11 research outputs found

    Growth of Phosphazene Film Onto Undoped n-InP

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    Stability of fast elaborated small CdS quantum dots

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    International audienceSmall size CdS QDs were synthesized by (i) the single source precursor methodology and by (ii) the microwave synthetic route. The consequences of CdS QD direct exposure to air for a period of 7 days were investigated by following the evolution of the photoluminescence (PL) and absortion spectra. For QDs obtained by (i), the excitonic emission band (3.0 ‑ 3.1 eV) decreases in intensity, relatively to the low energy one (2.2 ‑ 2.5 eV) tentatively associated to midgap surface states. This suggests arising of new recombination path(s) associated to degradations during aging, possibly an oxidative formation of a CdO surface layer. On the other hand, no significant change is observed in the absorption spectra. For QDs obtained by (ii), no degradation is revealed by the PL spectra which remain unchanged. On the other hand, the absorption spectra are dominated by an unexplained broad band around 3.6 eV which tends to hide the fundamental excitonic transition one and increases in intensity with aging

    XPS chemical state mapping in opto- and microelectronics

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    International audienceDans le but d’approcher des compositions chimiques de surface de quelques millimĂštres carrĂ©s, l’imagerie XPS est un atout indĂ©niable. Ces mesures de photoĂ©mission peuvent s’avĂ©rer utiles pour i) localiser avec confiance des objets micromĂ©triques, ii) connaĂźtre la distribution spatiale des Ă©lĂ©ments constitutifs de la surface (cartographie Ă©lĂ©mentaire) et iii) diffĂ©rencier localement des environnements chimiques.Les diffĂ©rents modes d’acquisition d’images (snap map vs parallel imaging), dĂ©veloppĂ©s grĂące Ă  la diminution des tailles de spot de rayons X (jusqu’à la dizaine de microns) ou l’utilisation conjointe d’une lentille et d’un dĂ©tecteur 2D, ouvrent la porte Ă  la caractĂ©risation de motifs dans une large gamme d'applications industrielles et en particulier dans le domaine de la micro- optoĂ©lectronique. Les dimensions caractĂ©ristiques mises en jeu dans ce type de dispositifs nĂ©cessitent gĂ©nĂ©ralement une analyse sur des zones trop fines pour ĂȘtre caractĂ©risĂ©es avec des outils traditionnels tels que la microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă  balayage couplĂ©e Ă  de la spectroscopie de rayons X Ă  dispersion d'Ă©nergie (MEB-EDS). Par ailleurs, le recours souvent nĂ©cessaire Ă  des couches de passivation isolantes (oxydes, nitrures
) rend l’utilisation de la spectroscopie d’électrons Auger (AES) assez dĂ©licate Ă  mettre en Ɠuvre. Dans ces conditions, malgrĂ© une rĂ©solution latĂ©rale nettement plus faible, l’imagerie XPS avec un canon Ă  neutralisation de charges s’avĂšre ĂȘtre une technique de choix.Dans cette prĂ©sentation, nous montrerons l’intĂ©rĂȘt de la cartographie XPS dans le cadre de la structuration de matĂ©riaux III-V. En effet, il est rapportĂ© que le traitement Ă©lectrochimique anodique du phosphure d’indium (InP) dans NH3 liquide permet la croissance d’une couche ultramince de type polyphosphazĂšne (PPP) en surface du semiconducteur1. L'extrĂȘme stabilitĂ© chimique de ce film d’épaisseur nanomĂ©trique en fait un matĂ©riau propice pour rĂ©aliser des masques pour la gravure humide d’InP2. La structuration du PPP grĂące Ă  des techniques de dĂ©pĂŽt sĂ©lectif, Ă©tape clĂ© dans le procĂ©dĂ© technologique, sera dĂ©montrĂ©e par imagerie XPS des niveaux de cƓur N1s et P2p (Figure 1).Par ailleurs, nous dĂ©taillerons l’apport de la cartographie XPS pour la caractĂ©risation d’hĂ©tĂ©rostructures d’oxydes pĂ©rovskites, classe de matĂ©riaux prometteurs pour l’électronique du futur. L’imagerie XPS des niveaux de cƓur Ti2p et V2p sur l’empilement (SrTiO3/SrVO3) met clairement en Ă©vidence les deux domaines (Figure 2). La cartographie XPS du niveau de cƓur Sr3d sera discutĂ©e : le strontium Ă©tant commun aux deux oxydes et dans des environnements chimiques3,4 trĂšs proches

    Chemistry and electronics of single layer MoS 2 domains from photoelectron spectromicroscopy using laboratory excitation sources

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    International audienceIn the recent context of emerging two‐dimensional (2D) materials, a comprehensive set of spatially resolved photoelectron spectroscopic techniques providing information ranging from surface chemical states to electronic band structure must be available at the practical level (i.e. from laboratory‐based instrumentation) for a better understanding of their outstanding properties. We highlight recent capabilities of X‐ray PhotoElectron Emission Microscopy (XPEEM) and reciprocal‐space VUV‐PEEM (kPEEM) for addressing this issue, with a report on microscopic analyses of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) domains. These include band structure imaging with event‐counting detection allowing to perform angle‐resolved ultra‐violet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) in a parallel way with energy resolution of 200 meV and less, and k resolution of 0.05 Å−1

    Surface reactivity of CIGS absorber on soda-lime and flexible substrates studied by XPS: a global approach of deoxidation, ageing and alkali elements distribution

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    International audienceCIGS based solar cells are still part of the most popular solar cells developed. A chemical study is presented here by using XPS measurements, characterizing the surface chemistry and reactivity, with a focus on deoxidation and further ageing products, among which binary compounds and oxides can be found. Different chemical treatments are also suggested to adjust the surface composition of CIGS materials and to determine the re-oxidation delay. A specific point will be also discussed about the comparative evolution of alkali element distribution during the ageing of conventional CIGS/glass and CIGS/flexible substrate systems, requiring in this case an external alkali source
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