28 research outputs found

    For Prof. Dr. Petar Tzonov - cordially

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    Words for the late editor in chief of the Journal Social medicine - Prof. Dr. Petar Tzonov

    Biological food safety and health policy in this field

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    The article describes the activities and achievements in preserving the biological safety of food in Bulgaria and in particular in the field of food microbiology over a long period of time. The changes in the health policy in this field of public health after the accession of our country to the EU are evaluated based on concrete examples from the practice of control. The negatives from the transfer of the specific medical supervision over the safety to the Bulgarian Food Safety Agency are indicated. The end result is the loss of the positions of the Ministry of Health in the field of control of the biological value and safety of food, the diagnosis and prevention of food diseases, and the prevention of longtime side effect such as chronic non communicable diseases as a result of food staff and nutrition habit

    Importance of the system for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) in child nutrition

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    Historical data on the creation, dissemination and validation of systematic internal control over the production and distribution of food to the population and the HACCP system as a main tool of the preventive approach in modern food hygiene for the supply of safe food are presented. The system is applied in all developed countries, including Bulgaria, and its mandatory application is regulated in the international normative documents of Codex Alimentarius in the Regulations of the European Union. The basic steps and principles of the HACCP system are considered. In short, an overview of the main groups of food hazards is given – physical, chemical and biological. The produced large groups of children's food and the importance of the HACCP principles for the protection of their safety are considered. Emphasis is placed on the traditional for Bulgaria children's milk kitchens - unique food objects for complex lunch feeding of children from 8 months to 3 years of age. The specific features of these essentially health facilities and the importance of the HACCP system for ensuring a full, varied, healthy and safe nutrition of this most vulnerable group of the child population are discussed

    Dietary Fibers in Grain Species as Sources of Wholegrain Foods

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    The paper presents the results of an analysis of 20 lots of cereal products (grains and processed grains products) from different geographic regions. The samples were analyzed for dietary fibers content applying the enzymatic-gravimetric method AOAC 985.29. The differences in the amounts of dietary fibers in the individual grain varieties cover wide intervals and vary between 19 and 41% approximately, and between particular types of flour – in the interval 9 – 25% approximately. The obtained results can be used in completing and upgrading the Chemical Composition Tables of Bulgarian Foods as well as respond to the needs of medical dietology and dietetic practice in Bulgaria from the viewpoint of formulation of healthy foods and recipes. Those data can also be used to provide for informed choice through listing of nutritional information on food labels

    ΠœΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° эффСктивности систСмы Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° рисков ΠΈ критичСских ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Π² производствС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с высокой ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡŽ риска

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    Π’Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ”Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ законодавства, Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡƒ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π΅ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Ρ†Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² харчування. ВпровадТСння Ρ‚Π° функціонування систСми HACCP Π½Π°Ρ†Ρ–Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° досягнСння сСрйозних ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ†Ρ–Π»Π΅ΠΉ: захисту Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²'я споТивачів, ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡƒ зараТСння Ρ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ токсикогСнами, Ρ–Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ Ρ– інтоксикацій, ΠΏΠΎΠ²'язаних Π· Ρ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΒ­Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, як Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ забруднСння Ρ– Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– для Ρ–Π½ΡˆΠΈΡ… спСцифічних Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡƒ. Π¦Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…Ρ–Π΄ Ρ” ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ. Бучасний досвід ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π² числСнні упущСння Ρ– розбіТності Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ†Ρ– Ρ– Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ– HACCP Π· урахуванням Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ступСня Π½Π΅Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ–ΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ– прСдставлСні Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ СфСктивності систСми HACCP Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‚Π²Ρ– ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ…, ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ–Π½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ–Π², пастСризованих ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ”Ρ†ΡŒ, стСрилізованих консСрвів Ρ– Ρ‚. Π΄., які Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° основні Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρ– Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π², Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– Π΄Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Ρ–Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ. Π—Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΡ–ΠΆ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ– ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŽ, спрямовані Π½Π° усунСння встановлСних систСмних нСвідповідностСй.Π’ соотвСтствии с Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ СвропСйским Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² возлагаСтся Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² питания. Π’Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ систСм HACCP Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° достиТСниС ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ: Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ риска зараТСния ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ токсикогСнами, ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ интоксикаций, связанных с ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ химичСского загрязнСния ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… спСцифичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² риска. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ являСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ. ΠΡ‹Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» многочислСнныС упущСния ΠΈ расхоТдСния Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ HACCP с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни опасности. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ прСдставлСны Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ критичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° эффСктивности систСмы HACCP Π² производствС кондитСрских, ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ, пастСризованных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ яиц, стСрилизованных консСрвов ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π΄., ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° основныС нСдостатки Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ рисков, соотвСтствиС критичСских Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ дСйствия ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ производитСлями ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ контроля, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° устранСниС установлСнных систСмных нСсоотвСтствий.The current European legislation assigned the responsibility for food safety to the food producers and traders. The introduction and functioning of HACCP systems strives to achieve serious medical goals – consumer’s health protection, minimizing the risk for foodborne toxicoinfections, infections and intoxications, for chemical contamination and additives, as well as for other specific hazards. The approach is entirely preventive. The current experience has revealed numerous omissions and discrepancies in HACCP elaboration and functioning referring to the real extent of the hazard. This paper presents results from a critical analysis of the performance of HACCP systems in the production of confectionary, ready-toserve foods, pasteurized egg products, sterilized canned foods, etc., highlighting the major defects in hazard analysis, adequacy of the critical points, correction activities, and verification procedures. Suggestions are provided concerning the optimization of the relationships between the producers and the control authorities aiming to eliminate the established system discrepancie

    ΠœΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° эффСктивности систСмы Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° рисков ΠΈ критичСских ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Π² производствС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с высокой ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡŽ риска

