs to be expanded with additional press releases to the Casey Daily Reporter and the local radio station. More community support might be generated with a volunteer participation program. The district needs to formally adopt a school-community relations program. This study seeks firstly, to examine the Casey School District\u27s school-community relations program; secondly, to determine the effectiveness of the Casey School District\u27s school-community relations program; and lastly, to make recommendations for improving the school district\u27s present school-community relations program. This study examines the current educational literature concerning communication and school-community relations. This study also utilizes a telephone survey to determine the Casey community\u27s awareness of school news. The review of current educational literature discusses problems common to many school districts. Community expectations have expanded the school\u27s social responsibilities as changes in the family’s living and working styles have occurred. Financial support for the schools has not kept pace with the spiraling inflation of costs. Community awareness of the problems facing the schools is necessary if support is expected. Many schools routinely survey their communities to determine awareness and concern for schools. This study briefly overviews five surveys that help school officials learn about the community

Possible Method of Localization and Assessment of Myocardial Damage Using the Limb Lead Electrocardiogram

Physiological Science

WNT-1 Signaling Inhibits Apoptosis by Activating β-Catenin/T Cell Factor–Mediated Transcription

Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and oncogenesis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the downstream signaling cascade of Wnt signaling, little is known regarding Wnt signaling modification of the cell death machinery. Given that numerous oncogenes transform cells by providing cell survival function, we hypothesized that Wnt signaling may inhibit apoptosis. Here, we report that cells expressing Wnt-1 were resistant to cancer therapy–mediated apoptosis. Wnt-1 signaling inhibited the cytochrome c release and the subsequent caspase-9 activation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, including both vincristine and vinblastine. Furthermore, we found that Wnt-1–mediated cell survival was dependent on the activation of β-catenin/T cell factor (Tcf) transcription. Inhibition of β-catenin/Tcf transcription by expression of the dominant-negative mutant of Tcf-4 blocked Wnt-1–mediated cell survival and rendered cells sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. These results provide the first demonstration that Wnt-1 inhibits cancer therapy–mediated apoptosis and suggests that Wnt-1 may exhibit its oncogenic potential through a mechanism of anti-apoptosis

Inhibitors of histone deacetylase and MCL-1 synergistically reduce proliferation in malignant melanoma

Melanoma is a skin cancer that arises in melanocytes; it is the fifth most common cancer in the United States with approximately 100,000 new cases per year. Current treatments for malignant melanoma are surgical excision, radiation therapy and systemic therapy; however, the five-year survival rate for patients with stage IV is 29.8%. There is an urgent unmet clinical need to investigate novel treatments for these patients. Panobinostat is an orally available histone deacetylase inhibitor used in several hematologic malignancies, but it was ineffective as a single agent against melanoma in Phase 1. To address the insufficiency of options for melanoma patients, we treated a panel of cultured melanoma cell lines with panobinostat and the novel preclinical MCL-1 inhibitor AZD5991. We hypothesized the addition of AZD5991 (currently in phase 3) would enhance the antiproliferative effect of panobinostat in vitro. MTT and ATP-based proliferation assays demonstrated a significant reduction in proliferation when treated with either panobinostat or AZD5991. Isobologram analysis revealed that much lower concentrations of each drug was required to increase caspase 3/7 activity, induce a panel of Growth and DNA Damage (GADD) gene transcripts, and reduce proliferation when the drugs were added in combination. These in vitro studies revealed that panobinostat and AZD5991 synergistically inhibit melanoma growth. Increased caspase activation and the accumulation of GADD transcripts suggests apoptosis is a key feature of the antiproliferative mechanism. Ongoing studies are focused to further characterize panobinostat/AZD5991- induced cell death and to validate our cell culture observations in patient-derived xenograft models

Implications for oxidative stress and astrocytes following 26S proteasomal depletion in mouse forebrain neurones

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration of selective neurones in the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms involved in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration remain unclear. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome system is one of the proposed hypotheses for the cause and progression of neuronal loss. We have performed quantitative two-dimensional fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoresis combined with peptide mass fingerprinting to reveal proteome changes associated with neurodegeneration following 26S proteasomal depletion in mouse forebrain neurones. Differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blotting, biochemical assays and immunohistochemistry. Of significance was increased expression of the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in astrocytes, associated with oxidative stress. Interestingly, PRDX6 is a bifunctional enzyme with antioxidant peroxidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities. The PLA2 activity of PRDX6 was also increased following 26S proteasomal depletion and may be involved in neuroprotective or neurodegenerative mechanisms. This is the first in vivo report of oxidative stress caused directly by neuronal proteasome dysfunction in the mammalian brain. The results contribute to understanding neuronal–glial interactions in disease pathogenesis, provide an in vivo link between prominent disease hypotheses and importantly, are of relevance to a heterogeneous spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases

Strategy for tumor selective disruption of androgen receptor function in the spectrum of prostate cancer

Purpose: Testosterone suppression in prostate cancer (PC) is limited by serious side effects and resistance via restoration of androgen receptor (AR) functionality. ELK1 is required for ARdependent growth in various hormone-dependent and castration resistant PC models. The amino terminal domain of AR docks at two sites on ELK1 to co-activate essential growth genes. This study explores the ability of small molecules to disrupt the ELK1-AR interaction in the spectrum of PC, inhibiting AR activity in a manner that would predict functional tumor selectivity. Experimental design: Small molecule drug discovery and extensive biological characterization of a lead compound. Results: We have discovered a lead molecule (KCI807) that selectively disrupts ELK1-dependent promoter activation by wild-type and variant ARs without interfering with ELK1 activation by ERK. KCI807 has an obligatory flavone scaffold and functional hydroxyl groups on C5 and C3'. KCI807 binds to AR, blocking ELK1 binding, and selectively blocks recruitment of AR to chromatin by ELK1. KCI807 primarily affects a subset of AR target growth genes selectively suppressing AR-dependent growth of PC cell lines with a better inhibitory profile than enzalutamide. KCI807 also inhibits in vivo growth of castration/enzalutamide-resistant cell line-derived and patient-derived tumor xenografts. In the rodent model, KCI807 has a plasma half-life of 6h and maintenance of its antitumor effect is limited by self-induced metabolism at its 3'-hydroxyl. Conclusions: The results offer a mechanism-based therapeutic paradigm for disrupting the AR growth-promoting axis in the spectrum of prostate tumors while reducing global suppression of testosterone actions. KCI807 offers a good lead molecule for drug development