Spot size measurements in the Eli-NP compton gamma source

A high brightness electron Linac is being built in the Compton Gamma Source at the ELI Nuclear Physics facility in Romania. To achieve the design luminosity, a train of 32 bunches with a nominal charge of 250 pC and 16 ns spacing , will collide with the laser beam in the interaction point. Electron beam spot size is measured with an OTR (optical transition radiation) profile moni-tors. In order to measure the beam properties, the optical radiation detecting system must have the necessary accu-racy and resolution. This paper deals with the studies of different optic configurations to achieve the magnifica-tion, resolution and accuracy desired considering design and technological constraints; we will compare several configurations of the optical detection line to justify the one chosen for the implementation in the Lina

Training intermediaries on Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA), Liwonde, Machinga District, Malawi, 20-31 and 27-31 July 2015

Two Training of Trainers (ToT) events were conducted at Hippo View Lodge in Liwonde, Machinga District, 20-24 and 27-31 July 2015. The purpose was to build the capacity of the intermediaries in Balaka, Nsanje and Lilongwe Districts in Malawi to apply the Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) to interpret and communicate climate service information with farmers. The PICSA approach aims to facilitate farmers to make informed decisions based on accurate, location specific climate and weather information; locally relevant crop, livestock and livelihood options; and participatory tools to aid decision making (Field Manual 2015). Seventy intermediaries from MoA, WFP, DCCMS, FRT, Malawi Red Cross and Concern Universal were trained in the two PICSA ToTs sessions. The training included resource allocation maps (RAM), seasonal calendars, calculation of probability planting dates using historical climate data (rainfall and temperature), cropping practices, livelihood and livestock options, and participatory budgets (PBs). The intermediaries had a one-day field practice where they facilitated the PICSA process with groups of farmers. During the field practice, intermediaries were able to successfully explain to farmers concepts related to climate variability and change and farmers were able to gain a better understanding on how the climate is changing. The participating farmers were able to calculate seasonal rainfall totals, probabilities associated with planting opportunities and season length; to identify different cropping practices, livelihood and livestock options; formulate participatory budgets; and factor this information into their season plans. Farmers and intermediaries found the field practice useful because they exchanged useful locally relevant climate information. It enabled DCCMS staff to gain a better understanding of farmers’ needs, and how to better translate and communicate difficult climate related concepts in a way that farmers could understand. They also encountered challenges, including difficulty understanding technical terms and interpreting historic climate date. Although the concept was challenging, the farmers grasped the methodology to calculate probabilities associated with information such as seasonal rainfall totals by end of the field practice

Thermal simulations for optical transition radiation screen for Eli-NP compton gamma source

The ELI-NP GBS (Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics Gamma Beam Source) is a high brightness elec-tron LINAC that is being built in Romania. The goal for this facility is to provide high luminosity gamma beam through Compton Backscattering. A train of 32 bunches at 100Hz with a nominal charge of 250pC is accelerated up to 740 MeV. Two interaction points with an IR Laser beam produces the gamma beam at different energies. In order to measure the electron beam spot size and the beam proper-ties along the train, the OTR screens must sustain the ther-mal and mechanical stress due to the energy deposited by the bunches. This paper is an ANSYS study of the issues due to the high quantity of energy transferred to the OTR screen. They will be shown different analysis, steady-state and thermal transient analysis, where the input loads will be the internal heat generation equivalent to the average power, deposited by the ELI-GBS beam in 512 ns, that is the train duration. Each analyses will be followed by the structural analysis to investigate the performance of the OTR materi

Measurements and calibration of the stripline BPM for the ELI-NP facility with the stretched wire method

A methodology has been developed to perform electrical characterization of the stripline BPMs for the future Gamma Beam System of ELI Nuclear Physics facility in Romania. Several prototype units are extensively benchmarked and the results are presented in this paper. The BPM sensitivity function is determined using a uniquely designed motorized test bench with a stretched wire to measure the BPM response map. Here, the BPM feedthroughs are connected to Libera Brilliance electronics and the wire is fed by continuous wave signal, while the two software-controlled motors provide horizontal and vertical motion of the BPM around the wire. The electrical offset is obtained using S-parameter measurements with a Network Analyzer (via the “Lambertson” method) and is referenced to the mechanical offse

