1,411 research outputs found
High-performance -type organic field-effect transistors with ionic liquid gates
High-performance -type organic field-effect transistors were developed
with ionic-liquid gates and N,N-bis(n-alkyl)-(1,7 and
1,6)-dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)s single-crystals. Transport
measurements show that these devices reproducibly operate in ambient atmosphere
with negligible gate threshold voltage and mobility values as high as 5.0
cm/Vs. These mobility values are essentially identical to those measured in
the same devices without the ionic liquid, using vacuum or air as the gate
dielectric. Our results indicate that the ionic-liquid and -type organic
semiconductor interfaces are suitable to realize high-quality -type organic
transistors operating at small gate voltage, without sacrificing electron
mobility
Novel platinum agents and mesenchymal stromal cells for thoracic malignancies : state of the art and future perspectives
Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma represent two of the
most intriguing and scrutinized thoracic malignancies, presenting interesting perspectives of experimental
development and clinical applications.
Areas covered: In advanced non-small cell lung cancer, molecular targeted therapy is the standard firstline
treatment for patients with identified driver mutations; on the other hand, chemotherapy is the
standard treatment for patients without EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangement or those with unknown
mutation status. Once considered an ineffective therapy in pulmonary neoplasms, immunotherapy has
been now established as one of the most promising therapeutic options.
Mesenchymal stromal cells are able to migrate specifically toward solid neoplasms and their
metastatic localizations when injected intravenously. This peculiar cancer tropism has opened up an
emerging field to use them as vectors to deliver antineoplastic drugs for targeted therapies.
Expert opinion: Molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the new alternatives to standard
chemotherapy. Mesenchymal stromal cells are a new promising tool in oncology and\u2014although not yet
utilized in the clinical practice, we think they will represent another main tool for cancer therapy and
will probably play a leading role in the field of nanovectors and molecular medicine
Single-Crystal Organic Charge-Transfer Interfaces probed using Schottky-Gated Heterostructures
Organic semiconductors based on small conjugated molecules generally behave
as insulators when undoped, but the hetero-interfaces of two such materials can
show electrical conductivity as large as in a metal. Although charge transfer
is commonly invoked to explain the phenomenon, the details of the process and
the nature of the interfacial charge carriers remain largely unexplored. Here
we use Schottky-gated heterostructures to probe the conducting layer at the
interface between rubrene and PDIF-CN2 single crystals. Gate-modulated
conductivity measurements demonstrate that interfacial transport is due to
electrons, whose mobility exhibits band-like behavior from room temperature to
~ 150 K, and remains as high as ~ 1 cm2V-1s-1 at 30 K for the best devices. The
electron density decreases linearly with decreasing temperature, an observation
that can be explained quantitatively based on the heterostructure band diagram.
These results elucidate the electronic structure of rubrene-PDIF-CN2 interfaces
and show the potential of Schottky-gated organic heterostructures for the
investigation of transport in molecular semiconductors.Comment: 37 pages, 9 Figures (including supplementary information
Trafficking properties of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in health and disease.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) represent a subset of circulating leukocytes characterized by the ability to release high levels of type I interferon (IFN). Under homeostatic conditions PDCs are confined to primary and secondary lymphoid organs. This is consistent with the restricted profile of functional chemotactic receptors expressed by circulating PDCs (i.e. CXCR4 and ChemR23). Accumulation of PDCs in non-lymphoid tissue is, however, observed in certain autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions and tumors. Indeed, PDCs are now considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by a type I IFN-signature and are considered as a promising target for new intervention strategies. Here, current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the recruitment of PDCs under homeostatic and pathological conditions are summarized
Very low bias stress in n-type organic single crystal transistors
Bias stress effects in n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are
investigated using PDIF-CN2 single-crystal devices with Cytop gate dielectric,
both under vacuum and in ambient. We find that the amount of bias stress is
very small as compared to all (p-channel) OFETs reported in the literature.
