29 research outputs found
RIO+10 RESULTS
The Worldâs Committee on Sustainable Development (WCSD) called Rio+10, took place in Johannesburg (South Africa) in 2002and succeeded the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), or Rio92, and the United Nations Conference onHuman Environment (UNCHE) held in Stockholm in 1972. The relevance of the Johannesburg event is related to mankindâs urgent need to come to an agreement about the level of acceptable anthropic interference in the worldâs environment. This text aims to report Rio+10main decisions using the official documents of the event as a source and evaluate the evolution and the coherence regarding to theprevious conferences. The author also discusses the commitments taken and demonstrates some implications for the Brazilian case.A CĂșpula Mundial sobre Desenvolvimento SustentĂĄvel (CMDS), a chamada Rio+10, teve lugar em Johannesburgo (Ăfrica do Sul)em 2002 e foi a sucedĂąnea natural de dois eventos: a ConferĂȘncia das NaçÔes Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CNUMAD),ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro em 1992 (a chamada Rio 92); e a ConferĂȘncia das NaçÔes Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente Humano (CNUMAH),ocorrida em Estocolmo em 1972. Sua importĂąncia vem da necessidade da humanidade chegar a um acordo a respeito do grau deinterferĂȘncia antrĂłpica sobre o meio ambiente. O objetivo do texto Ă© o de fazer um relato das principais decisĂ”es da Rio+10 utilizando comofonte os documentos oficiais do evento e avaliando a evolução e a coerĂȘncia relativamente Ă s conferĂȘncias anteriores. Tecemos tambĂ©mconsideraçÔes sobre os compromissos assumidos mostrando algumas implicaçÔes para o caso brasileiro
The empirics of the Solow growth model: Long-term evidence
In this paper we reassess the standard Solow growth model, using a dynamic panel data approach. A new methodology is chosen to deal with this problem. First, unit root tests for individual country time series were run. Second, panel data unit root and cointegration tests were performed. Finally, the panel cointegration dynamics is estimated by (DOLS) method. The resulting evidence supports roughly one-third capital share in income, a.Economic growth, panel data, unit root, cointegration and convergence
Brasil, a mudança do clima e o perĂodo pĂłs-Quioto
O artigo discute a negociação de um acordo no perĂodo pĂłs-Quioto e o posicionamento do Brasil face a esse tema. Para isso, aborda brevemente a questĂŁo da mudança do clima a fim de situar o Brasil nesse problema. Revela que o paĂs Ă© o terceiro maior emissor de gases de efeito estufa e procura apontar, com base em dados recentes, a causa principal, a saber, mudança no uso da terra e das florestas e a decomposição da biomassa como resultado do desflorestamento. Especula as motivaçÔes que levaram o governo brasileiro a adotar metas voluntĂĄrias de emissĂ”es de gases de efeito estufa. Argumenta-se que essa decisĂŁo tambĂ©m Ă© de fundo estratĂ©gico, uma vez que a falta de açÔes concretas poderia levar a metas mais rĂgidas impostas pelas negociaçÔes do perĂodo pĂłs-Quioto ou pela adoção de sançÔes de outros tipos
Sazonalidade em sĂ©ries temporals quadrissemanais â o caso do IMEC
This paper uses the available econometric techniques to analyze the seasonality in the time series of the Indicator of Economic Movements (IMEC), measured by Fundayao Instituto de Pesquisas Economicas (PIPE), from Sao Paulo (Brazil). It is more plausible for this series to consider a model with a smooth transition in trend and intercept rather than the alternative hypothesis of a unit root. Taking these findings into account, we then searched for any type of typical seasonal behavior inside the month in the detrended time series.There is evidence of deterministic seasonality in the beginning of the month, with a positive impact in the first week and a negative impact in the second week. There is also evidence of periodic behavior, indicating a different response of the series dependent on the week that the observation occurs
EvidĂȘncias sobre curva ambiental de Kuznets e convergĂȘncia das emissĂ”es
