Should Peak Dose Be Used to Prescribe Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy?-A Review of Preclinical Studies.

Spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) is characterized by the coexistence of multiple hot and cold dose subregions throughout the treatment volume. In preclinical studies using single-fraction treatment, SFRT can achieve a significantly higher therapeutic index than conventional radiotherapy (RT). Published clinical studies of SFRT followed by RT have reported promising results for bulky tumors. Several clinical trials are currently underway to further explore the clinical benefits of SFRT. However, we lack the important understanding of the correlation between dosimetric parameters and treatment response that we have in RT. In this work, we reviewed and analyzed this important correlation from previous preclinical SFRT studies. We reviewed studies prior to 2022 that treated animal-bearing tumors with minibeam radiotherapy (MBRT) or microbeam radiotherapy (MRT). Eighteen studies met our selection criteria. Increased lifespan (ILS) relative to control was used as the treatment response. The preclinical SFRT dosimetric parameters analyzed were peak dose, valley dose, average dose, beam width, and beam spacing. We found that valley dose was the dosimetric parameter with the strongest correlation with ILS (p-value < 0.01). For studies using MRT, average dose and peak dose were also significantly correlated with ILS (p-value < 0.05). This first comprehensive review of preclinical SFRT studies shows that the valley dose (rather than the peak dose) correlates best with treatment outcome (ILS)

Functional Glyconanomaterials

Nanotechnology provides a new array of techniques and platforms to study biological processes including glycosystems [...

Relación entre el grado de corrosión y el comportamiento mecánico de armaduras B500 SD corroídas

En este trabajo se discuten las herramientas de orden matemático necesarias para la presentación, a los alumnos de grado en edificación, de una metodología para el análisis de la incidencia de la corrosión de armaduras en su límite elástico y su resistencia a tracción, discutiendo los resultados de un ensayo a tracción

New cementitious materials based on alkali-activated fly ash: performance at high temperatures

This paper reports on a comparative study of the mechanical performance at different temperatures of a commercial Portland cement, used as a control, and a new cementitious material made from an 8M-NaOH activated fly ash and containing no OPC. Two types of mechanical tests were conducted: (i) high temperature mechanical tests, to determine the strength and fracture toughness of the two materials between 251 and 6001C, and (ii) post-thermal treatment tests, to evaluate the residual strength after 1 h of exposure to different temperatures (2001, 4001, 6001, 8001, and 10001C). In both cases, the results showed that the new cementitious material performed significantly better at high temperatures than the Portland cement control. Differential thermogravimetry (DTG)/TG, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analyses were also conducted to analyze the mineralogical and microstructural variations taking place in the material as a result of high temperature exposure. The results of these tests were correlated with the mechanical behaviour observed

Comportamiento mecánico a altas temperaturas de cementos de ceniza volante activados alcalinamente

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio comparativo del comportamiento mecánico, en función de la temperatura, entre un cemento Portland comercial, utilizado de referencia y dos nuevos materiales cementantes. Los ensayos realizados se han centrado en muestras de cemento portland , muestras de cenizas volantes activadas con un 100% de silicato sódico y muestras con un 70% de ceniza y un 30% de cemento activadas con un activador en estado sólido.Se realizaron dos tipos de ensayos: 1) post tratamiento térmico, donde se evaluó la resistencia mecánica residual tras una hora de exposición térmica a diferentes temperaturas, y 2) ensayos mecánicos a altas temperaturas , donde se determino el comportamiento mecánico y la tenacidad a la fractura a distintas temperaturas. Técnicas de Rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido han sido utilizadas para analizar las variaciones microestructurales en los materiales, como consecuencia de la exposición a altas temperaturas

Mechanical behavior of alkali-cement as function of the temperature.

This investigation reports on a comparative study of the mechanical behavior at different temperatures of three different alkali-activated fly ash pastes chemically activated using sodium silicate. A control Portland cement (OPC) was used as a reference. In an attempt to simulate the conditions prevailing in the event of accidental fire, post-thermal mechanical tests were performed to determine the residual strength. It has therefore been established that FA based cements can be fabricated for construction purposes and these materials have great potential for fire resistance applications

Tracing Hardware Monitors in the GR712RC Multicore Platform: Challenges and Lessons Learnt from a Space Case Study

The demand for increased computing performance is driving industry in critical-embedded systems (CES) domains, e.g. space, towards the use of multicores processors. Multicores, however, pose several challenges that must be addressed before their safe adoption in critical embedded domains. One of the prominent challenges is software timing analysis, a fundamental step in the verification and validation process. Monitoring and profiling solutions, traditionally used for debugging and optimization, are increasingly exploited for software timing in multicores. In particular, hardware event monitors related to requests to shared hardware resources are building block to assess and restraining multicore interference. Modern timing analysis techniques build on event monitors to track and control the contention tasks can generate each other in a multicore platform. In this paper we look into the hardware profiling problem from an industrial perspective and address both methodological and practical problems when monitoring a multicore application. We assess pros and cons of several profiling and tracing solutions, showing that several aspects need to be taken into account while considering the appropriate mechanism to collect and extract the profiling information from a multicore COTS platform. We address the profiling problem on a representative COTS platform for the aerospace domain to find that the availability of directly-accessible hardware counters is not a given, and it may be necessary to the develop specific tools that capture the needs of both the user’s and the timing analysis technique requirements. We report challenges in developing an event monitor tracing tool that works for bare-metal and RTEMS configurations and show the accuracy of the developed tool-set in profiling a real aerospace application. We also show how the profiling tools can be exploited, together with handcrafted benchmarks, to characterize the application behavior in terms of multicore timing interference.This work has been partially supported by a collaboration agreement between Thales Research and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 772773). MINECO partially supported Jaume Abella under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship (RYC2013-14717).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Erratum: Fernandez-Palomo, C., et al. Animal Models in Microbeam Radiation Therapy: A Scoping Review. Cancers 2020, 12, 527.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]