Stressing the PDIF-CN2 devices by applying 80 V to the gate for up to a week
results in a decrease of the source drain current of only ~1% under vacuum and
~10% in air. This remarkable stability of the devices leads to characteristic
time constants, extracted by fitting the data with a stretched exponential -
that are \tau ~ 2\cdot10^9 s in air and \tau ~ 5\cdot10^9 s in vacuum -
approximately two orders of magnitude larger than the best values reported
previously for p-channel OFETs.Comment: Submitted to Applied Physics Letters; 14 pages, 3 figure
The importance of skin biopsy in the diverse clinical manifestations of cholesterol embolism.
Tailoring the molecular structure to suppress extrinsic disorder in organic transistors
In organic field-effect transistors, the structure of the constituent
molecules can be tailored to minimize the disorder experienced by charge
carriers. Experiments on two perylene derivatives show that disorder can be
suppressed by attaching longer core substituents - thereby reducing potential
fluctuations in the transistor channel and increasing the mobility at low
temperature - without altering the intrinsic transport properties
European consensus on grading bone marrow fibrosis and assessment of cellularity
Quantification of characteristic bone marrow biopsy features includes basic parameters such as cellularity and fiber content. These are important to assess the dynamics of disease processes with a significant impact on risk stratification, survival patterns and, especially, therapy-related changes. A panel of experienced European pathologists and a foreign expert evaluated, at a multi-headed microscope, a large number of representative slides of trephine biopsies from patients with myelofibrosis in an attempt to reach a consensus on how to grade cellularity and fibrosis. This included a critical evaluation of previously described scoring systems. During the microscopic analysis and subsequent discussion and voting, the importance of age-dependent decrease in cellularity was recognized. Grading of myelofibrosis was simplified by using four easily reproducible categories including differentiation between reticulin and collagen. A consensus was reached that the density of fibers must be assessed in relation to the hematopoietic tissue. This feature is especially important in order to avoid a false impression of a reduced fiber content in fatty and/or edematous bone marrow samples after treatment. The consensus for measuring myelofibrosis by clear and reproducible guidelines achieved by our group should allow for precise grading during the disease process and after therapy
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: Genomics mark epigenetic dysregulation as a primary therapeutic target
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy for which there is still no effective B therapy. In order to identify genetic alterations useful for a new treatment design, we used whole-exome sequencing to analyze 14 BPDCN patients and the patient-derived CAL-1 cell line. The functional enrichment analysis of mutational data reported the epigenetic regulatory program to be the most significantly undermined (P<0.0001). In particular, twenty-five epigenetic modifiers were found mutated (e.g. ASXL1, TET2, SUZ12, ARID1A, PHF2, CHD8); ASXL1 was the most frequently affected (28.6% of cases). To evaluate the impact of the identified epigenetic mutations at the gene-expression and Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation/acetylation levels, we performed additional RNA and pathology tissue-chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing experiments. The patients displayed enrichment in gene signatures regulated by methylation and modifiable by decitabine administration, shared common H3K27-acetylated regions, and had a set of cell-cycle genes aberrantly up-regulated and marked by promoter acetylation. Collectively, the integration of sequencing data showed the potential of a therapy based on epigenetic agents. Through the adoption of a preclinical BPDCN mouse model, established by CAL-1 cell line xenografting, we demonstrated the efficacy of the combination of the epigenetic drugs 5’-azacytidine and decitabine in controlling disease progression in vivo
Novel 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives. Synthesis and evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity
3,3-Disubstituted oxindole derivatives bearing a nitrogen atom at the C-3 position have been synthesized starting from 3-alkyl oxindole through a metal free pathway. These derivatives have been tested in five human tumor cell lines (PC3, MCF7, SW620, MiaPaca2 and A375) and on primary cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors providing compound 6d showing a strong anticancer effect in all cancer lines on the low micromolar range
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