Energiepfahlanlagen mit Saisonalem Thermospeicher

Im Rahmen ihrer Arbeit hat die Autorin neben einer ausfuehrlichen Beschreibung der im Boden stattfindenden Waermetransportprozesse und der Zusammenstellung relevanter, thermisch beeinflusster Materialparameter und -kenngroessen kleinmassstaebliche Modellversuche an einem Testenergiepfahl durchgefuehrt, um das Verhalten von Energiepfaehlen im Saisonalen Thermospeicher zu untersuchen. Die numerische Modellierung dieser Modellversuche und weitere numerische Parameterstudien ermoeglichen die Identifizierung der Kenngroessen, die den groessten Einfluss auf das thermische Spannungs-Dehnungsverhalten einer Energiepfahlanlage haben. Anhand der Modellierung der Energiepfahlanlage mit Saisonalen Thermospeicher des Hochhauses Main Tower in Frankfurt am Main zeigt die Autorin die Auswirkungen eines mehrjaehrigen Energiepfahlbetriebs auf das Verformumgs- und Tragverhalten dieser Energiepfahlanlage. Aufbauend auf diesen Ergebnissen ist es der Autorin gelungen, Hinweise zum Entwurf und zur Bemessung von Energiepfahlanlagen mit Saisonalem Thermospeicher unter Beruecksichtigung des thermischen, des mechanischen und des thermisch-mechanischen Verhaltens des Boden-Energiepfahl-Systems zu schaffen. (orig.)Heat transfer processes in the ground are described in detail, and relevant thermally influenced material parameters and characteristics are compiled. Further, small-scale model experiments on a test energy pile were carried out which were to provide information on the performance of energy piles in seasonal energy storage. Numeric modelling and further numeric parameter studies enable an identification of those parameters that have the biggest influence on the thermal stress-strain behaviour of an energy pile system. A model of the energy pile system and seasonal thermal energy storage system of the 'Maintower' high-rise building at Frankfurt was studied in order to obtain information on the deformation and strength characteristics of an energy pile system. Recommendations are made concerning design and dimensioning of energy pile systems with seasonal thermal energy storage, in consideration of the thermal, mechanical and thermal-mechanical characteristics of the soil-energy pile system. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RA 2872(60) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Basic Motor Competencies of 6- to 8-Year-Old Primary School Children in 10 European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations With Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity

Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a prerequisite for children to be physically active, participate in sports and thus develop a healthy, active lifestyle. The present study provides a broad screening of BMC and associations with age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and extracurricular physical activity (PA) in 10 different European countries. The different country and regional contexts within Europe will offer a novel view on already established BMC associations. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 regions in 10 European countries in 2018. The motor competence areas, object movement (OM) and self-movement (SM), were assessed using the MOBAK-1-2 test instrument in 3758 first and second graders (age: M = 6.86 ± 0.60 years; 50% girls) during Physical Education classes. Children were questioned about their extracurricular PA and age. Their body weight and height were measured in order to calculate BMI. Statistical analyses included variances and correlations. The results showed significant differences in BMC levels between countries (OM: F = 18.74, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.048; SM: F = 73.10, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.163) whereas associations between BMC and correlates were similar. Boys performed significantly better in OM while girls performed better in SM. Age was consistently positively related to OM and SM with older children reaching higher levels of BMC than younger ones. While participation rates for extracurricular PA differed widely, participation in ball sports was correlated with OM and SM. Participation in individual sports showed a significant association with SM. In summary, BMC levels of children seem to depend on where they live and are strongly related to their participation in extracurricular PA. Therefore, education and health policies, in order to enhance motor competence development and PA participation, are recommended. Further research on country-specific Physical Education frameworks and their influence on BMC will provide more insights into structural factors and cultural characteristics of BMC development. On a school level, support tools and educational materials for teachers about BMC may enable children to achieve a basic level of motor competencies through Physical Education, contributing to lifelong participation in PA. Copyright © 2022 Wälti, Sallen, Adamakis, Ennigkeit, Gerlach, Heim, Jidovtseff, Kossyva, Labudová, Masaryková, Mombarg, De Sousa Morgado, Niederkofler, Niehues, Onofre, Pühse, Quitério, Scheuer, Seelig, Vlček, Vrbas and Herrmann