Land Suitability Analysis as Multi Criteria Decision Making to Support the Egyptian Urban Development

Sustainability in urban development is considered as a main concrete stone that effect directly the quality of life for its users. Land Suitability Analysis (LSA) using GIS as a multi criteria support tool reveals the best alternatives for the suitability of sustainable land development. Urban planners working under the umbrella of sustainability using recent technology should contribute their work directly to LSA. This paper aims to develop a new technique to be used by planner to reach best alternative for five main urban sectors (agriculture, Industry, Trade, Tourism, & Residential) using GIS as a multi criteria decision support tool (MCDS), accordingly choosing best city location will be accurately and analyzed upon LSA studies. LSA and MCDS are going to be applied on one survey unit map called Monof along Cairo – Alexandria Road. Results showed that different alternatives could be applied on the area of interest, and all of them are sustainable, but choosing the best deepened on the priority of querying the development sector. The paper suggests a pilot method for land development planning and choosing best city location that would be a guide for the governmental planning organization to support in taking right and analyzed planning decisions

A Suggested Tests Battery to Determine the Abilities of Savant Syndrome of Autism

The current research aimed to identify the significance of A suggested Tests Battery in determining the abilities that include language, mathematics, art, music, calculus, visual, spatial, mechanics and memory for those with the Savant syndrome. The differences between those who are Savant with autism syndrome and those who are accustomed to these tests were ascertained to ensure that these tests are suitable for those with syndrome and the contribution of the memory test in the prediction of each of the seven tests. The study relied on a sample consisted of 35 students with autism and 35 normal students, they all utilized the tests battery. And the results showed that the suggested tests battery was effective in in determining the abilities that include language, mathematics, art, music, calculus, visual, spatial, mechanics and memory for those with the Savant syndrome. Keywords: Savant Syndrome – Savantism – Autism DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/9-10-02 Publication date:May 31st 201

Investigating the significance of water associated with organic matter towards atmospheric Aerosol Liquid Water Content in Florida

Aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and is influenced by relative humidity, as well as inorganic and organic aerosol concentrations and their composition. However, the contribution of organic versus inorganic aerosol towards ALWC is highly uncertain at present. While some studies report the negligible contribution of organic aerosol to the concentration of ALWC, others provide evidence for a contribution of organic aerosol similar to that of inorganic aerosol. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the contribution of organic aerosol to the concentrations of ALWC under contrasting environmental conditions in Florida across different seasons. Organic and speciated inorganic concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were provided by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and assessed through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Database, at three sites during 2017-2022. Gaseous concentrations of ammonia and nitric acid were acquired from the EPA’s CASTNET network during the same period. Water associated with inorganic aerosol (Winorg) was calculated using the hyperdual version of ISORROPIAv2.1 aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium model. Concentrations of aerosol inorganic composition (Na+, NH4+, K+, SO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3- and Cl-), temperature, and RH as well as nitric acid and ammonia gaseous concentrations were input to calculate partitioned inorganic concentrations and ALWC as well as sensitivities of each of these concentrations to the sum of the aerosol and gaseous concentrations. The liquid water associated with organics (Worg) was calculated based on organic concentrations, meteorological data, and hygroscopicity assumptions based on the kappa-Kohler theory. The total ALWC was thus calculated as the sum of the liquid water associated with inorganic and organic aerosol constituents. These analyses will provide insight into the significance of organic matter towards ALWC in the atmosphere with implications for the accurate representation of ALWC in models

The Breathing Human Infrastructure: Integrating Air Quality, Traffic, And Social Media Indicators

Outdoor air pollution is a complex system that is responsible for the deaths of millions of people annually, yet the integration of interdisciplinary data necessary to assess air quality\u27s multiple metrics is still lacking. This case study integrates atmospheric indicators (concentrations of criteria pollutants including particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), traffic indicators (permanent traffic monitoring station data), and social indicators (community responses in Twitter archives) representing the interplay of the three critical pillars of the United Nations\u27 Triple Bottom Line: environment, economy, and society. During the watershed moment of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in Florida, urban centers demonstrated the gaps and opportunities for understanding the relationships, through correlations rather than causations, between urban air quality, traffic emissions, and public perceptions. The relationship between the perception and the traffic variables were strongly correlated, however no correlation was observed between the perception and actual air quality indicators, except for NO2. These observations might consequently infer that traffic serves as people\u27s proxy for air quality, regardless of actual air quality, suggesting that social media messaging around asthma may be a way to monitor traffic patterns in areas where no infrastructure currently exists or is prohibited to build. It also indicates that people are less likely to be reliable sensors to accurately measure air quality due to bias in their observations of traffic volume and/or confirmation biases in broader social discourse. Results presented herein are of significance in demonstrating the capacity for interdisciplinary studies to consider the predictive capacities of social media and air pollution, its use as both lever and indicator of public support for air quality legislation and clean-air transitions, and its ability to overcome limitations of surface monitoring stations

Incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw farm and market milk sample

Objectives: This study was applied to investigate the incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw farm and market milk and studying the quality drawbacks which might happen in milk as a result of its existence.Design: Observation study.Samples: One hundred raw milk samples.Procedures: Fifty bulk tank milk (BTM), 25 individual milk & 25 market milk samples were collected from various dairy farms and supermarkets in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The quality assessment of the samples began with evaluating the milk physical characteristics including color, odor, pH and the titratable acidity that reflected the hygienic quality of milk production on farm levels. Then the samples were directed for biochemical and microbiological examination with subsequent PCR approach.Results: The range of titratable acidity started from 0.11 – 0.20 % lactic acid with a mean value of 0.15 ± 0.004. While for microbiological examination of the samples by using the conventional methods of cultivation on (CIN) agar medium, 33 presumptive Yersinia isolates were recovered and intended for biochemical tests among which 5 out of these latter isolates were confirmed as Y. enterocolitica by applying PCR, through detecting the presence of 16srRNA gene. Also, this study evaluates not only the public health of consumers concerning the titratable acidity of the examined samples, but also the economic importance of these retailed samples in supermarkets; as Y. enterocolitica could be transmitted through the consumption of raw milk. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The Y. enterocolitica incidence was 29% in the examined raw farm and market milk samples

How Does The Interior Design of Learning Spaces Impact The Students` Health, Behavior, and Performance?

: The importance of research: human beings are greatly affected by their surroundings, especially in learning spaces. Lighting, colors, seating arrangement, and other factors all have a physical and psychological impact on students, which is reflected in their behavior, and performance. Research problem: Although there have been previous studies that have linked a student\u27s behavior to the interior design elements of the learning space, there is no extensive, combined study that can guide the design of university educational spaces to achieve the highest possible efficiency for the students. Research Objective: Set criteria to assess the learning space; this standard states whether or not a learning space can provide an appropriate learning environment that can help students physically and psychologically. Research methodology: (theoretical approach) relied on a review of previous theoretical and practical studies to gather sufficient information to determine the criteria for evaluating each element of the educational space and how it impacts students, this is shown by presenting definitions of human behavior and how it is influenced by the built environment, and then used to illustrate how the interior architectural design of the educational space impact students, reaching the ideal status for each element in the final table. (analytical approach) in which a questionnaire was conducted for students as a field study and then analyzed for results. Results showed that many existing educational spaces have problems with interior design elements. Some of these problems, such as lighting, ventilation, and temperature, can be avoided from the beginning by orienting educational spaces correctly and thus obtaining adequate natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature without having to rely on industrial means. Noise can also be reduced if a suitable location away from the noise is chosen, as well as careful selection of finishing materials of sound insulation material. Table 8 shows additional means of isolation that can be used in existing spaces. On the other hand, the color of the white wall, which many studies have confirmed harms the space users of students and teachers but is still used, is a problem that is easily avoidable but still recurring. It is preferable to use cold or warm colors instead, as shown in Table 8. The significance of this research is in assisting in the creation of a suitable educational space that meets the needs of students while avoiding all of the problems mentioned above in many educational settings

Direct Atmospheric Evidence for the Irreversible Formation Of Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosol

The reversible nature of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation was characterized for the first time through direct atmospheric measurements. Water-soluble organic carbon in the gas and particle phases (WSOCg and WSOCp) was measured simultaneously to quantify aqSOA formation in Baltimore, Maryland. During the nighttime, aqSOA formation was evident as WSOCg increasingly partitioned to the particle phase with increasing relative humidity (RH). To characterize the reversible/irreversible nature of this aqSOA, the WSOCp measurement was alternated through an unperturbed ambient channel and through a “dried” channel maintained at ~40% RH (with 7 s residence time) to mimic the natural drying particles undergo throughout the day. Across the entire RH range encountered, there was no statistically significant difference in WSOCp concentrations through the dry and ambient channels, indicating that the aqSOA remained in the condensed phase upon the evaporation of aerosol water. This strongly suggests that the observed aqSOA was formed irreversibly

How Does The Interior Design of Learning Spaces Impact The Students` Health, Behavior, and Performance?

