42 research outputs found
Careless Responding in Crowdsourced Alcohol Research: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Practices and Prevalence
Crowdsourcing - the process of using the internet to outsource research participation to “workers” - has considerable benefits, enabling research to be conducted quickly, efficiently, and responsively, diversifying participant recruitment, and allowing access to hard-to-reach samples. One of the biggest threats to this method of online data collection however is the prevalence of careless responders who can significantly affect data quality. The aims of this preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis were: (a) to examine the prevalence of screening for careless responding in crowdsourced alcohol-related studies; (b) to examine the pooled prevalence of careless responding; and (c) to identify any potential moderators of careless responding across studies. Our review identified 96 eligible studies (~126,130 participants), of which 51 utilized at least one measure of careless responding, 53.2%, 95% CI 42.7%–63.3%; ~75,334 participants. Of these, 48 reported the number of participants identified by careless responding method(s) and the pooled prevalence rate was ~11.7%, 95% CI 7.6%–16.5%. Studies using the MTurk platform identified more careless responders compared to other platforms, and the number of careless response items was positively associated with prevalence rates. The most common measure of careless responding was an attention check question, followed by implausible response times. We suggest that researchers plan for such attrition when crowdsourcing participants and provide practical recommendations for handling and reporting careless responding in alcohol research
Microencapsulated foods as a functional delivery vehicle for omega-3 fatty acids: a pilot study
It is well established that the ingestion of the omega-3 (N3) fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) positively benefit a variety of health indices. Despite these benefits the actual intake of fish derived N3 is relatively small in the United States. The primary aim of our study was to examine a technology capable of delivering omega-3 fatty acids in common foods via microencapsulation (MicroN3) in young, healthy, active participants who are at low risk for cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, we randomized 20 participants (25.4 ± 6.2 y; 73.4 ± 5.1 kg) to receive the double blind delivery of a placebo-matched breakfast meal (~2093 kJ) containing MicroN3 (450–550 mg EPA/DHA) during a 2-week pilot trial. Overall, we observed no differences in overall dietary macronutrient intake other than the N3 delivery during our treatment regimen. Post-test ANOVA analysis showed a significant elevation in mean (SE) plasma DHA (91.18 ± 9.3 vs. 125.58 ± 11.3 umol/L; P < 0.05) and a reduction in triacylglycerols (89.89 ± 12.8 vs. 80.78 ± 10.4 mg/dL; P < 0.05) accompanying the MicroN3 treatment that was significantly different from placebo (P < 0.05). In post study interviews, participants reported that the ingested food was well-tolerated, contained no fish taste, odor or gastrointestinal distress accompanying treatment. The use of MicroN3 foods provides a novel delivery system for the delivery of essential fatty acids. Our study demonstrates that MicroN3 foods promote the absorption of essential N3, demonstrate bioactivity within 2 weeks of ingestion and are well tolerated in young, active participants who are at low risk for cardiovascular disease
Spatial and temporal patterns of locally-acquired dengue transmission in Northern Queensland, Australia, 1993-2012
Background: Dengue has been a major public health concern in Australia since it re-emerged in Queensland in 1992–1993. We explored spatio-temporal characteristics of locally-acquired dengue cases in northern tropical Queensland, Australia during the period 1993–2012.Methods: Locally-acquired notified cases of dengue were collected for northern tropical Queensland from 1993 to 2012. Descriptive spatial and temporal analyses were conducted using geographic information system tools and geostatistical techniques. Results: 2,398 locally-acquired dengue cases were recorded in northern tropical Queensland during the study period. The areas affected by the dengue cases exhibited spatial and temporal variation over the study period. Notified cases of dengue occurred more frequently in autumn. Mapping of dengue by statistical local areas (census units) reveals the presence of substantial spatio-temporal variation over time and place. Statistically significant differences in dengue incidence rates among males and females (with more cases in females) (χ2 = 15.17, d.f. = 1, p<0.01). Differences were observed among age groups, but these were not statistically significant. There was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of dengue incidence for the four sub-periods, with the Moran's I statistic ranging from 0.011 to 0.463 (p<0.01). Semi-variogram analysis and smoothed maps created from interpolation techniques indicate that the pattern of spatial autocorrelation was not homogeneous across the northern Queensland.Conclusions: Tropical areas are potential high-risk areas for mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue. This study demonstrated that the locally-acquired dengue cases have exhibited a spatial and temporal variation over the past twenty years in northern tropical Queensland, Australia. Therefore, this study provides an impetus for further investigation of clusters and risk factors in these high-risk areas
Factores que determinan la acciĂłn de chatear por celular mientras se camina
1 recurso en lĂnea (97 páginas) : ilustraciones, figuras, tablas.El presente trabajo de investigaciĂłn estudia los factores que determinan la acciĂłn
de chatear mientras se camina, con el propĂłsito de analizar sus causas, desde la
perspectiva de los usuarios, y plantear medidas que ayuden a mitigar la conducta
de chatear mientras se camina de los peatones.
La metodologĂa usada tuvo dos perspectivas basadas en la aplicaciĂłn de una
encuesta a una muestra representativa de la poblaciĂłn. En primer lugar, se hizo un
análisis empĂrico a partir de la obtenciĂłn de barras apiladas divergentes, para un
conjunto de indicadores de variables latentes, basados en indicadores de tipo Likert.
En segundo lugar, tomando los datos de un experimento de preferencias
declaradas, mediante un proceso iterativo, se hizo la estimaciĂłn de modelos de tipo
Logit multinomial a través del software de uso libre Biogeme.
De esta manera se pudo concluir que los factores determinantes de la conducta de
chatear mientras se caminan están relacionados con caracterĂsticas sociales del
individuo, polĂticas de tránsito, caracterĂsticas de la infraestructura urbana,
caracterĂsticas socio-econĂłmicas de las personas, asĂ como las caracterĂsticas
propias del uso del telĂ©fono de cada individuo.BibliografĂa y webgrafĂa: páginas 94-97.PregradoIngeniero de Transport