The influence of capital origin on Brazilian foreign trade patterns

This article aims to determine whether the geographical pattern of the external trade of foreign-owned enterprises in Brazil differs from that of domestic enterprises and whether, in the case of foreign enterprises, the region of origin of their capital is an important factor in determining that pattern, both in terms of the origin and destination of their imports and exports and with regard to the technological content. The methodology employed was panel analysis, applied to a representative set of enterprises, using trade data broken down by region for 1989, 1997 and 2000.Multinational Firm Intra-Firm Trade

INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA E EXPORTAÇÕES DAS FIRMAS BRASILEIRAS

This paper analyzes the relation between technological patterns and external performance of the Brazilian firms. The main results show that: i) technology is an important element for the exporting performance of the Brazilian firms, as much for its insertion in the international market how much for the magnifying of the exported volumes; ii) innovative firms have higher export performance then non innovative firms, specially when innovation is not restrict to adequacy of products and processes; iii) Process innovation are important for the exportation of lesser technological intensity; iv) Process and product innovation are important for the exportation of medium technological intensity products; v) Finally, the Brazilian exports of high technological intensity products are not affected by product innovations. This suggests that the competition pattern of Brazilian firms is far from the world-wide pattern, that is based in product innovations.

Fatores locacionais e o investimento estrangeiro em pesquisa e desenvolvimento: Evidências para o Brasil, Argentina e México

The aim of this paper is to analyze if specific characteristics of host countries contribute to explain foreign investment in research and development. We have estimated two step selection models to explain the decision and the level of R&D investment by multinational companies in Brazil, Argentina and Mexico. The innovation surveys in these three countries were pooled in order to do the estimations. The main results suggest that the size of the market and the interaction between firms and research institutes and universities are important locational factors explaining multinational companies investments in research and development

Estratégias tecnológicas na Argentina, Brasil e México

Este texto analisa os esforços tecnológicos do Brasil, Argentina e México a partir de uma consolidação inédita das informações disponíveis nas pesquisas de inovação dos três países. Embora sejam os três maiores e mais industrializados países do continente, o estudo identifica que os países são bastante heterogêneos em termos de seus investimentos em atividades inovadoras e, particularmente, em P&D. Os dados sugerem que as empresas desses países adotam estratégias tecnológicas distintas para realizar inovações, independentemente dos setores onde estão localizadas. Além disso, verificamos que as empresas estrangeiras, embora representem parcela significativa do faturamento industrial nos três países, contribuem de forma diferenciada para a produção local de conhecimento em cada um dos países

Financiando a ciência e a infraestrutura de pesquisa em tempos de crise

Este artigo discute, a partir de diversos exemplos internacionais, a relevância da infraestrutura científica e tecnológica para o desenvolvimento dos países. São apresentados diversos modelos de organização de sistemas de C&T ao redor do mundo, nos quais esse tipo de infraestrutura desempenha papelchave. No Brasil, as limitações dessa infraestrutura e de suas instituições são um componente a ser aprimorado para que a C&T desempenhe papel ainda mais relevante no desenvolvimento do país. Para isso, contudo, é preciso lidar com a restrição de recursos, que se tornou ainda mais severa nos últimos anos, quando o volume de investimentos públicos em C&T caiu drasticamente.This article discusses, based on several international examples, the relevance of scientific and technological infrastructure for the development of countries. Several models of organization of S&T systems around the world are presented, in which this type of infrastructure plays a key role. In Brazil, the limitations of this infrastructure and its institutions are a component to be improved so that S&T plays an even more relevant role in the country’s development. To do this, however, it is necessary to deal with resource constraints, which have become even more severe in recent years, when the volume of public investment in S&T has dropped dramatically

Elementos para a análise da baixa inovatividade brasileira e o papel das políticas públicas

This essay aims at raising some hypotheses on the low innovation output of the Brazilian economy. In the first part we show some recent indicators of the innovation-related performance of the country, and advocate that despite theadvances when compared to Brazilian historical patterns, our technological gap in relation to the rest of the world has remained the same. Upon briefly reviewing the theoretical literature on innovation determinants, we sought to map the main constraints as regards the Brazilian case. We advocate that one of the main bottlenecks to the innovation process of the Brazilian economy is a productive scale where technological intensity and production scale in local companies seldom go hand in hand. Finally, the last part points out some of the difficulties encountered when trying to devise industrial and technological policies in recent years to cope with those bottlenecks..Este ensaio procura levantar algumas hipóteses estruturais para o baixo desempenho inovativo da economia brasileira. Na primeira seção, mostramos alguns indicadores recentes sobre o desempenho inovativo do país argumentando que, apesar dos avanços em relação aos padrões históricos brasileiros, nossa posição em relação ao resto do mundo não tem se alterado. A partir de uma breve revisão da literatura teórica sobre os determinantes da inovação, procuramos mapear quais os principais gargalos no caso brasileiro. Argumentamos que um dos principais gargalos ao processo de inovação da economia brasileira é uma estrutura produtiva em que é muito raro se aliar intensidade tecnológica e escala de produção em empresas de capital nacional. Por fim, a última seção aponta algumas das dificuldades das políticas industriais e tecnológicas, no período recente, para fazer frente a esses gargalos

Desempenho comercial das empresas estrangeiras no Brasil na decada de 90

Orientador: Mariano Francisco LaplaneDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de EconomiaMestrad

Desempenho comercial das empresas estrangeiras no Brasil na década de 90: uma análise de dados em painel

During the nineties some economists expected that the intense process of productive internationalization of the Brazilian economy would bring gains, particularly regarding to the trade performance of the country. This paper aims at evaluating the importance of the ownership - foreign or national as a determinant of trade of the industrial firms in Brazil between 1996 and 2000. The analysis used individual information about more than 50.000 industrial companies in the period into a panel data econometric model. The results show that transnational corporations seem to be more integrated into international trade than locally owned firms. However, this larger integration takes the form, essentially, of stronger import activities more than of larger exports. These results contradict the expectations of some economists: that foreign companies could collaborate for a better Brazilian trade performance during the period