Sustainable in 2030? The impact of population growth in Melbourne`s inner activity centres

The advent of sustainable approaches to managing an increase of population in our urban centres, such as the Melbourne 2030 planning policy, has led to questions regarding their successful implementation at local government level. Issues relating to the location of sustainable built form and infrastructure are of particular importance considering Melbourne 2030\u27s direction regarding intensification around existing activity nodes. The following paper embarks on an investigation into the impact of the projected population growth set out in the 2030 policy, focusing particularly on the consequent implications of increased residential densities in and around activity centres within the inner Melbourne region. Utilising various mapping techniques, a series of comparative built form/density scenarios will be generated that begin to explore the issues of implementation faced at a local government level.<br /

Modelling urban growth futures within inner metropolitan Melbourne

In the light of the Victorian State Government\u27s move towards the development of \u27Plan Melbourne\u27 - a new metropolitan planning strategy currently being prepared to take Melbourne forward to 2050 - the following paper attempts to address the issue of how an inner city target of 90,000 new dwellings (Inner Metropolitan Action Plan - IMAP Strategy 5) will impact on existing inner Melbourne activity centres. Working with the prospect of establishing a more compact city within the inner Melbourne region, the paper will focus on key suburbs within the Port Phillip area. Working with a \u27Housing Variance Model\u27 based on household structure and dwelling type, the paper will attempt to assess the impact on urban morphology as capacity is progressively altered through a range of built form permutations

Working with \u27housing variance\u27 to model urban growth futures with inner metropolitan Melbourne

Continued population growth in Melbourne over the past decade has led to the development of a range of strategies and policies by State and Local levels of government to set an agenda for a more sustainable form of urban development. As the Victorian State government moves towards the development of \u27Plan Melbourne\u27, a new metropolitan planning strategy currently being prepared to take Melbourne forward to 2050, the following paper addresses the issue of how new residential built form will impact on and be accommodated in existing Inner Melbourne activity centres. Working with the prospect of establishing a more compact city in order to meet an inner city target of 90,000 new dwellings (Inner Metropolitan Action Plan - IMAP Strategy 5), the paper presents a \u27Housing Variance Model\u27 based on household structure and dwelling type. As capacity is progressively altered through a range of built form permutations, the research attempts to assess the impact on the urban morphology of a case study of four Major Activity Centres in the municipality of Port Phillip

Social choice and groundwater management: application of the uniform rule

In recent decades, the protection of groundwater resources has become a key element in environmental policies around the world as the control of groundwater extraction is necessary to avoid groundwater depletion. This paper proposes a system to improve the allocation of groundwater resources based on the theory of social choice. We propose the implementation of the uniform rule as a mechanism to achieve more efficient groundwater allocation. The uniform rule combines individual preferences to reach collective decisions and respects the anonymity between agents. Additionally, the rule is Pareto efficient and strategy-proof. The paper compares the results obtained under the uniform rule with results achieved under other allocation rules: the proportional rule and the market rule. A numerical application is developed for the Western La Mancha aquifer (Spain), where intensive irrigated agriculture in recent decades has created serious overexploitation problems. The results highlight how the uniform rule is able to substantially improve the efficiency of groundwater extraction. En las últimas décadas, la protección de los acuíferos se ha convertido en un aspecto clave en las políticas ambientales en todo el mundo. El control de las extracciones de agua subterránea es necesario para evitar el agotamiento de estos recursos. Este artículo propone un sistema para mejorar la asignación de los recursos subterráneos utilizando la teoría de la elección social. Se propone la introducción de la regla uniforme, que tiene en cuenta las preferencias de los usuarios para alcanzar decisiones colectivas, respecta el anonimato de los agentes y mantiene las propiedades de eficiencia de Pareto y no manipulación. El artículo compara los resultados obtenidos con esta regla uniforme con los de otras reglas de reparto del agua (regla proporcional y regla de mercado). La aplicación numérica se lleva a cabo en el acuífero de La Mancha Occidental (España) donde la agricultura intensiva en las últimas décadas ha provocado serios problemas de sobreexplotación. Los resultados muestran que la regla uniforme es capaz de mejorar sustancialmente la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos subterráneos

Social choice and groundwater management: application of the uniform rule

In recent decades, the protection of groundwater resources has become a key element in environmental policies around the world as the control of groundwater extraction is necessary to avoid groundwater depletion. This paper proposes a system to improve the allocation of groundwater resources based on the theory of social choice. We propose the implementation of the uniform rule as a mechanism to achieve more efficient groundwater allocation. The uniform rule combines individual preferences to reach collective decisions and respects the anonymity between agents. Additionally, the rule is Pareto efficient and strategy-proof. The paper compares the results obtained under the uniform rule with results achieved under other allocation rules: the proportional rule and the market rule. A numerical application is developed for the Western La Mancha aquifer (Spain), where intensive irrigated agriculture in recent decades has created serious overexploitation problems. The results highlight how the uniform rule is able to substantially improve the efficiency of groundwater extraction. En las últimas décadas, la protección de los acuíferos se ha convertido en un aspecto clave en las políticas ambientales en todo el mundo. El control de las extracciones de agua subterránea es necesario para evitar el agotamiento de estos recursos. Este artículo propone un sistema para mejorar la asignación de los recursos subterráneos utilizando la teoría de la elección social. Se propone la introducción de la regla uniforme, que tiene en cuenta las preferencias de los usuarios para alcanzar decisiones colectivas, respecta el anonimato de los agentes y mantiene las propiedades de eficiencia de Pareto y no manipulación. El artículo compara los resultados obtenidos con esta regla uniforme con los de otras reglas de reparto del agua (regla proporcional y regla de mercado). La aplicación numérica se lleva a cabo en el acuífero de La Mancha Occidental (España) donde la agricultura intensiva en las últimas décadas ha provocado serios problemas de sobreexplotación. Los resultados muestran que la regla uniforme es capaz de mejorar sustancialmente la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos subterráneos

Modelling urban growth futures within inner metropolitan Melbourne

The growth of inner city living along key transport corridors in Melbourne has affected the family household structure of many of these areas through the significant supply of one and two bedroom apartments. This dissertation explores a range of housing diversity modes in order to provide for a broader range of household types

A comparative study of the cathodic behaviour of EuCl3 in two imidazolium chloride ionic liquids, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mimCl) and the 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium (C2mimCl), on a glassy carbon electrode.

