Agrupamento de curvas de progresso de requeima, em tomateiro originado de cruzamento interespecífico

The objective of this work was to estimate the progress curves of late blight in tomato genotypes, and to identify tomato genotype groups resistant to this disease. Twenty-five hybrid tomatoes, originated from crosses between four fresh market cultivars, one access from the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), and five F8 lines (Solanum lycopersicum x Solanum habrochaites), selected as late blight resistance source, were evaluated. Plants were inoculated with a sporangium mixture of Phytophthora infestans, and then, six evaluations for late blight severity were carried out every three days. The exponential model was fitted to the data of late blight severity percentage, and the obtained parameter estimates – initial incidence of disease (yo )and progress rate of disease (r) – were submitted to the multivariate analysis of variance (Manova). The means of these estimates, obtained for each genotype, were submitted to the cluster analysis. An optimal number of eight distinct groups was observed, which made it possible to identify the genotypes belonging both to the resistant and susceptible groups. The experimental hybrids Ikram x 73 A, Nemo-Netta x 133 A, Ikram x 163 A and Nemo-Netta x 163 A showed the smaller rate of disease progress and, therefore, higher late blight resistance.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar curvas de progresso de requeima, em genótipos de tomateiro, e identificar grupos de genótipos resistentes à doença. Foram avaliados 25 híbridos de tomateiro, originados de cruzamentos entre quatro variedades comerciais, um acesso do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH), da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), e cinco linhagens F8 (Solanum lycopersicum x Solanum habrochaites), estas últimas selecionadas como fonte de resistência à requeima. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma mistura de esporângios de Phytophthora infestans e, em seguida, foram realizadas seis avaliações quanto à severidade de requeima, a intervalos de três dias. Ajustou-se o modelo exponencial aos dados de percentagem de severidade de requeima, e as estimativas obtidas quanto à incidência inicial da doença (yo) e taxa de progresso da doença (r) foram submetidas à análise de variância multivariada (Manova). As médias dessas estimativas, para cada genótipo, foram submetidas à análise de agrupamento. Observou-se um número ótimo de oito grupos distintos, o que possibilitou identificar genótipos resistentes e suscetíveis. Os híbridos experimentais Ikram x 73 A, Nemo-Netta x 133 A, Ikram x 163 A e Nemo-Netta x 163 A apresentaram a menor taxa de progresso de requeima e, portanto, maior resistência à doença

Commissioning of the injector system of the IFUSP Microtron

Neste trabalho apresentamos o início de operação do sistema injetor do Mícrotron do IFUSP. São apresentados estudos inéditos do tratamento de desalinhamentos tanto de uma única lente quanto de um conjunto delas. As lentes magnéticas deste estágio foram alinhadas com precisão melhor que 0,18 mm. Estabelecemos um sistema de aquisição de imagens do feixe e com ele fizemos medidas da emitância, cujo valor foi determinado em (2,32 ± 0,05) pi.mm.mrad, independentemente da tensão de aceleração no canhão de elétrons, devido à limitação imposta pelo colimador da entrada do chopper.In this work we present the commissioning of the IFUSP Microtron injector system. We developed a new method to treat misalignments on a single lens as well as in a group of them. We installed an image acquisition system to acquire beam images from the fluorescent screen monitor. Emittance was measured and found to be (2,32 ± 0,05) pi.mm.mrad, independently of the beam energy, showing the limitation imposed by the collimator placed at the entrance of the chopper cavity

Beam diagnostic device based on Optical Transition Radiation (OTR)

Quando uma partícula carregada em movimento uniforme cruza a superfície entre dois meios de propriedades eletromagnéticas diferentes, ela emite a chamada Radiação de Transição (RT). Esta radiação tem espectro amplo, com emissão inclusive no intervalo de radiação visível. Esse processo de produção de radiação tem sido muito empregado em sistemas de monitoramento de feixes em aceleradores de partículas, por ser um processo que responde linearmente à carga que cruza a superfície e por permitir o monitoramento de diversos parâmetros do feixe em um único ponto de observação. Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento baseado em RT no intervalo óptico para operar em baixas energias de feixe de elétrons (próximas de 2 MeV) e realizar o diagnóstico de parâmetros importantes do feixe na entrada do primeiro estágio de aceleração do Mícrotron do IFUSP.Transition Radiation (TR) is emitted when a charged particle moving with constant velocity, crosses the boundary between two media with different electromagnetic properties. This radiation is emitted in an wide spectral range, including the optical interval. This physical process has been used in beam diagnostic devices in particle accelerators due to its linear response to the charge that crosses the boundary and also because it allows the measurement of several beam parameters in a single observation point. In this work, we present the design of a device based on TR in the optical range to operate with low energy beams (about 2 MeV). The device enables the determination of the transverse phase space and of the fractional momentum deviation of the beam at the end of the linac, allowing the determination of important beam parameters at the entrance to the Microtron Booster

Inventory of the ribbon worms (Phylum Nemertea) of Faial and Pico Islands, Azores.