: The importance of research: human beings are greatly affected by their surroundings, especially in learning spaces. Lighting, colors, seating arrangement, and other factors all have a physical and psychological impact on students, which is reflected in their behavior, and performance. Research problem: Although there have been previous studies that have linked a student\u27s behavior to the interior design elements of the learning space, there is no extensive, combined study that can guide the design of university educational spaces to achieve the highest possible efficiency for the students. Research Objective: Set criteria to assess the learning space; this standard states whether or not a learning space can provide an appropriate learning environment that can help students physically and psychologically. Research methodology: (theoretical approach) relied on a review of previous theoretical and practical studies to gather sufficient information to determine the criteria for evaluating each element of the educational space and how it impacts students, this is shown by presenting definitions of human behavior and how it is influenced by the built environment, and then used to illustrate how the interior architectural design of the educational space impact students, reaching the ideal status for each element in the final table. (analytical approach) in which a questionnaire was conducted for students as a field study and then analyzed for results. Results showed that many existing educational spaces have problems with interior design elements. Some of these problems, such as lighting, ventilation, and temperature, can be avoided from the beginning by orienting educational spaces correctly and thus obtaining adequate natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature without having to rely on industrial means. Noise can also be reduced if a suitable location away from the noise is chosen, as well as careful selection of finishing materials of sound insulation material. Table 8 shows additional means of isolation that can be used in existing spaces. On the other hand, the color of the white wall, which many studies have confirmed harms the space users of students and teachers but is still used, is a problem that is easily avoidable but still recurring. It is preferable to use cold or warm colors instead, as shown in Table 8. The significance of this research is in assisting in the creation of a suitable educational space that meets the needs of students while avoiding all of the problems mentioned above in many educational settings

Characterization of Atmospheric Microplastics at Daytona Beach, Florida

Microplastics (MPs) are defined as small fragments of plastic or synthetic polymer material less than 5mm in size. Previous research has primarily focused on MPs in marine and coastal environments; however, characterization of MPs in the atmosphere has been limited. The goal of this study is to investigate MPs in the atmosphere, i.e., their composition, origin, and transport, because of the uncertainties associated with the impacts of MPs on human health upon inhalation. Due to no existing protocol, a working methodology is continually being modeled since the Summer of 2021. Active and passive sampling is conducted in the summer season at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University campus in Daytona Beach, Florida. This location is advantageous due to its diverse air pollution sources and meteorological conditions. Daily active sampling entails using the Tisch High Volume Air Sampler, whereas weekly passive sampling utilizes a setup devised to hold a filter where MPs are deposited through wet and dry processes. Filters will then be submerged in 30% hydrogen peroxide at 40°C to remove any organic material, ensuring that only MPs are analyzed. Followed by vacuum filtration where the MPs are transferred to a 0.45μm polytetrafluoroethylene 47 mm diameter membrane filter for visual analysis. Optical characterization of MPs is conducted using a ZEISS Axioscope 7 compound microscope to determine the size distribution of these particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is utilized to investigate the chemical composition of MPs. This study has implications for the effects of MPs on human health via inhalation and their impacts on water bodies and soil upon deposition

Bioactive Cytotoxic Agents and Chemokine Production Inhibitors in LPS-Induced Raw264.7 Macrophage Cell Line from Flowers of Crepis Senecioides

Crepis senecioides is one of the endemic plant species found in Libya. The ethanol extract (E) of the flowers was partitioned on silica gel column with dichloromethane affording four compounds. Their structures were elucidated by the physicochemical and spectral data as germanicol acetate (1), 3`,3``butyl, 8`,8``carboxy) di-octyl phethalate (2), taraxasterol (3) and β-sitosterol (4). effect of the tested samples 1 and 2 on the viability of RAW macrophage 264.7 were studied. anti-cancer activity was tested on several human cell lines. Anti-inflammatory effect was also screened. Compound 1 had promising cellular cytotoxicity with IC50 60.26µg/mL on HepG2. Compound 2 had a talented cellular cytotoxicity with IC50 50.18 µg/mL on PC3. Both 1 and 2 exerted alike cytotoxicity with IC50 µg/mL 78.53, 78.14 on PC3 and MCF-7 carcinoma cell lines respectively. The treatment of LPS-stimulated macrophage with 2 led to a highly significant inhibition 45.05% in the nitrite concentration in LPS-stimulated macrophage. Compound 1 had a promising cellular cytotoxicity on HepG2, while 2 exhibited an inhibition on chemokine expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and had talented cellular cytotoxicity on PC3. Keywords: Crepis senecioide;, Asteraceae; Anti-inflammatory; cytotoxic effect; terpenoids; phethalate derivative