Optical issues for the diagnostic stations for the ELI-NP compton gamma source

A high brightness electron Linac is being built in the Compton Gamma Source at the ELI Nuclear Physics facility in Romania. To achieve the design luminosity, a train of 32 bunches, 16 ns spaced, with a nominal charge of 250 pC will collide with the laser beam in the interaction point. Electron beam spot size is measured with optical transition radiation (OTR) profile monitors. In order to measure the beam properties, the optical radiation detecting system must have the necessary accuracy and resolution. This paper deals with the studies of different optic configurations to achieve the magnification, resolution and accuracy in order to measure very small beam (below 30 μm) or to study the angular distribution of the OTR and therefore the energy of the beam. Several configurations of the optical detection line will be studied both with simulation tools (e.g. Zemax) and experimentally. The paper will deal also with the sensibility of optic system (in terms of depth of field, magnification and resolution) to systematic error

The Effect of Different Woods on the Quality of Smoked Catfish (Cryptoterus Bicirchis)

This research was intended to evaluate the effect of different woods on the quality ofsmoked catfish (Cryptoterus bicirchis). The fish weigthing ± 40 gram/fish was taken from thefisherman in Rokan Hilir. The fish was eviscerated and hot-smoked in smoke kiln with kandiswood (Garcinia xanthochymus), simpur wood (Dillenia sulfruticosa) and laban wood (Vitexpinnata). Smoked catfish was evaluated for sensory quality, phenol, acidity and pH. The resultshowed that the of smoked catfish smoked with kandis wood was the best in quality. Phenol,acidity and Ph value for the smoked catfish smoked with kandis wood was 6,30%, 3,51% and6,27 respectively; simpur wood was 3,68%, 2,19% and 6,40 respectively; and laban wood was3,99%, 2,36% and 6,48 respectivel

Beam diagnostics for charge and position measurements in ELI-NP GBS

The advanced source of Gamma-ray photons to be built in Bucharest (Romania), as part of the ELI-NP European Research Infrastructure, will generate photons by Compton back-scattering in the collision between a multi-bunch electron beam and a high intensity recirculated laser pulse. An S-Band photoinjector and the following C-band Linac at a maximum energy of 720MeV, under construction by an European consortium (EurogammaS) led by INFN, will operate at 100Hz repetition rate with trains of 32 electron bunches, separated by 16ns and a 250pC nominal charge. The different BPMs and current transformers used to measure transverse beam position and charge along the LINAC are described. Design criteria, production status and bench test results of the charge and position pickups are reported in the paper, together with the related data acquisition systems

Uji Potensi Aktivitas Antioksidan Dengan Metode Ekstraksi Bertingkat Pada Lamun Dugong (Thalassia Hemprichii) Dari Perairan Jepara

