sj-pdf-1-vdi-10.1177_10406387241234322 – Supplemental material for Evaluation of species-specific polyclonal antibodies to detect and differentiate between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-vdi-10.1177_10406387241234322 for Evaluation of species-specific polyclonal antibodies to detect and differentiate between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii by Tanja Lepore, Alastair I. Macrae, Germán J. Cantón, Carlo Cantile, Henny M. Martineau, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Stephen Cahalan, Clare Underwood, Frank Katzer and Francesca Chianini in Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation</p

Cultivar-based fruit size in olive depends on different tissue and cellular processes throughout growth

In drupe fruits, in addition to fruit size, the proportions of mesocarp and endocarp tissues are critical objectives for fruit quality, crop production and management. The olive fruit is a typical drupe, with cultivars which show a wide range in both fruit size and the proportions of mesocarp and endocarp. Characterizing the roles of tissue and cellular processes in producing genetically based fruit size variability is necessary for crop improvement, as well as deepening our understanding of fruit developmental physiology. This study used microscope image analysis to evaluate cell number and size, the growth of mesocarp and endocarp tissues, and their developmental timing in producing fruit size among six olive cultivars with a large range of fruit size. We found that cultivar mesocarp and endocarp size increased linearly with fruit size, with larger sizes favoring an increasingly greater mesocarp/endocarp ratio. Within the mesocarp, cultivar-based fruit size related directly to cell number and was established soon after bloom by cell division rate. In spite of different cell division rates, all cultivars showed similar timing of cell division activity, with the majority of cells produced in the two months after bloom but, surprisingly, a substantial number of cells formed during the following 6 months. Cell expansion was high throughout fruit growth and an important factor in achieving final fruit size, but cell size did not differ among cultivars at any time. We can conclude that fruit size differences among olive cultivars are due at the tissue level to both mesocarp and endocarp sizes and at the cellular level to cell division throughout fruit growth. Furthermore, since cell size is consistent among cultivars in spite of variable cell division, it is likely that cultivar differences in cell expansion accompany those in cell division. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ERDF co-financed funds [grant number AGL2009-07248].Peer Reviewe

MOESM1 of Development of in vitro enteroids derived from bovine small intestinal crypts

Additional file 1. Video projection showing Z axis-projection of an enteroid whole-mount stained to detect cell nuclei. Video projection showing Z axis-projection of an enteroid whole-mount stained to detect cell nuclei. DAPI, blue

Additional file 1: Table S1. of The prevalence and genotypic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii from individuals in Scotland, 2006–2012

Cause of death and detection of T. gondii DNA in brain samples. Numbers of individuals for each specific cause of death and percentage positivity for detection of T. gondii parasite DNA. (DOC 54 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of The prevalence and genotypic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii from individuals in Scotland, 2006–2012

Cause of death and detection of T. gondii DNA in brain samples. Numbers of individuals for each specific cause of death and percentage positivity for detection of T. gondii parasite DNA. (DOC 54 kb

Relationships among the <i>N</i><i>. caninum</i> MLGs (n = 82) estimated by eBURST analysis.

<p>Each complete MLG is represented by a dot and the genotype number assigned in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072678#pone.0072678.s003" target="_blank">Table S1</a> (Numbers 1-11 represent worldwide MLGs; 12-64 Spanish MLGs; 65-80 Argentinean MLGs; 81-88 Scottish MLGs; and 89-95 German MLGs). MLG dots were also coloured according to their geographical origin (see legend). The dot diameter is proportional to the number of samples with identical MLG (see legend). Single locus variants (SLV) are connected by black lines and double loci variants (DLV) by blue lines. MLGs clusters (n=9) are represented. Main MLGs clusters (n=3) are showed by clear circles. Number and name in the squares identifies the herd origin and worldwide isolates, respectively (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072678#pone.0072678.s003" target="_blank">Table S1</a>). Note that singletons were excluded from the snapshot representation (worldwide n=7; Spanish n=7; Argentinean n=2; Scottish n=3; and German n=2).</p

Clustering of <i>N</i><i>. caninum</i> country populations based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Neighbor Joining (NJ).

<p>(A) Graphics represent the genetic relationships between the MLGs from each country population based on a covariance matrix. Colours indicate geographic origin (see legend). The proportion of variation in the dataset for each axis is indicated in parentheses. (B) Unrooted NJ tree inferred from allele shared genetic distances. Each tip represents a single MLG. Woldwide MLGs are identified by isolate name. Colour of circles in terminal branches indicates geographic origin (see legend). Percentage bootstrap values were generated from 1,000 replicates. Bootstrap values ≥70% are shown in black circles. Scale bar represents branch lengths. NJ tree based in Cavalli-Sforza distances depicted similar topologies (data not shown).</p

MOESM4 of Experimental ovine toxoplasmosis: influence of the gestational stage on the clinical course, lesion development and parasite distribution

Additional file 4 Individual frequency of parasite DNA detection in infected animals. Table showing the individual frequency of parasite DNA detection in infected animals

MOESM3 of Experimental ovine toxoplasmosis: influence of the gestational stage on the clinical course, lesion development and parasite distribution

Additional file 3 Box-plot graph T. gondii burdens measured at the same period post infection and comparing between the three groups at the placenta and foetal viscera. Box-plot graphs represent the median burden, the lower and upper quartiles (boxes) and minimum and maximum values (whiskers). (*) indicates P < 0.05 significant differences between groups in each period post infection