A trajetória do uso do solo por florestas na região dos campos de Lages

The history of soil use by forests during XX century in Campos de Lages region, Santa Catarina state, Brazil was studied. The changes in the soil use and its relations to sociotechnical contexts have been approached, along with how these relations have affected the meaning and the value of forest soils in the Regions history. To understand the relations among soils, forests and society, a conceptual arrangement was used based on Actor-network Theory (ANT). Since the early XIX Century, when the Region insertion in Minas Gerais network through the tropeirismo occurred, cattle creation has been the typical scenario of the native landscape use. In 1940´s, changes on sociotechniques initiated the “cycle of the pine”, with intense Araucaria angustifolia wood exploitation. At the end of XX Century, the “soil forest vocation” was modified by forestry. However, existing controversies about the reforestations might change the meaning of the soil used by forests, creating a new confl ict. The study concludes that the forest use was more diverse. The forest soil had assumed distinct meanings for different actors in the course of time, although keeping the same sociallogic of land use.Estudou-se a história do uso do solo por florestas durante o século XX na região dos Campos de Lages, em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Abordaram-se as mudanças no uso do solo e suas relações com contextos sóciotécnicos, e como estas relações afetaram o significado e o valor dos solos florestais ao longo da história da região. Para compreender as relações entre solos, florestas e sociedade, foi adotado um arranjo conceitual com base na Teoria do Ator-rede (ANT - Actor-network Theory). Trabalhou-se com a hipótese de que a história florestal da Região está relacionada com a dinâmica da ocupação do território e a percepção do valor dos solos ocupados por florestas, mudando esta de acordo com o contexto e as redes socioeconômicas na qual estava inserido o território, mantendo, no entanto uma sociológica similar. Desde a inserção da região na rede das Minas Gerais através do tropeirismo, no início do século XIX, a pecuária tem sido o retrato do uso de uma paisagem campestre nativa, até que, a partir da década de 40, mudanças sociotécnicas dessem início ao “ciclo do pinho”, com intensa exploração da madeira da Araucaria angustifolia. No final do século XX a silvicultura altera a “vocação florestal do solo”, mas controvérsias existentes sobre os reflorestamentos ressignificam o solo utilizado por florestas, instaurando um novo conflito socioambiental. Em todo o período, os solos florestais assumiram significados distintos para os diferentes atores com o passar do tempo, contudo, mantendo uma mesma sociológica do uso do solo

Forest history and soil use sociologic during century XX in the "Campos de Lages" region

It was studied the soil use in forests history during century XX in the region of the Campos de Lages, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The changes in the soil use and its relations to socioeconomics contexts had been approached, and as these relations had affected the meaning and the value of forest lands on the Region history. To understand the relations among soils, forests and society a conceptual arrangement based on Actor-network Theory (ANT). Since the Region insertion in the net of the Minas Gerais through the tropeirismo, in 1800, the cattle creation has been the typical scenic of the native landscape use. Until 1940´s when the changes on socio-techniques gave the "cycle of the pine", with intense explotation of Araucaria angustifolia wood. In the end of XX Century the forestry modifies the "soil forest vocation", but still existing controversies on the reforestations, such it´s can re-meaning the land used by forests, creating a new conflict. The study concludes that the forest use was more diverse, but the forest soil had assumed distinct meanings for different actors on the passing time, having kept however, the same sociologic of land use.Estudou-se a história do uso do solo por florestas durante o século XX na região dos Campos de Lages, em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Abordaram-se as mudanças no uso do solo e suas relações com contextos sócio-técnicos, e como estas relações afetaram o significado e o valor dos solos florestais ao longo da história da região. Para compreender as relações entre solos, florestas e sociedade foi adotado um arranjo conceitual com base na Teoria do Ator-rede (ANT - Actor-network Theory). Desde a inserção da região na rede das Minas Gerais através do tropeirismo em 1800, a pecuária tem sido o retrato do uso de uma paisagem campestre nativa, até que, a partir de 1940, mudanças sócio-técnicas dessem início ao ciclo do pinho , com intensa exploração da madeira da Araucaria angustifolia. No final do século XX a silvicultura altera a vocação florestal do solo , mas controvérsias existentes sobre os reflorestamentos resignificam o solo utilizado por florestas, instaurando um novo conflito socioambiental. O estudo permite concluir que a alternância do uso das florestas dependeu do alinhamento de atores e não apenas da existência de uma condição natural favorável, mas de formas de uso e representação diversas da floresta. Em todo o período, os solos florestais assumiram significados distintos para os diferentes atores com o passar do tempo, contudo, mantendo uma mesma sócio-lógica do uso do soloCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

EFFECTIVENESS OF SAMPLING METHODS FOR THINNED AND NON-THINNED Pinus taeda L. PLANTATIONS IN THE MOUNTAIN REGION OF SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL

In Brazil, most forest inventories by sampling use the fixed-area method, even though there are other alternatives methods developed since the 1940s. Research demonstrating the effectiveness of variable-area sampling methods is scarce, especially in forest plantations that advocate thinning throughout the production cycle. This study aimed to test different sampling methods of fixed (400 m² circular) and variable (Bitterlich and Strand) areas in a forest inventory in 9-year-old Pinus taeda L. plantations with 9 years without thinning and 14 years with thinning, comparing with the total enumeration of areas. The results obtained from the variables Number of Trees per hectare (N ha-1), Basal Area per hectare (G ha-1) and Volume per hectare (V ha-1) were submitted to a test of average comparison following a completely randomized design for each plantation and the differences observed were detected with the Scott-Knott test at 95% probability. It was evidenced that the Strand method presented greater accuracy for estimating all analyzed variables, especially in the area with thinning, however, it is necessary to increase the sampling intensity to guarantee precision in all cases. The fixed area method showed results consistent with the census for N ha-1 and presented overestimates in the area without thinning and underestimations in the area with thinning for Gha-1 and Vha-1

