Soil Moisture and Permittivity Estimation

The soil moisture and permittivity estimation is vital for the success of the variable rate approaches in the field of the decision agriculture. In this chapter, the development of a novel permittivity estimation and soil moisture sensing approach is presented. The empirical setup and experimental methodology for the power delay measurements used in model are introduced. Moreover, the performance analysis is explained that includes the model validation and error analysis. The transfer functions are reported as well for soil moisture and permittivity estimation. Furthermore, the potential applications of the developed approach in different disciplines are also examined

Radiative and magnetohydrodynamics flow of third grade viscoelastic fluid past an isothermal inverted cone in the presence of heat generation/absorption

A mathematical analysis is presented to investigate the nonlinear, isothermal, steady-state, free convection boundary layer flow of an incompressible third grade viscoelastic fluid past an isothermal inverted cone in the presence of magnetohydrodynamic, thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption. The transformed conservation equations for linear momentum, heat and mass are solved numerically subject to the realistic boundary conditions using the second-order accurate implicit finite-difference Keller Box Method. The numerical code is validated with previous studies. Detailed interpretation of the computations is included. The present simulations are of interest in chemical engineering systems and solvent and low-density polymer materials processing

Signals in the Soil: An Introduction to Wireless Underground Communications

In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is presented. The evolution of underground wireless is also discussed. Moreover, different component of UG communications is wireless. The WUC system architecture is explained with a detailed discussion of the anatomy of an underground mote. The examples of UG wireless communication systems are explored. Furthermore, the differences of UG wireless and over-the-air wireless are debated. Different types of wireless underground channel (e.g., In-Soil, Soil-to-Air, and Air-to-Soil) are reported as well

A Coupled System of Nonlocal Fractional Differential Equations with Coupled and Uncoupled Slit-Strips-Type Integral Boundary Conditions

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a coupled system of fractional differential equations with coupled and uncoupled slit-strips integral boundary conditions. The existence and uniqueness of solutions is established by Banach’s contraction principle, while the existence of solutions is derived by using Leray – Schauder’s alternative. The results are explained with the aid of examples.Розглядається iснування та єдинiсть розв’язкiв з’єднаних систем нелокальних диференцiальних рiвнянь дробового порядку зi з’єднаними та нез’єднаними розщепленими смугами в iнтегральних граничних умовах. Iснування та єдинiсть розв’язкiв встановлено за допомогою теореми Банаха про стискаючi вiдображення. Iснування розв’язкiв доведено з використанням альтернативи Лерея – Шаудера. Результати пояснено за допомогою прикладiв