Press Coverage around the Problem Water in the Political Election

The press, by spreading the availability of resources, shortages linked with preservation. In this sense, the work explores nine briefings from 2002 to 2012 published in national newspapers regarding the lack of supply, quality, benefit, punishment and discomfort as a consequence of the water situation in a demarcation east of Mexico City.Index Framing the water situation (IESH) was used to weight the media bias in information note by content reaching a value of 102 points out of a total of 180. This finding was considered as evidence of a moderate degree of media coverage the press regarding the problems arising from water shortages. From the results discussed its implications with other studies conducted in the demarcation

Characterisation of suprathermal electron pitch-angle distributions: Bidirectional and isotropic periods in solar wind

Context. Suprathermal electron pitch-angle distributions (PADs) contain substantial information about the magnetic topology of the solar wind. Their characterisation and quantification allow us to automatically identify periods showing certain characteristics. Aims. This work presents a robust automatic method for the identification and statistical study of two different types of PADs: bidirectional suprathermal electrons (BDE, often associated with closed magnetic structures) and isotropic (likely corresponding to solar-detached magnetic field lines or highly scattered electrons). Methods. Spherical harmonics were fitted to the observed suprathermal PADs of the 119&-193 eV energy channel of STEREO/SWEA from March 2007 to July 2014, and they were characterised using signal processing analysis in order to identify periods of isotropic and bidirectional PADs. The characterisation has been validated by comparing the results obtained here with those of previous studies. Results. Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) present longer BDE periods inside the magnetic obstacles. A significant amount of BDE remain after the end of the ICME. Isotropic PADs are found in the sheath of the ICMEs, and at the post-ICME region likely due to the erosion of the magnetic field lines. Both isotropy and BDE are solar-cycle dependent. The isotropy observed by STEREO shows a nearly annual periodicity, which requires further investigation. There is also a correspondence between the number of ICMEs observed and the percentage of time showing BDE. Conclusions. A method to characterise PADs has been presented and applied to the automatic identification of two relevant distributions that are commonly observed in the solar wind, such as BDE and isotropy. Four catalogues (STEREO-A and STEREO-B for isotropic and BDE periods of at least 10 min) based on this identification are provided for future applications.Agencia Estatal de Investigació

The Solar Orbiter Science Activity Plan: translating solar and heliospheric physics questions into action

Solar Orbiter is the first space mission observing the solar plasma both in situ and remotely, from a close distance, in and out of the ecliptic. The ultimate goal is to understand how the Sun produces and controls the heliosphere, filling the Solar System and driving the planetary environments. With six remote-sensing and four in-situ instrument suites, the coordination and planning of the operations are essential to address the following four top-level science questions: (1) What drives the solar wind and where does the coronal magnetic field originate?; (2) How do solar transients drive heliospheric variability?; (3) How do solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?; (4) How does the solar dynamo work and drive connections between the Sun and the heliosphere? Maximising the mission"s science return requires considering the characteristics of each orbit, including the relative position of the spacecraft to Earth (a ecting downlink rates), trajectory events (such as gravitational assist manoeuvres), and the phase of the solar activity cycle. Furthermore, since each orbit"s science telemetry will be downloaded over the course of the following orbit, science operations must be planned at mission level, rather than at the level of individual orbits. It is important to explore the way in which those science questions are translated into an actual plan of observations that fits into the mission, thus ensuring that no opportunities are missed. First, the overarching goals are broken down into specific, answerable questions along with the required observations and the so-called Science Activity Plan (SAP) is developed to achieve this. The SAP groups objectives that require similar observations into Solar Orbiter Observing Plans (SOOPs), resulting in a strategic, top-level view of the optimal opportunities for science observations during the mission lifetime. This allows for all four mission goals to be addressed. In this paper, we introduce Solar Orbiter"s SAP through a series of examples and the strategy being followed.Agencia Estatal de Investigació