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    Π’Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ”Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ законодавства, Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡƒ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π΅ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Ρ†Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² харчування. ВпровадТСння Ρ‚Π° функціонування систСми HACCP Π½Π°Ρ†Ρ–Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° досягнСння сСрйозних ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ†Ρ–Π»Π΅ΠΉ: захисту Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²'я споТивачів, ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡƒ зараТСння Ρ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ токсикогСнами, Ρ–Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ Ρ– інтоксикацій, ΠΏΠΎΠ²'язаних Π· Ρ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΒ­Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, як Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ забруднСння Ρ– Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– для Ρ–Π½ΡˆΠΈΡ… спСцифічних Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡƒ. Π¦Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…Ρ–Π΄ Ρ” ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ. Бучасний досвід ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π² числСнні упущСння Ρ– розбіТності Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ†Ρ– Ρ– Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ– HACCP Π· урахуванням Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ступСня Π½Π΅Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ–ΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ– прСдставлСні Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ СфСктивності систСми HACCP Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‚Π²Ρ– ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ…, ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ–Π½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ–Π², пастСризованих ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ”Ρ†ΡŒ, стСрилізованих консСрвів Ρ– Ρ‚. Π΄., які Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° основні Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρ– Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π², Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– Π΄Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Ρ–Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ. Π—Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΡ–ΠΆ Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ– ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŽ, спрямовані Π½Π° усунСння встановлСних систСмних нСвідповідностСй.Π’ соотвСтствии с Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ СвропСйским Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² возлагаСтся Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² питания. Π’Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ систСм HACCP Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° достиТСниС ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ: Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ риска зараТСния ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ токсикогСнами, ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ интоксикаций, связанных с ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ химичСского загрязнСния ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… спСцифичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² риска. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ являСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ. ΠΡ‹Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» многочислСнныС упущСния ΠΈ расхоТдСния Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ HACCP с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни опасности. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ прСдставлСны Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ критичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° эффСктивности систСмы HACCP Π² производствС кондитСрских, ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ, пастСризованных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ яиц, стСрилизованных консСрвов ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π΄., ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° основныС нСдостатки Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ рисков, соотвСтствиС критичСских Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ дСйствия ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ производитСлями ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ контроля, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° устранСниС установлСнных систСмных нСсоотвСтствий.The current European legislation assigned the responsibility for food safety to the food producers and traders. The introduction and functioning of HACCP systems strives to achieve serious medical goals – consumer’s health protection, minimizing the risk for foodborne toxicoinfections, infections and intoxications, for chemical contamination and additives, as well as for other specific hazards. The approach is entirely preventive. The current experience has revealed numerous omissions and discrepancies in HACCP elaboration and functioning referring to the real extent of the hazard. This paper presents results from a critical analysis of the performance of HACCP systems in the production of confectionary, ready-toserve foods, pasteurized egg products, sterilized canned foods, etc., highlighting the major defects in hazard analysis, adequacy of the critical points, correction activities, and verification procedures. Suggestions are provided concerning the optimization of the relationships between the producers and the control authorities aiming to eliminate the established system discrepancie

    Dietary Fibers in Grain Species as Sources of Wholegrain Foods

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    The paper presents the results of an analysis of 20 lots of cereal products (grains and processed grains products) from different geographic regions. The samples were analyzed for dietary fibers content applying the enzymatic-gravimetric method AOAC 985.29. The differences in the amounts of dietary fibers in the individual grain varieties cover wide intervals and vary between 19 and 41% approximately, and between particular types of flour – in the interval 9 – 25% approximately. The obtained results can be used in completing and upgrading the Chemical Composition Tables of Bulgarian Foods as well as respond to the needs of medical dietology and dietetic practice in Bulgaria from the viewpoint of formulation of healthy foods and recipes. Those data can also be used to provide for informed choice through listing of nutritional information on food labels

    EGGS IN THE HUMAN DIET - FACTS AND CHALLENGES

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    Eggs are a good source of balanced nutritional and biologically active substances - proteins, lipids, some irreplaceable nutritional components such as amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements, etc. It is identified as the cheapest animal source of proteins, lipids, vitamins A, B12, riboflavin, choline, iron, zinc, phosphorus and calcium. At the same time, the dangers to human health that eggs can carry are also taken into account. Material/Methods: The literature used is based on databases PubMed, Embase and as well as data from own studies. Review Results: In the present review, we provide data on the importance of the composition of eggs in human nutrition are presented and the risk of their use is evaluated. Conclusions: The high biological and nutritional value of eggs are grounds for their use in the daily life of healthy people, without additional restrictions of cardiovascular diseases. There is a risk of food poisoning, which can be limited to acceptable levels by following good hygiene practices

    Mean field theory for collective motion of quantum meson fields

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    Mean field theory for the time evolution of quantum meson fields is studied in terms of the functional Schroedinger picture with a time-dependent Gaussian variational wave functional. We first show that the equations of motion for the variational wavefunctional can be rewritten in a compact form similar to the Hartree-Bogoliubov equations in quantum many-body theory and this result is used to recover the covariance of the theory. We then apply this method to the O(N) model and present analytic solutions of the mean field evolution equations for an N-component scalar field. These solutions correspond to quantum rotations in isospin space and represent generalizations of the classical solutions obtained earlier by Anselm and Ryskin. As compared to classical solutions new effects arise because of the coupling between the average value of the field and its quantum fluctuations. We show how to generalize these solutions to the case of mean field dynamics at finite temperature. The relevance of these solutions for the observation of a coherent collective state or a disoriented chiral condensate in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions is discussed.Comment: 31 pages, 2 Postscript figures, uses ptptex.st
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