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aktivitas antioksidan pada lamun dugong yang diperoleh dari perairan Karimunjawa dan Pulau Panjang. Ekstrak diperoleh secara maserasi bertingkat dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, aseton, dan metanol. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan secara kualitatif dengan KLT. Hasilnya menunjukkan warna yang berbeda-beda, semakin pucat maka semakin kecil aktivitas antioksidan, oleh karena itu eksrak yang digunakan selanjutnya adalah aseton dan metanol. Uji aktivitas antioksidan secara kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH dinyatakan dalam nilai IC50. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kedua perairan menunjukkan ekstrak pelarut aseton lebih tinggi dari ekstrak dengan pelarut metanol yaitu sebesar 1909,89 ppm dan 2748,13 ppm dari ekstrak aseton dan metanol dari perairan Karimunjawa; 1748,41 ppm dan 2626,66 ppm ekstrak aseton dan metanol dari perairan Pulau Panjang. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi maka akan semakin besar % inhibisi, tetapi semakin rendah nilai IC50. Uji skrining fitokimia pada kedua perairan didapat senyawa steroid, triterpenoid, alkaloid, dan fenolik. Hasil pengujian kadar Total fenolik dari kedua perairan yaitu lamun dengan ekstrak metanol lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak aseton. Hasil pengujian kadar karotenoid terhadap kedua perairan menunjukkan bahwa kadar karotenoid tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak aseton kemudian disusul dengan ekstrak metanol. The research about antioxidant activity for dugong seagrass which obtainable from Karimunjawa and Pulau Panjang waters. The extract obtained by gradual maceration using n-hexane solvent, acetone, and methanol. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity test performed qualitatively by TLC. The results showed the different colors, the smaller paler antioxidant activity, therefore further extracts used were acetone and methanol. Quantitative antioxidant activity test was performed using DPPH expressed in IC50 values. Results obtained from both waters showed higher acetone extract solvents from the extract with methanol in the amount of 1909.89 and 2748.13 ppm of acetone and methanol extracts of Karimunjawa waters; 1748.41 and 2626.66 ppm acetone and methanol extracts from the waters of Pulau Panjang. These results indicated that the greater the concentration, the larger% inhibition, but the lower the IC50 value. Phytochemical screening test on both waters obtained steroidal compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic. The test result of Total phenolic of both waters showed seagrass with methanol extract higher than the acetone extract. The test results of carotenoid levels of both waters indicated that the highest levels of carotenoids obtained from acetone extracts followed by methanol extract

Analysis and Correction of Geometrical Non-Linearities of ELI-NP BPMs on Position and Current Measurements

The advanced source of Gamma-ray photons will be soon built near Bucharest (Romania) by an European consortium (EurogammaS) led by INFN, as part of the ELI-NP (Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics). It will generate photons by Compton back-scattering in the collision between a multi-bunch electron beam, at a maximum energy of 720 MeV, and a high intensity recirculated laser pulse. An S-Band photo-injector and the following C-band Linac, which are under construction, will operate at 100Hz repetition rate with macro pulses of 32 electron bunches, separated by 16ns and with 250pC nominal charge. Stripline and cavity BPMs will be installed along the linac, in order to measure both the position and charge of the electron beam. Stripline BPM response can be considered linear within a limited area around the BPM origin. In order to use the full BPM acceptance area, without accuracy losses due to non-linearities, we plan to use correction algorithms, developed on the basis of simulations and measurements of BPMs response. In particular, suitable high-order surface polynomials will be used

Inquinamento microbiologico delle sale operatorie: analisi critica di due decenni di sorveglianza

Obiettivo dello studio è stato quello di analizzare i risultati delle campagne di monitoraggio microbiologico delle sale operatorie effettuate negli ultimi due decenni presso il Policlinico di Roma, al fine di descrivere l’andamento nel tempo dei livelli di contaminazione riscontrati e di valutare eventuali cambiamenti significativi. Sono stati presi in esame i campionamenti microbiologici dell’aria effettuati all’interno di 14 blocchi operatori tra il 1992 ed il 2010. I risultati dei campionamenti sono stati aggregati in quattro periodi di tempo (1992-1996; 1996-2000; 2001-2005; 2006-2010) ed è stato analizzata la distribuzione nel tempo dei risultati dei campionamenti rispetto al limite proposto all'ISPESL per le sale at-rest (≤35 UFC/mc). La stessa analisi è stata ripetuta dopo la stratificazione per livello di rischio delle sale operatorie (AR e BR). Al fine di verificare il livello di significatività delle variazioni temporali nelle distribuzioni dei risultati si è fatto ricorso al test del x2 per il trend. Si è osservato un significativo trend in diminuzione del numero di sale con livelli di contaminazione superiori a quello indicato (x2 per trend=8,94; p<0,025). Tale riduzione ha riguardato soprattutto le sale operatorie AR (x2 per trend=7,33; p<0,05). I risultati ottenuti fanno ritenere che le misure adottate nelle sale ad AR siano risultate efficaci. Una maggiore attenzione dovrà essere posta alle sale operatorie a BR