Thematic Geovisualization of the Data Profile of Kaligesing, Purworejo, Central Java

The scientific field has a variety of purposes, one of which is the presentation of data and information which can be used by other parties to support their decision making. Moreover, the information is presented spatially. This research aims to map the data profile of Kaligesing district to establish the region’s potential through thematic geovisualization of its data profile, such as slopes, land use, livelihoods and population. The primary data were obtained from visual interpretation of remote sensing images to extract land use information, and DEM processing to extract slope information. Secondary data were provided by the Kaligesing district government. In order to build tiered spatial modelling, each thematic map was classified and weighted according to its contribution to the potential of the region. Based on this modelling, each village was given a compilation of weights, which were used as a basis for regional potential analysis. From the results of the thematic mapping, Kaligesing has three villages that have the potential for development in the agricultural, trade and service sectors, supported by the potential of human resources, and the abundant non-residential land available

Robust Near-Field Adaptive Beamforming with Distance Discrimination

This paper proposes a robust near-field adaptive beamformer for microphone array applications in small rooms. Robustness against location errors is crucial for near-field adaptive beamforming due to the difficulty in estimating near-field signal locations especially the radial distances. A near-field regionally constrained adaptive beamformer is proposed to design a set of linear constraints by filtering on a low rank subspace of the near-field signal over a spatial region and frequency band such that the beamformer response over the designed spatial-temporal region can be accurately controlled by a small number of linear constraint vectors. The proposed constraint design method is a systematic approach which guarantees real arithmetic implementation and direct time domain algorithms for broadband beamforming. It improves the robustness against large errors in distance and directions of arrival, and achieves good distance discrimination simultaneously. We show with a nine-element uniform linear array that the proposed near-field adaptive beamformer is robust against distance errors as large as ±32% of the presumed radial distance and angle errors up to ±20⁰. It can suppress a far field interfering signal with the same angle of incidence as a near-field target by more than 20 dB with no loss of the array gain at the near-field target. The significant distance discrimination of the proposed near-field beamformer also helps to improve the dereverberation gain and reduce the desired signal cancellation in reverberant environments

A Nested Sensor Array Focusing on Near Field Targets

A nested virtual array subband beamforming system is proposed for applications where broadband signal targets are located within the near field of the array. Subband multirate processing and near field beamforming techniques are used jointly for the nested array to improve the performances and reduce the computational complexity. A new noise model, namely the broadband near field spherically isotropic noise model, is also proposed for the optimization design of near field beamformers. It is shown that near field beamforming is essential for better distance discrimination of near field targets, reduced beampattern variations for broadband signals, and stronger reverberation suppression

A Microphone Array System for Multimedia Applications with Near-Field Signal Targets

A microphone array beamforming system is proposed for multimedia communication applications using four sets of small planar arrays mounted on a computer monitor. A new virtual array approach is employed such that the original signals received by the array elements are weighted and delayed to synthesize a large, nonuniformly spaced, harmonically nested virtual array covering the frequency band [50, 7000] Hz of the wideband telephony. Subband multirate processing and near-field beamforming techniques are then used jointly by the nested virtual array to improve the performances in reverberant environments. A new beamforming algorithm is also proposed using a broadband near-field spherically isotropic noise model for array optimization. The near-field noise model assumes a large number of broadband random noises uniformly distributed over a sphere with a finite radius in contrast to the conventional far-field isotropic noise model which has an infinite radius. The radius of the noise model, thus, adds a design parameter in addition to its power for tradeoffs between performance and robustness. It is shown that the near-field beamformers designed by the new algorithm can achieve more than 8-dB reverberation suppression while maintaining sufficient robustness against background noises and signal location errors. Computer simulations and real room experiments also show that the proposed array beamforming system reduces beampattern variations for broadband signals, obtains strong noise and reverberation suppression, and improves the sound quality for near-field targets

Sculpturing of photonic crystals by ion beam lithography: towards complete photonic bandgap at visible wavelengths

Three dimensional (3D) ion beam lithography (IBL) is used to directly pattern 3D photonic crystal (PhC) structures in crystalline titania. The process is maskless and direct write. The slanted pore 3D structures with pore diameters of 100 nm having aspect ratio of 8 were formed. It is shown that chemical enhancement of titania removal up to 5.2 times is possible in XeF2 gas for the closest nozzle-to-sample distance; the enhancement was similar to 1.5 times for the actual 3D patterning due to a sample tilt. Tolerances of structural parameters and optimization of IBL processing required for the fabrication of PhCs with full photonic bandgap in visible spectral range in rutile are outlined. Application potential of 3D-IBL is discussed. (c) 2011 Optical Society of Americ

La formación educativa de la mujer en el Líbano: lecciones para Oriente Medio

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe analiza el sistema educativo en el Líbano, sus componentes y el proceso exitoso de la integración de la mujer en los últimos 15 años. Se analiza el diseño del sistema educativo desde la fundación de las instituciones educativas libanesas, empezando con las escuelas extranjeras para llegar a la expansión de las escuelas públicas donde se necesita mejorar la educación pública de calidad. Respecto al analfabetismo, los datos son prometedores comparados con los países de su entorno. Se revela que la presencia de la mujer está siendo más relevante en el sistema educativo a partir de las primeras etapas y se vuelve más dominante poniéndose de manifiesto que la mejor manera de ofrecer un futuro a las mujeres de oriente medio y las del Líbano en particular, es a través de la mejora del puente educativo y cultural entre el Líbano y el resto del mundo, y para ello la implantación del bilingüismo juega una papel clave.ES