Utopia for the mind: American treatment of insanity in the nineteenth century

In nineteenth-century America a new approach to treating insanity was adopted. This approach was called moral therapy. Physicians who practiced moral therapy tried to create an ideal, curative environment for the disordered mind through landscape and architecture but fell short because reality demanded they use restraints and medicine to limit the behavior of their patients. This paper and accompanying online exhibit explores the conflict between moral therapy\u27s utopian setting and its dystopian reality from the 1830s through the 1870s. By 1880 most American asylums had become centers for custodial rather than curative care but an enduring legacy of moral therapy has continued to the present day

Outdoor Recreation and Female Veteran Identity: An Exploration into Higher Ground’s Program and Change in Social Identity

Female veteran experiences have been underrepresented in the literature, especially in regards to veteran programming and recreational therapy (Hawkins & Crowe, 2018a, 2018b; Lundberg et al., 2016). This study seeks to explore the female veteran experience, specifically as it pertains to the adjustment and maintenance of military identity after returning home. Military identity is a newer topic in the field, as literature surrounding this idea does not explore the direct impacts of recreational therapy on this particular type of social identity. Due to military identity being a multidimensional concept, conflict in identity can cause significant psychosocial distress (Hall, 2011; Lancaster, Kintzle, & Castro, 2018; Smith & True, 2014). This study measured military identity, using the Warrior Identity Scale with female veterans who participated in Higher Ground’s outdoor recreation military programs from 2017-2019. Results demonstrated significant changes in public perception of being in the military and military identity pride in participant’s pre to post participation in Higher Ground. Further research is needed to understand the impacts of outdoor recreation and recreational therapy on the different components of military identity, and how identity can change. Hall, L. K. (2011). The importance of understanding military culture. Social work in health care, 50(1), 4-18. Hawkins, B. L., & Crowe, B. M. (2018a). Contextual facilitators and barriers of community reintegration among injured female military Veterans: A qualitative study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,99(2). doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.07.018\. Hawkins, B. L., & Crowe, B. M. (2018b). Injured female Veterans’ experiences with community reintegration: A qualitative study. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health,4(2),18-27. doi:10.3138/jmvfh.2017-0020 Lancaster, S. L., Kintzle, S., & Castro, C. A. (2018). Validation of the Warrior Identity Scale in the Chicagoland Veterans study. Identity, 18(1), 34-43. Lundberg, N., Taniguchi, S., McGovern, R., & Smith, S. (2016). Female Veterans’ involvement in outdoor sports and recreation: A theoretical sample of recreation opportunity structures. Journal of Leisure Research, 48(5). https://doi.org/10.18666/JLR-2016-V48-I5-6897 Smith, R. T., & True, G. (2014). Warring identities: Identity conflict and the mental distress of American Veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Society and Mental Health, 4(2),147–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/215686931351221

Missed Connections in the U.N. Agenda: Applying the Women, Peace and Security Framework to the Feminization of Poverty

Women, Peace and Security, a multifaceted agenda intended to address the particular ways in which conflict affects women, has been on the United Nations agenda since the landmark Security Council Resolution 1325 passed in 2000. The unequal burden of poverty on women, a phenomenon that has been coined “the feminization of poverty,” has been on the United Nations agenda for even longer, since the 1995 Beijing Conference on Women. Yet, despite the fact that poverty and inequality both cause and result in conflict in a violent cycle, the problem of the feminization of poverty has not been integrated into the United Nation’s Women, Peace and Security agenda at large. This Note argues that the eradication of the gendered impact of poverty must be a central goal of the Women, Peace and Security agenda: first, to ensure the full enjoyment of women’s human rights, and second, because an agenda for peace can only be achieved by increasing gender equality and women’s political participation. This point is demonstrated through an analysis of the current system of international peacebuilding, which relies heavily on international financial institutions and perpetuates a neoliberal economy, to the detriment of both peace and women’s rights. This Note concludes that applying the framework of the four pillars of Women, Peace and Security (participation, protection, prevention, and post-conflict relief and recovery) can disrupt the cycles that perpetuate conflict and deny women equality, opportunity, and adequate living conditions