THYMUS X FAUSTINOI, HÍBRIDO NUEVO DEL SURESTE DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA

A new hybrid Thymus x faustinoi, from the Murcia region, growing with populations of Th. mastichina subsp. mastichina and Th. Granatensis subsp. Micranthus and intermediate morphogicaly between the both taxa, is described. A list of the new hybrids described in the last nine years for the Iberian Peninsula is included.Se describe el nuevo híbrido Thymus x faustinoi, encontrado en la Región de Murcia entre poblaciones de Th. mastichina subsp. Mastichina y Th. granatensis subsp. Micranthus e intermedio morfológicamente entre ambos taxones. Además se listan los híbridos nuevos descritos de este género para la Península Ibérica en los últimos 9 años

Gobernanza de la sustentabilidad hídrica:especificación de un modelo para el estudio de la reutilización cooperativa

A diferencia de la gobernabilidad en la que priva la rectoría del Estado, la gobernanza supone un proceso de cogobierno entre gobernantes y ciudadanos. En ese sentido la teoría política ha avanzado hacia la explicación de las relaciones de dependencia entre factores que inhiben y facilitan los acuerdos y las corresponsabilidades. A partir de este hecho, el presente trabajo se propone especificar un modelo para el estudio de la sustentabilidad hídrica como resultado de una cogestión. Se llevó a cabo un estudio documental y retrospectivo con una selección no probabilísticas de fuentes indexadas a repositorios líderes en América Latina, considerando el periodo de publicación y las categorías reportadas en la literatura. Se discute la pertinencia de incluir en el modelo especificado a los factores de hipermetropía y desesperanza como inhibidores del emprendimiento cooperativo. Se advierten líneas de investigación sobre los efectos de ambas variables consideradas como barreras para la gestión y administración consensuada de los recursos y servicios hídrico

Dibenzo[1,2,5]thiadiazepines are non-competitive GABAA receptor antagonists

"A new process for obtaining dibenzo[c,f][1,2,5]thiadiazepines (DBTDs) and their effects on GABAA receptors of guinea pig myenteric neurons are described. Synthesis of DBTD derivatives began with two commercial aromatic compounds. An azide group was obtained after two sequential reactions, and the central ring was closed via a nitrene to obtain the tricyclic sulfonamides (DBTDs). Whole-cell recordings showed that DBTDs application did not affect the holding current but inhibited the currents induced by GABA (IGABA), which are mediated by GABAA receptors. These DBTDs effects reached their maximum 3 min after application and were: (i) reversible, (ii) concentration-dependent (with a rank order of potency of 2c = 2d > 2b), (iii) mediated by a non-competitive antagonism, and (iv) only observed when applied extracellularly. Picrotoxin (which binds in the channel mouth) and DBTDs effects were not modified when both substances were simultaneous applied. Our results indicate that DBTD acted on the extracellular domain of GABAA channels but independent of the picrotoxin, benzodiazepine, and GABA binding sites. DBTDs used here could be the initial model for synthesizing new GABAA receptor inhibitors with a potential to be used as antidotes for positive modulators of these receptors or to induce experimental epilepsy.

Ribotipificación de aislamientos de Mannheimia haemolytica serotipo 1 obtenidos de exudado nasal de bovinos productores de leche en México

Se realizó la caracterización genética de 106 aislamientos de Mannheimia haemolytica serotipo 1 (S1) obtenidos de exudado nasal de bovinos clínicamente sanos (BCS) (n= 80) y enfermos (BCE) (n= 26) de neumonía de dos granjas lecheras del centro y norte de México, mediante la técnica de ribotipificación. De los cuales se extrajo el DNA para realizar el proceso de digestión con la endonucleasa de restricción HindIII y la posterior ribotipificación, que se realizó utilizando una sonda que contenía el operon rrnB rRNA. Se identificaron dos patrones de ribotipos: Rt1 y Rt2, en ambos casos, con bandas de hibridación con tamaños aproximados entre 0.78 y 19.70 kb. El Rt1 presentó 11 bandas de hibridación y el Rt2 13. El 96 % de los aislamientos (102/106) se agruparon en un cluster dentro del Rt1. Entre el Rt1 y el Rt2 se presentó un valor de similitud de 70 %. No se identificaron diferencias entre los Rt de los aislamientos de los animales BCS o BCE. Estos resultados indican que la mayoría de las cepas se agrupan dentro un mismo Rt (Rt1) conformando un solo cluster, independientemente del origen de las mismas y del estado de salu