A total of 9 nemertean species is recorded for the first time from Azorean waters. From a total of 38 individuals, 30 are identified as belonging to 9 different species whereas 8 individuals, which may be either local variants of known species or undescribed forms, are assigned to the Hoplo- or Palaeonemertea. The collection will contribute to part of a molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Tetrastemma

Optical transition radiation used in the diagnostic of low energy and low current electron beams in particle accelerators

Optical transition radiation (OTR) plays an important role in beam diagnostics for high energy particle accelerators. Its linear intensity with beam current is a great advantage as compared to fluorescent screens, which are subject to saturation. Moreover, the measurement of the angular distribution of the emitted radiation enables the determination of many beam parameters in a single observation point. However, few works deals with the application of OTR to monitor low energy beams. In this work we describe the design of an OTR based beam monitor used to measure the transverse beam charge distribution of the 1.9-MeV electron beam of the linac injector of the IFUSP microtron using a standard vision machine camera. The average beam current in pulsed operation mode is of the order of tens of nano-Amps. Low energy and low beam current make OTR observation difficult. To improve sensitivity, the beam incidence angle on the target was chosen to maximize the photon flux in the camera field-of-view. Measurements that assess OTR observation (linearity with beam current, polarization, and spectrum shape) are presented, as well as a typical 1.9-MeV electron beam charge distribution obtained from OTR. Some aspects of emittance measurement using this device are also discussed. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748519]FAPESPFAPESPCNPqCNPqCAPESCAPE

Positron annihilation spectroscopy techniques applied to the study of an HPGe detector.

Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy of the large Ge crystal of an HPGe detector was\ud perforrned using positrons from pair production of 6.13 MeV ϒ-rays from the 19F(p,αϒ) 16O reaction. Two HPGe detectors facing opposite sides of the Ge crystal acting as target provided both coincidence and singles spectra. Changes in the shape of the annihilation peak were observed when the high voltage applied to the target detector was switched on or off, amounting to somewhat less than 20% when the areas of equivalent energy intervals in the corresponding normalized spectra are compared.CNPqCAPESFAPES

High sensitivity boron quantification in bulk silicon using the 11B(p,α0)8Be nuclear reaction.

There is a great need to quantify sub-ppm levels of boron in bulk silicon. There are several methods to analyze B in Si: Nuclear Reaction Analysis using the 11B(p, αₒ)8 Be reaction exhibits a quantification limit of some hundreds ppm of B in Si. Heavy Ion Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis offers a detection limit of 5 to 10 at. ppm. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry is the method of choice of the semiconductor industry for the analysis of B in Si. This work verifies the use of NRA to quantify B in Si, and the corresponding detection limits. Proton beam with 1.6 up to 2.6 MeV was used to obtain the cross-section of the 11B(p, αₒ)8 Be nuclear reaction at 170° scattering angle. The results show good agreement with literature indicating that the quantification of boron in silicon can be achieved at 100ppm level (high sensitivity) at LAMFI-IFUSP with about 16% uncertainty. Increasing the detection solid angle and the collected beam charge, can reduce the detection limit to less than 100 ppm meeting present technological needs.CNPqCAPE

Deciphering the preservation of fossil insects: a case study from the Crato Member, Early Cretaceous of Brazil

Exceptionally well-preserved three-dimensional insects with fine details and even labile tissues are ubiquitous in the Crato Member Konservat Lagerstätte (northeastern Brazil). Here we investigate the preservational pathways which yielded such specimens. We employed high resolution techniques (EDXRF, SR-SXS, SEM, EDS, micro Raman, and PIXE) to understand their fossilisation on mineralogical and geochemical grounds. Pseudomorphs of framboidal pyrite, the dominant fossil microfabric, display size variation when comparing cuticle with inner areas or soft tissues, which we interpret as the result of the balance between ion diffusion rates and nucleation rates of pyrite through the originally decaying carcasses. Furthermore, the mineral fabrics are associated with structures that can be the remains of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Geochemical data also point to a concentration of Fe, Zn, and Cu in the fossils in comparison to the embedding rock. Therefore, we consider that biofilms of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) had a central role in insect decay and mineralisation. Therefore, we shed light on exceptional preservation of fossils by pyritisation in a Cretaceous limestone lacustrine palaeoenvironment