It Wasn’t Me: How the Doctrines of Sovereign Immunity and Misnomer Frustrate Missouri’s Petroleum Cleanup Efforts

Honk! Honk! Crash! You have just been injured in a car accident. The other driver is completely at-fault, but luckily, she was insured. You timely submit your valid claims to her well-known insurance agency, but the agency denies the claim for no apparent reason. While confused and frustrated, you take comfort in the fact that society created insurance companies to address your exact injuries and that the legal system provides remedies for this very situation. Your attorney reassures you that the other driver and her insurance agency will be held accountable, and justice will be served

The influence of self-compassion on perceived responsibility and shame following acquired brain injury

Primary objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived personal responsibility for an acquired ABI (ABI) on shame, and whether self-compassion moderates this relationship. We hypothesized that people who perceived themselves to be responsible for their injury would have high levels of shame and poorer recovery outcomes.Research design: A mixed-methods design was employed using both standardized measures and a series of open questions.Methods and procedures: 66 participants with ABI were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, multiple regression, and thematic analysis.Main outcomes and results: Significant relationships were found between self-compassion, shame, anxiety, and depression, but perceived responsibility for ABI was not correlated with any examined variables. Due to issues with the measurement of responsibility, it was not possible to complete all proposed forms of analysis. The thematic analysis revealed the ways participants’ injuries affected their perceived level of functioning, its consequences for sense of self, shame, and self-compassion.Conclusions: This study concluded that people with ABI might experience shame with respect to the injury’s impact on functioning. Study limitations and implications for providing therapeutic interventions such as Compassion Focused Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are discussed

Abrasion injuries on artificial turf : A systematic review

Objectives: To review the incidence of abrasion injuries sustained on artificial turf playing fields and the level of evidence existing on player perceptions of abrasion injuries on these surfaces. Design: Systematic review. Method: A systematic search was performed using SPORTDiscus, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases. Inclusion criteria included: abrasion type injuries measured; conducted on artificial/synthetic turf; type of sport reported; peer-reviewed original research; English language search terms, but no language restrictions. A quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality scale. Results: The search yielded 76 potential articles, with 25 meeting all inclusion criteria. Twenty articles were injury-based and five were perception–based. The differences in injury definition and the lack of details of the playing surfaces produced varying results on the rate of injuries on artificial turf. Regardless of the condition of the surface, the level of play, or the sport, players perceived the fear of abrasion injuries as a major disadvantage of artificial turf surfaces. Conclusions: The review highlighted the current disparity that exists between players’ perceptions of abrasion injuries and the level of evidence of abrasion injury risk on artificial turf playing surfaces. There is a need for the inclusion of greater detail of playing surfaces’ specifications and condition, and an injury definition sufficiently sensitive to better measure abrasion injury incidence and severity. Without this more detailed information, it is likely that the strongly perceived risk of abrasion injuries will continue as a barrier to the adoption of artificial playing surfaces

Hemorrhage-induced intestinal damage is complement independent in Helicobacter hepaticus infected mice

With over half of the world population infected, Helicobacter infection is an important public health issue associated with gastrointestinal cancers and inflammatory bowel disease. Animal studies indicate that complement and oxidative stress play a role in Helicobacter infections. Hemorrhage induces tissue damage which is attenuated by blockade of either complement activation or oxidative stress products. Therefore, we hypothesized that chronic Helicobacter hepaticus infection would modulate hemorrhage-induced intestinal damage and inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we examined hemorrhage-induced jejunal damage and inflammation in uninfected and H. hepaticus infected mice. H. hepaticus infection increased hemorrhage-induced mid-jejunal mucosal damage despite attenuating complement activation. In addition, infection alone increased chemokine secretion, changing the hemorrhage-induced neutrophil infiltration to a macrophage-mediated inflammatory response. The hemorrhage-induced macrophage infiltration correlated with increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α³) and nitric oxide (NO) in the infected mice. Together these data indicate that Helicobacter infection modulates the mechanism of hemorrhage-induced intestinal damage and inflammation from a complement-mediated response to a macrophage response with elevated TNF-α and NO. These data indicate that chronic, low level infections change the response to trauma and should be considered when designing and administering therapeutics