Aerobic training workload affects human endothelial cells redox

Moderate aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress, intense physical activity may produce the opposite result. At present, the effects of different exercise loads on oxidative stress markers and the response of human cells to different exercise volumes have not been fully elucidated. In this research human (Eahy-926) endothelial cells (ECs), exposed or not exposed to oxidative stress, were conditioned with sera from two groups of triathletes practising at different workloads. Although no differences in functional and hemodynamic variables were observed between the two groups of triathletes, significant changes in some markers for oxidative stress were found in their sera. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were similar, but triathletes practicing the sport at lower volume (T1) had higher serum Nitric Oxide (NO) and lower catalase activity than triathletes performing the training at greater load (T2). The ECs conditioned with serum from T1 (T1-ECs) showed higher survival and proliferation rates and lower senescence levels than the ECs supplemented with T2 (T2-ECs) serum both before and after oxidative stress induction. These effects depended on catalase as demonstrated via enzyme activity inhibition using 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ). After oxidative stress induction, Sirt1 activity, a regulator of the oxidative stress response, was significantly increased in the T1-ECs but not in the T2-ECs. Moreover, the T1-ECs required less catalase activity than the T2-ECs to counteract an equal amount of TBARS after H2O2 administration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise are eliminated when the training is performed at a greater workload. Moreover, we suggest an oxidative stress marker, serum catalase activity, as a valid tool to use in the supervision of changes to exercise volume

Aerobic training workload affects human endothelial cells redox

Moderate aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress, intense physical activity may produce the opposite result. At present, the effects of different exercise loads on oxidative stress markers and the response of human cells to different exercise volumes have not been fully elucidated. In this research human (Eahy-926) endothelial cells (ECs), exposed or not exposed to oxidative stress, were conditioned with sera from two groups of triathletes practising at different workloads. Although no differences in functional and hemodynamic variables were observed between the two groups of triathletes, significant changes in some markers for oxidative stress were found in their sera. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were similar, but triathletes practicing the sport at lower volume (T1) had higher serum Nitric Oxide (NO) and lower catalase activity than triathletes performing the training at greater load (T2). The ECs conditioned with serum from T1 (T1-ECs) showed higher survival and proliferation rates and lower senescence levels than the ECs supplemented with T2 (T2-ECs) serum both before and after oxidative stress induction. These effects depended on catalase as demonstrated via enzyme activity inhibition using 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ). After oxidative stress induction, Sirt1 activity, a regulator of the oxidative stress response, was significantly increased in the T1-ECs but not in the T2-ECs. Moreover, the T1-ECs required less catalase activity than the T2-ECs to counteract an equal amount of TBARS after H2O2 administration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise are eliminated when the training is performed at a greater workload. Moreover, we suggest an oxidative stress marker, serum catalase activity, as a valid tool to use in the supervision of changes to exercise volume

Synthesis of amides with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities

A series of N-Aroyl-cyclohexyl- and cyclohexenylamides 3- or 4-methylsubstituted were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic potencies, and gastrointestinal irritation liability. One compound, N-benzoyl-4-methyl-cyclohexylamide 6a, possessed an anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of indomethacin

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Cardiovascular Pharmacogenomics

Background: Variability in response to pharmacological treatment is one of the most important issues in the clinical practice at first exclusively attributed to clinical and demographic factors such as age, sex, nutritional status, alcohol abuse, smoking, presence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. Nowadays, it is well known that also genetic factors can modify the outcomes of pharmacological treatments. Polymorphisms in genes encoding molecules involved in both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may influence efficacy, tolerability, and safety of medications; thus, the knowledge of these genetic variants may help physicians to individualize and optimize the therapies. Objective: The main aim of this review is to summarize the current scientific evidence about cardiovascular pharmacogenomics. Conclusion: Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics is recommended only for some antiplatelet, anticoagulant and antihypercholesterolemic drugs thanks to standardized pharmacogenetic tests that are helpful in preventing thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events. Despite many studies have demonstrated that the application of pharmacogenetics may be useful also to individualize the therapy with other cardiovascular drugs, the paucity of large clinical trials and of cost-effectiveness studies limits the translation of such knowledge into clinical practice