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital-manifested COVID-19 among Brazilians

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of admitted patients with the hospital- versus community-manifested COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk factors related to mortality in the first population. Methods: This retrospective cohort included consecutive adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized between March and September 2020. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 (study group) and those with community-manifested COVID-19 (control group) were matched by the propensity score model. Logistic regression models were used to verify the risk factors for mortality in the study group. Results: Among 7,710 hospitalized patients who had COVID-19, 7.2% developed symptoms while admitted for other reasons. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of cancer (19.2% vs 10.8%) and alcoholism (8.8% vs 2.8%) than patients with community-manifested COVID-19 and also had a higher rate of intensive care unit requirement (45.1% vs 35.2%), sepsis (23.8% vs 14.5%), and death (35.8% vs 22.5%) (P <0.05 for all). The factors independently associated with increased mortality in the study group were increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer. Conclusion: Hospital-manifested COVID-19 was associated with increased mortality. Increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer were independent predictors of mortality among those with hospital-manifested COVID-19 disease

Development and validation of the MMCD score to predict kidney replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently associated with COVID-19, and the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is considered an indicator of disease severity. This study aimed to develop a prognostic score for predicting the need for KRT in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, and to assess the incidence of AKI and KRT requirement. Methods This study is part of a multicentre cohort, the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry. A total of 5212 adult COVID-19 patients were included between March/2020 and September/2020. Variable selection was performed using generalised additive models (GAM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for score derivation. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results The median age of the model-derivation cohort was 59 (IQR 47–70) years, 54.5% were men, 34.3% required ICU admission, 20.9% evolved with AKI, 9.3% required KRT, and 15.1% died during hospitalisation. The temporal validation cohort had similar age, sex, ICU admission, AKI, required KRT distribution and in-hospital mortality. The geographic validation cohort had similar age and sex; however, this cohort had higher rates of ICU admission, AKI, need for KRT and in-hospital mortality. Four predictors of the need for KRT were identified using GAM: need for mechanical ventilation, male sex, higher creatinine at hospital presentation and diabetes. The MMCD score had excellent discrimination in derivation (AUROC 0.929, 95% CI 0.918–0.939) and validation (temporal AUROC 0.927, 95% CI 0.911–0.941; geographic AUROC 0.819, 95% CI 0.792–0.845) cohorts and good overall performance (Brier score: 0.057, 0.056 and 0.122, respectively). The score is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator ( https://www.mmcdscore.com/ ). Conclusions The use of the MMCD score to predict the need for KRT may assist healthcare workers in identifying hospitalised COVID-19 patients who may require more intensive monitoring, and can be useful for resource allocation

ABC-SPH risk score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients : development, external validation and comparison with other available scores

The majority of available scores to assess mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the emergency department have high risk of bias. Therefore, this cohort aimed to develop and validate a score at hospital admission for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients and to compare this score with other existing ones. Consecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a prediction model for in-hospital mortality, based on the 3978 patients admitted between March-July, 2020. The model was validated in the 1054 patients admitted during August-September, as well as in an external cohort of 474 Spanish patients. Median (25-75th percentile) age of the model-derivation cohort was 60 (48-72) years, and in-hospital mortality was 20.3%. The validation cohorts had similar age distribution and in-hospital mortality. Seven significant variables were included in the risk score: age, blood urea nitrogen, number of comorbidities, C-reactive protein, SpO/FiO ratio, platelet count, and heart rate. The model had high discriminatory value (AUROC 0.844, 95% CI 0.829-0.859), which was confirmed in the Brazilian (0.859 [95% CI 0.833-0.885]) and Spanish (0.894 [95% CI 0.870-0.919]) validation cohorts, and displayed better discrimination ability than other existing scores. It is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator (https://abc2sph.com/). An easy-to-use rapid scoring system based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients commonly available at hospital presentation was designed and validated for early stratification of in-hospital mortality risk of patients with COVID-19

ABC₂-SPH risk score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients

Objectives: The majority of available scores to assess mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the emergency department have high risk of bias. Therefore, this cohort aimed to develop and validate a score at hospital admission for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients and to compare this score with other existing ones. Methods: Consecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a prediction model for in-hospital mortality, based on the 3978 patients admitted between March–July, 2020. The model was validated in the 1054 patients admitted during August–September, as well as in an external cohort of 474 Spanish patients. Results: Median (25–75th percentile) age of the model-derivation cohort was 60 (48–72) years, and in-hospital mortality was 20.3%. The validation cohorts had similar age distribution and in-hospital mortality. Seven significant variables were included in the risk score: age, blood urea nitrogen, number of comorbidities, C-reactive protein, SpO2/FiO2 ratio, platelet count, and heart rate. The model had high discriminatory value (AUROC 0.844, 95% CI 0.829–0.859), which was confirmed in the Brazilian (0.859 [95% CI 0.833–0.885]) and Spanish (0.894 [95% CI 0.870–0.919]) validation cohorts, and displayed better discrimination ability than other existing scores. It is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator (https://abc2sph.com/). Conclusions: An easy-to-use rapid scoring system based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients commonly available at hospital presentation was designed and validated for early stratification of in-hospital mortality risk of patients with COVID-19.</p