Recently many researchers started to study the relationship between economic growthand pollution. Two distinct approaches followed from these studies: the EnvironmentalKuznets Curve (EKC) and the convergence of emissions. In this context, Brock and Taylor(2010) built a model that makes a bridge between both methodologies, as convergenceof emissions implies the EKC. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the EKC (in atraditional way) and the model proposed by Brock and Taylor (2010) in order to verify ifthe results reinforce each other. The estimates of the curve were sensitive to the modelchosen. The estimates of the model pointed to evidence of conditional convergence ofper capita emissions and of the EKC.Nos Ășltimos anos, o impacto da poluição no meio ambiente se tornou um tema de grande relevĂąncia, uma vez que nĂveis desmedidos de emissĂ”es tĂȘm sido responsĂĄveis por alteraçÔes ambientais. Muitos autores se dedicaram a estudar a relação existente entre o crescimento econĂŽmico e a poluição. Destes estudos, surgiram duas abordagens distintas: Curva Ambiental de Kuznets e convergĂȘncia das emissĂ”es. Neste contexto, Brock e Taylor (2010) desenvolveram um modelo alternativo que liga estas duas metodologias. O objetivo deste trabalho Ă© estimar a Curva Ambiental de Kuznets e o modelo de Brock e Taylor (2010) separadamente com o intuito de verificar se os resultados apontam para uma mesma direção. As estimaçÔes da curva foram sensĂveis ao modelo escolhido. JĂĄ a estimação do modelo apontou evidĂȘncias de que ocorre convergĂȘncia condicional das emissĂ”es per capita
The Empirics of the Solow Growth Model: Long-Term Evidence
The purpose of this paper is to reassess the standard Solow growth model,using a dynamic panel data approach. A new methodology is chosen to deal with this problem. First, unit root tests for individual country time series were run. Second, panel data unit root and cointegration tests were performed. Finally, the panel cointegration dynamics is estimated by DOLS method. The resulting evidence supports roughly one- third capital share in income.Economic growth, panel data, unit root, cointegration and convergence
Reverse and Forward Engineering of Local Voltage Control in Distribution Networks
The increasing penetration of renewable and distributed energy resources in
distribution networks calls for real-time and distributed voltage control. In
this paper we investigate local Volt/VAR control with a general class of
control functions, and show that the power system dynamics with non-incremental
local voltage control can be seen as distributed algorithm for solving a
well-defined optimization problem (reverse engineering). The reverse
engineering further reveals a fundamental limitation of the non-incremental
voltage control: the convergence condition is restrictive and prevents better
voltage regulation at equilibrium. This motivates us to design two incremental
local voltage control schemes based on the subgradient and pseudo-gradient
algorithms respectively for solving the same optimization problem (forward
engineering). The new control schemes decouple the dynamical property from the
equilibrium property, and have much less restrictive convergence conditions.
This work presents another step towards developing a new foundation -- network
dynamics as optimization algorithms -- for distributed realtime control and
optimization of future power networks
Brasil, a mudança do clima e o perĂodo pĂłs-Quioto
O artigo discute a negociação de um acordo no perĂodo pĂłs-Quioto e o posicionamento do Brasil face a esse tema. Para isso, aborda brevemente a questĂŁo da mudança do clima a fim de situar o Brasil nesse problema. Revela que o paĂs Ă© o terceiro maior emissor de gases de efeito estufa e procura apontar, com base em dados recentes, a causa principal, a saber, mudança no uso da terra e das florestas e a decomposição da biomassa como resultado do desflorestamento. Especula as motivaçÔes que levaram o governo brasileiro a adotar metas voluntĂĄrias de emissĂ”es de gases de efeito estufa. Argumenta-se que essa decisĂŁo tambĂ©m Ă© de fundo estratĂ©gico, uma vez que a falta de açÔes concretas poderia levar a metas mais rĂgidas impostas pelas negociaçÔes do perĂodo pĂłs-Quioto ou pela adoção de sançÔes de outros tipos
Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol
The purpose of this paper is to undertake a critical evaluation of the Kyoto Protocol. The evolution of the discussions that produced the final document is sketched through the analysis of official documents of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), relevant papers and material from the press. We also discuss the factors that cast doubts on the continuation and feasibility of the Protocol and the prospects for the post-Kyoto period and a new compromise