7 research outputs found
Efectos de las condiciones de cultivo sobre el potencial bioenergético de rastrojo de maÃz
Para determinar los efectos de cambios en la disponibilidad de agua y nitrógeno sobre el
potencial energético del residuo de maÃz y su calidad para ser utilizado para la generación
de biogás, se sembró un hÃbrido de maÃz en un diseño en bloques completos aleatorizados
con tres repeticiones con dos niveles hÃdricos (secano y riego), y dos niveles de nitrógeno (0 y 120 kg/ha). Se determinó: rendimiento de biomasa vegetativa, contenido de nitrógeno,
relación C/N, contenido energético, composición elemental (C, H, N, O) y rendimiento teórico de biogás de los residuos. Los residuos de maÃz sin riego y con fertilización nitrogenada son aptos para producción de biogás al presentar una relación C/N adecuada. La combinación riego y fertilización eleva la relación C/N siendo necesaria la codigestión con otros sustratos para su uso eficiente.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of changes in the availability of water and
nitrogen on the energy potential and quality of corn stover to be used as raw material for the
generation of biogas. A maize hybrid was sowed in a randomized block design with three
replications with two water levels (no irrigation and irrigation) and two nitrogen levels (0 and
120 kg/ha). The yield of vegetative biomass, nitrogen content, C/N ratio, energy content,
elemental composition (C, H, N, O) and theoretical biogas yield were determined. The corn
stover without irrigation and with nitrogen fertilization is suitable for (mono) digestion becaus
it has an adequate C/N ratio. The combination of irrigation and fertilization raised the C/N
ratio and codigestion with other substrates (animal excreta) would be necessary for efficient
production of biogas.Fil: Erbetta, Elisa.
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: RodrÃguez Elizagaray, Consuelo.
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Hernández, Mariano.
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Echarte, Laura.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y TécnicasFil: Echarte, Mercedes.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnica
Towards an ideotype for food-fuel dual-purpose wheat in Argentina with focus on biogas production
Wheat straw, one of the most abundant agricultural residues worldwide, can be used to produce biogas, which is considered one of the most efficiently produced renewable energies. Wheat grown with the dual-purpose of producing food and biogas should display simultaneously high grain and straw yields, low lodging susceptibility and high conversion efficiency of straw into biogas. The aims of this study were to determine the best food-fuel dual-purpose wheat candidates among 36 wheat genotypes—including French, CIMMYT and local (Criollo) germplasm—used in breeding programs in Argentina and to gain some insights into the relationships between key traits relevant for dual-purpose wheat genotypes.
Results
High variability in individual key traits for dual-purpose wheat ideotype has been found. Genotypes of French origin displayed the highest grain yield, and those of CIMMYT origin, the lowest straw yield. Genotypes of Criollo origin showed the highest lodging susceptibility, and French ones, the lowest. Straw yield was positively correlated with grain yield in all genotypes, and negatively correlated with plant height in genotypes of Criollo origin. Straw conversion into biogas was measured in terms of the biogas potential production and kinetic parameters Bmax (maximum specific biogas production) and k (first-order kinetic constant) were analyzed. All key traits were analyzed together by a principal component analysis. Baguette 31 and SNR Nogal, two genotypes of French origin, showed high grain yield, high-to-very high straw yield, low lodging susceptibility, and moderate-to-high Bmax and k. Buck Guapo and Buck Baqueano, two genotypes of Criollo origin, displayed good values for grain yield, straw yield and Bmax and k. However, their high lodging susceptibility precludes their production in shallow soils or high-input systems. Lastly, some old genotypes (e.g. Klein Atlas) harbored a good combination of all key traits and could prove valuable to be included in future breeding programs for dual-purpose wheat.
Conclusions
While none of the genotypes excelled in every key trait, a few candidates showed potential for dual-purpose ideotype, particularly Baguette 31 and SNR Nogal. The challenge lays in gathering all attributes for food and 2G fuel in the same genotype.EEA BalcarceFil: Gabbanelli, Nadia. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Gabbanelli, Nadia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Erbetta, Elisa. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Erbetta, Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Sanz Smachetti, Maria Eugenia. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Sanz Smachetti, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Lorenzo, Máximo. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Lorenzo, Máximo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Talia, Paola Mónica. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologÃa y BiologÃa Molecular; Argentina.Fil: RamÃrez, Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: RamÃrez, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Vera, Magdalena. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Vera, Magdalena. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Durruty, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de IngenierÃa; Argentina.Fil: Pontaroli, Ana Clara. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Pontaroli, Ana Clara. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Echarte, MarÃa Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Echarte, MarÃa Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Stover biogas potential of corn crops grown under contrasting water availability and nitrogen supply
Corn stover is a biogas feedstock capable of enhancing agriculture bioenergy potential. Although the influence of growing conditions on biogas yield of corn stover has been reported, the joint effects of water and nitrogen on biogas production potential have not been addressed. A two year experiment (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) was conducted in Balcarce, Argentina to assess nitrogen supply effects on stover composition and potential methane yield of corn crops grown under contrasting water regimes. Treatments were a combination of two nitrogen fertilization doses (0 and 120 kg ha−1) and two water regimes (irrigated and rainfed). Biomass composition (mass closure procedure) was determined, a BMP test was carried out and first-order kinetic parameters were obtained. Interactive effects of nitrogen and water on stover composition were found. BMP tests showed that the biogas production rate (k) decreased upon irrigation while its response to nitrogen depended on water availability. Nitrogen supply decreased specific biogas potential (Bmax) independently of water availability. Methane yield increased with nitrogen fertilization under irrigation, while it decreased under rainfed conditions. The observed water and nitrogen supply interactive effects on stover yield, methane yield and biomass conversion efficiency highlights the importance of considering the joint effects of multiple factors when trying to assess the effects of the environment on biomass quality for bioenergy purposes.EEA BalcarceFil: Erbetta, Elisa: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Erbetta, Elisa: Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Echarte, Laura. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Echarte, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: RodrÃguez Elizagaray, Consuelo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Depetris, Gustavo Jesús. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Depetris, Gustavo Jesús. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Gabbanelli, Nadia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Gabbanelli, Nadia. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Echarte, MarÃa Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Echarte, MarÃa Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
SÃntese e caracterização de MIP com fenilalanina visando sua aplicação na técnica de SPE
PolÃmeros Molecularmente Impressos (MIPs) são polÃmeros sintéticos que apresentam alta seletividade a uma molécula de interesse. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a sÃntese e caracterização de MIPs para aplicação na extração em fase sólida (SPE), visando a determinação de fenilalanina. Os MIPs foram sintetizados a partir do MAA, fenilalanina, EGDMA, AIBN, em clorofórmio. Também foi sintetizado o polÃmero não-impresso (NIP), para controle da seletividade dos MIPs. A dessorção da fenilalanina foi realizada em extrator Soxhlet. Os MIPs e NIP foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de análise: FTIR, UV-Vis, MEV, DSC e TG. O MIP apresentou maior capacidade adsortiva à fenilalanina do que o NIP, com uma taxa média de adsorção de 55% comparada a 11% para o NIP. Por MEV o MIP apresentou superfÃcie mais porosa, importante caracterÃstica para aplicação em SPE. Os estudos realizados mostraram que o MIP sintetizado apresentou grande potencial para aplicação em técnica de SPE