Producción CientíficaThis work presents a comparative study of the electrochemical behaviour, on a glassy carbon electrode, of dissolved EuCl3 in two chlorobasic ionic liquids, the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, C2mimCl, and the 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, C4mimCl, over the temperature ranges 363–398 K and 343–363 K respectively. In both media, the electro-reduction of EuCl63 − takes place via only one electrochemical step EuCl63 −/EuCl64 −. The electrochemical system EuCl64 −/Eu(0) has not been observed within the electrochemical window of both ILs, due to the prior reduction of the respective imidazolium cation from the solvents, which inhibits the electro-extraction of Eu(0) from the media on the GC electrode. The paper describes how several electrochemical techniques (e.g. cyclic voltammetry (CV), convolutive potential sweep voltammetry (CPSV), steady state voltammetry (SSV), chronopotentiometry (CP) and chronoamperometry (CA)) have been used experimentally: i) verifying assumptions used in their theoretical analysis, and ii) ensuring reproducible conditions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, with the aim to obtain high-precision measurements of the diffusion coefficient of EuCl63 −. In order to know if there are discrepancies between the obtained data, a two-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, has been carried out. The analysis has shown that with a 95% confidence level there are no significant differences between the diffusion coefficients obtained by the different techniques. On the other hand, the diffusion coefficient of EuCl63 − increases with the temperature following the Arrhenius law, being the activation energy for diffusion 40.4 ± 2.6 and 60.2 ± 1.8 kJ mol− 1 in C2mimCl and C4mimCl respectively. The dimensionless Schmidt numbers, defined as the ratio between solvent viscosity and solute diffusivity (Sc = ν/D), have also been calculated to characterise the solute global mass transport through its environment. On the GC electrode, the electro-reduction of EuCl63 − to EuCl64 − is a quasi-reversible process. Accurate values of the kinetic parameters (i.e. the intrinsic rate constant of charge transfer, k0, and the charge transfer coefficient, α), as well as the reversible half wave potential, Er1/2, have been obtained for the first time in the mentioned ionic liquids, by simulation of the cyclic voltammograms and logarithmic analysis of the voltammograms and convoluted curvesJunta de Castilla y León, VA171U1

Contaminants of emerging concern: a review of biological and economic principles to guide water management policies

Awareness regarding water contamination has increased recently due to the emergence of a multitude of pollutants that pose a high risk to ecosystems and human health. The huge number and heterogeneity of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs), in terms of their occurrence, bio-chemical behavior, and environmental impacts complicate their monitoring and control. This paper reviews empirical literature on the current situation of CECs to analyze how the identification and control of these emissions have been addressed. The results highlight the need for the risks and impacts of these emerging contaminants to be assessed from an integrated perspective, and for accurate estimates of the cost-efficiency of abatement technologies, taking into account potential side effects, to be provided. Thus, there is an urgent need for economic research that provides guidance for regulating these substances. Furthermore, issues such as developing protocols for measuring their presence and eco-toxicity, the way in which they are introduced into the environment, and their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems have yet to be covered

Rendimientos, costes y efectos ambientales de las claras mecanizadas sobre repoblaciones de Pinus sylvestris L. en España

Se estudian 20 primeras claras, 15 de ellas totalmente mecanizadas, sobre repoblaciones de Pinus sylvestris L. en el centro y norte de España. Su sistema de aprovechamiento fue de madera corta y la combinación de medios más usual (en 13 de las 20 claras) consistió en cosechadora de cabezal en punta de grúa y autocargador (esquema 1 + 1), aunque en dos de ellas se apeó y elaboró con cosechadora ligera y en las cinco restantes con motosierra. Por un lado, se desarrollan (mediante técnicas de estudio de tiempos por cronometraje discontinuo) ecuaciones predictivas de sus rendimientos y costes, comparándose éstos con los de los trabajos semimecanizados y estudiándose su rentabilidad directa en función del peso de la clara. Los rendimientos del apeo y procesado dependen básicamente del volumen unitario medio del árbol extraído y de la fisiografía (pendiente), y los de la saca con autocargador de la distancia de desembosque y la pendiente. En este caso, se obtienen modelos distintos para los autocargadores pesados (peso en vacío mayor de 15 t) y los ligeros/medios. En cuanto a los costes, los márgenes comerciales son escasos o negativos, excepto para volúmenes unitarios o pesos que exceden los prescritos por la selvicultura. Por otro lado, se estudian los efectos ambientales inmediatos de la mecanización sobre los suelos (superficies alteradas, compactación evaluada mediante penetrometría) y sobre la masa remanente y la vegetación arbustiva, así como las acumulaciones de restos. Aunque dichos efectos no pueden considerarse graves, se detectan niveles de daños mayores que los admitidos por las legislaciones extranjeras más avanzadas. Se identifican algunos factores de los que dependen los daños, base de posibles mejoras en las prácticas de aprovechamiento