The first widespread solar energetic particle event observed by Solar Orbiter on 2020 November 29

Context. On 2020 November 29, the first widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25 was observed at four widely separated locations in the inner (.1 AU) heliosphere. Relativistic electrons as well as protons with energies >50 MeV were observed by Solar Orbiter (SolO), Parker Solar Probe, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A and multiple near-Earth spacecraft. The SEP event was associated with an M4.4 class X-ray flare and accompanied by a coronal mass ejection and an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave as well as a type II radio burst and multiple type III radio bursts. Aims. We present multi-spacecraft particle observations and place them in context with source observations from remote sensing instruments and discuss how such observations may further our understanding of particle acceleration and transport in this widespread event. Methods. Velocity dispersion analysis (VDA) and time shift analysis (TSA) were used to infer the particle release times at the Sun. Solar wind plasma and magnetic field measurements were examined to identify structures that influence the properties of the energetic particles such as their intensity. Pitch angle distributions and first-order anisotropies were analyzed in order to characterize the particle propagation in the interplanetary medium. Results. We find that during the 2020 November 29 SEP event, particles spread over more than 230◦ in longitude close to 1 AU. The particle onset delays observed at the different spacecraft are larger as the flare–footpoint angle increases and are consistent with those from previous STEREO observations. Comparing the timing when the EUV wave intersects the estimated magnetic footpoints of each spacecraft with particle release times from TSA and VDA, we conclude that a simple scenario where the particle release is only determined by the EUV wave propagation is unlikely for this event. Observations of anisotropic particle distributions at SolO, Wind, and STEREO-A do not rule out that particles are injected over a wide longitudinal range close to the Sun. However, the low values of the first-order anisotropy observed by near-Earth spacecraft suggest that diffusive propagation processes are likely involved.Agencia Estatal de Investigació

Abnormal cannabidiol ameliorates inflammation preserving pancreatic beta cells in mouse models of experimental type 1 diabetes and beta cell damage

The atypical cannabinoid Abn-CBD improves the inflammatory status in preclinical models of several pathologies, including autoimmune diseases. However, its potential for modulating inflammation in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. Herein we investigate whether Abn-CBD can modulate the inflammatory response during T1D onset using a mouse model of T1D (non-obese diabetic- (NOD)-mice) and of beta cell damage (streptozotocin (STZ)-injected mice). Six-week-old female NOD mice were treated with Abn-CBD (0.1–1 mg/kg) or vehicle during 12 weeks and then euthanized. Eight-to-ten-week-old male C57Bl6/J mice were pre-treated with Abn-CBD (1 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle for 1 week, following STZ challenge, and euthanized 1 week later. Blood, pancreas, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and T cells were collected and processed for analysis. Glycemia was also monitored. In NOD mice, treatment with Abn-CBD significantly reduced the severity of insulitis and reduced the pro-inflammatory profile of CD4+ T cells compared to vehicle. Concomitantly, Abn-CBD significantly reduced islet cell apoptosis and improved glucose tolerance. In STZ-injected mice, Abn-CBD decreased circulating proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorated islet inflammation reducing intra-islet phospho-NF-κB and TXNIP. Abn-CBD significantly reduced 2 folds intra-islet CD8+ T cells and reduced Th1/non-Th1 ratio in PLNs of STZ-injected mice. Islet cell apoptosis and intra-islet fibrosis were also significantly reduced in Abn-CBD pre-treated mice compared to vehicle. Altogether, Abn-CBD reduces circulating and intra-islet inflammation, preserving islets, thus delaying the progression of insulitis. Hence, Abn-CBD and related compounds emerge as new candidates to develop pharmacological strategies to treat the early stages of T1D